深硅刻蚀晶圆位置偏移分析与研究

晶圆位置偏移过大是导致深硅刻蚀设备发生传片报警问题的主要原因之一,尤其是在采用静电卡盘的设备中。阐述了晶圆位置发生偏移原因,重点研究了解吸附配方、顶针驱动和片间清洗方案。研究表明,静电吸盘的表面聚合物残留是导致静电释放不充分的主要因素,表面聚合物的清除有助于优化晶圆位置偏移。电动三针在固有残留静电力的情况下,通过缓慢连续升针方案缓解了跳片现象。优化片间清洗方案大幅减小表面聚合物残留。实验结果表明:优化后的解吸附配方为工艺时长90 s、电极功率1000 W、气压20 mTorr(1 mTorr≈0.133 Pa)、氩气体积流量250 mL/min,电动三针接触晶圆前、接触中、脱离静电吸盘后的升针速度分别为3、2和6 mm/s,在上述工艺条件下,通过进一步优化片间清洗方案,使得晶圆位置偏移量从初始的2~6 mm降至0.2 mm以内。

静电卡盘与晶圆之间的接触热阻研究

在等离子体刻蚀工艺中,晶圆的温度控制是关键的技术之一。控制晶圆温度的主要部件即是静电卡盘,因此静电卡盘与晶圆之间的接触热阻研究至关重要。晶圆是依靠静电而吸附在静电卡盘表面的,且粗糙接触面之间充有稀薄的氦气。本文将静电吸附的因素引入到经典的接触传热理论中,建立了静电卡盘与晶圆之间的接触传热模型,并研究了静电电压和气体压强对于接触传热系数的影响。此外,本文结合作者先前研究中建立并得到验证的全范畴气体导热模型,对静电吸附作用下的接触导热和稀薄气体条件下的气体导热进行了对比,得到了接触导热对总的导热效果的贡献比例。本文的研究有助于揭示静电卡盘和晶圆之间的传热机理,以及二者之间接触热阻的计算。

干法刻蚀中晶圆表面温度控制研究

干法刻蚀工艺中,晶圆温度会直接影响刻蚀速率、刻蚀均匀性及刻蚀形貌,从而对最终的器件性能产生影响。对干法刻蚀过程中会对晶圆温度产生影响的若干因素进行了研究,并通过实验确认了不同因素对晶圆温度的影响趋势及范围,为工程应用提供一定参考。通过实验,确认了静电吸盘的夹持电压及氦压、射频源功率、下电极温度及晶圆本身都会对刻蚀过程中的晶圆温度产生一定影响,其中静电吸盘的夹持电压及氦压对晶圆温度影响最大,晶圆翘曲、下射频源功率次之,上射频源功率、下电极冷却温度对晶圆温度影响基本相当,影响程度最小。

卡盘转速及喷淋臂摆动方式对晶片腐蚀性能的影响

随着晶片尺寸的不断增大,精准控制单片湿法腐蚀速率及非均匀性变得越来越具有挑战性。主要研究了300 mm单片湿法腐蚀工艺过程中,喷射稀释氢氟酸时卡盘的旋转速度和喷淋臂摆动方式对晶片表面腐蚀性的影响。结果表明,随着卡盘旋转速度的增大,腐蚀速率从1.02 nm/min线性提高到1.06 nm/min,腐蚀速率的非均匀性先是迅速降低,但当转速高于150 r/min后,基本保持在2.70%。喷淋臂在晶片中心定点喷射、匀速摆动和呈抛物线型摆动时,晶片腐蚀速率都约为1 nm/min,腐蚀速率均沿晶片中心到边缘径向降低,与定点喷射相比,喷淋臂在晶片表面摆动后,腐蚀速率的非均匀性明显降低,且抛物线摆动低于匀速摆动,达到1.48%。

晶圆卡盘热力耦合分析

晶圆卡盘是晶圆加工中常用的夹持装置,具有精度高、吸附力大、夹持平稳的特点。工作时,晶圆卡盘一般处于热力耦合的环境中,引起的变形和受力难以预知和理论分析。总结了热力耦合仿真流程,回顾了热力耦合理论,并对某型键合设备中使用的TC4晶圆卡盘进行了热载荷单独作用、外载荷单独作用、热力耦合作用的对比仿真研究。同时,针对结果进行了优化分析,为后续改进提供参考。

A novel measuring method of clamping force for electrostatic chuck in semiconductor devices

Electrostatic chucks are one of the core components of semiconductor devices. As a key index of electrostatic chucks, the clamping force must be controlled within a reasonable range. Therefore, it is essential to accurately measure the clamping force. To reduce the negative factors influencing measurement precision and repeatability, this article presents a novel method to measure the clamping force and we elaborate both the principle and the key procedure. A micro-force probe component is introduced to monitor, adjust, and eliminate the gap between the wafer and the electrostatic chuck. The contact force between the ruby probe and the wafer is selected as an important parameter to characterize de-chucking, and we have found that the moment of de-chucking can be exactly judged. Moreover, this article derives the formula calibrating equivalent action area of backside gas pressure under real working conditions, which can effectively connect the backside gas pressure at the moment of de-chucking and the clamping force. The experiments were then performed on a self-designed measuring platform.The de-chucking mechanism is discussed in light of our analysis of the experimental data. Determination criteria for de-chucking point are summed up. It is found that the relationship between de-chucking pressure and applied voltage conforms well to quadratic equation. Meanwhile, the result reveals that actual de-chucking behavior is much more complicated than the description given in the classical empirical formula.

Surface shape control of the workpiece in a double-spindle triple-workstation wafer grinder

Double-spindle triple-workstation（DSTW） ultra precision grinders are mainly used in production lines for manufacturing and back thinning large diameter（≥300 mm） silicon wafers for integrated circuits.It is important, but insufficiently studied,to control the wafer shape ground on a DSTW grinder by adjusting the inclination angles of the spindles and work tables.In this paper,the requirements of the inclination angle adjustment of the grinding spindles and work tables in DSTW wafer grinders are analyzed.A reasonable configuration of the grinding spindles and work tables in DSTW wafer grinders are proposed.Based on the proposed configuration,an adjustment method of the inclination angle of grinding spindles and work tables for DSTW wafer grinders is put forward. The mathematical models of wafer shape with the adjustment amount of inclination angles for both fine and rough grinding spindles are derived.The proposed grinder configuration and adjustment method will provide helpful instruction for DSTW wafer grinder design.

一种步进扫描投影光刻机承片台不平度检测新技术

提出一种步进扫描投影光刻机承片台不平度检测新技术。在晶圆与承片台存在不同偏移量时,利用线性差分传感器在线测量晶圆上不同点的局部高度;通过建立临时边界条件,以递推法消除晶圆面形影响,并逐行计算出承片台的相对不平度;通过逐行计算的结果递推相邻行之间的高度差,并将该高度差叠加到每一行,以消除临时边界条件的限制,得到处于同一高度上的承片台不平度;将计算的结果作为初始值,根据最小二乘原理,以邻近的四个测量点作为参考,逐步逼近得到承片台的真实不平度。计算机仿真结果验证了该检测方法的正确性,计算结果逐步收敛并逼近真实值.实验结果表明,该方法的计算结果较好地表示了承片台的真实不平度,重复精度优于0.3 nm;同时该方法也可用于晶圆表面面形的测量。