Improved design of special boundary elements for T-shaped reinforced concrete walls

This study examines the design provisions of the Chinese GB 50011-2010 code for seismic design of buildings for the special boundary elements of T-shaped reinforced concrete walls and proposes an improved design method. Comparison of the design provisions of the GB 50011-2010 code and those of the American code ACI 318-14 indicates a possible deficiency in the T-shaped wall design provisions in GB 50011-2010. A case study of a typical T-shaped wall designed in accordance with GB 50011-2010 also indicates the insufficient extent of the boundary element at the non-flange end and overly conservative design of the flange end boundary element. Improved designs for special boundary elements ofT-shaped walls are developed using a displacement-based method. The proposed design formulas produce a longer boundary element at the non-flange end and a shorter boundary element at the flange end, relative to those of the GB 50011-2010 provisions. Extensive numerical analysis indicates that T-shaped walls designed using the proposed formulas develop inelastic drift of 0.01 for both cases of the flange in compression and in tension.

异形幕墙复杂钢龙骨体系装配式施工技术应用

为应对航空轮胎大科学中心工程的技术挑战,特别是实现水平、竖向双向曲面轮胎造型,本文结合工程具体特点,设计了一套合理的工艺流程。该工艺流程采用装配式施工技术,并运用BIM辅助技术对异形钢龙骨结构进行了精确的模拟,以确保施工的精确性和效率。通过加设次钢龙骨体系连接幕墙与主体钢结构,实现圆弧曲面造型;通过分榀设计、榀架加工、地面拼装、高空吊装、单榀安装等流水作业,化难为易,解决了加工拼装与高空作业等施工难题,保证了工程质量与安全,并缩短了工期,最终取得了较好的经济效益。

Combined stress waves with phase transition in thin-walled tubes

The incremental constitutive relation and governing equations with combined stresses for phase transition wave propagation in a thin-walled tube are established based on the phase transition criterion considering both the hydrostatic pressure and the deviatoric stress. It is found that the centers of the initial and subsequent phase transition ellipses are shifted along the sigma-axis in the sigma tau-plane due to the tension-compression asymmetry induced by the hydrostatic pressure. The wave solution offers the 'fast' and 'slow' phase transition waves under combined longitudinal and torsional stresses in the phase transition region. The results show some new stress paths and wave structures in a thin-walled tube with phase transition, differing from those of conventional elastic-plastic materials.

拼装式悬挑操作平台的研发与应用

以中国航海博物馆帆体铝板幕墙整体改造提升工程为背景,配合馆方不停展施工,同时保证施工安全、质量、进度;由于帆体为异形曲面结构,从设计阶段开始优化平台连接方式,合理布置连接点位置,最终选择悬挑施工平台为高空散装安装的方式,采用抱箍结构和拉杆的形式将悬挑平台与帆体钢构管进行有效连接固定,从而形成安全可靠的施工平台。本悬挑平台安全、便捷、施工性强,实现了在不使用大型机械的情况下完成异形幕墙的更新;解决了现场异形超大高差的吊顶施工难题,在确保已运营结构安全的同时,有效降低了施工成本、缩短了施工工期、保障了施工安全、满足了馆方的要求,达成既定目标。

Modeling and Free Vibration Behavior of Rotating Composite Thin-walled Closed-section Beams with SMA Fibers

Smart structure with active materials embedded in a rotating composite thin-walled beam is a class of typical structure which is using in study of vibration control of helicopter blades and wind turbine blades. The dynamic behavior investigation of these structures has significance in theory and practice. However, so far dynamic study on the above-mentioned structures is limited only the rotating composite beams with piezoelectric actuation. The free vibration of the rotating composite thin-walled beams with shape memory alloy（SMA） fiber actuation is studied. SMA fiber actuators are embedded into the walls of the composite beam. The equations of motion are derived based on Hamilton＇s principle and the asymptotically correct constitutive relation of single-cell cross-section accounting for SMA fiber actuation. The partial differential equations of motion are reduced to the ordinary differential equations of motion by using the Galerkin＇s method. The formulation for free vibration analysis includes anisotropy, pitch and precone angle, centrifugal force and SMA actuation effect. Numerical results of natural frequency are obtained for two configuration composite beams. It is shown that natural frequencies of the composite thin-walled beam decrease as SMA fiber volume and initial strain increase and the decrease in natural frequency becomes more significant as SMA fiber volume increases. The actuation performance of SMA fibers is found to be closely related to the rotational speeds and ply-angle. In addition, the effect of the pitch angle appears to be more significant for the lower-bending mode ones. Finally, in all cases, the precone angle appears to have marginal effect on free vibration frequencies. The developed model can be capable of describing natural vibration behaviors of rotating composite thin-walled beam with active SMA fiber actuation. The present work extends the previous analysis done for modeling passive rotating composite thin-walled beam.

Filling mode and regularity of vertical centrifugal casting process of titanium alloy in thin-walled cylinder cavity

The mold filling process of titanium alloy in a thin-walled cylinder cavity under vertical centrifugal casting process was studied by means of the hydraulic simulation experiments. Results show that the filling mode of the melt in the cylinder cavity varies with casting wall-thickness. When the casting wall-thickness is less than or equal to the thickness of the first layer during the filling process, the melts fill the cavity from the bottom to the top.When the casting wall-thickness is greater than the thickness of the first layer during the filling process, the melts first fill the largest radius parts of the cavity with a certain thickness of the first layer from the bottom to the top of the cavity, and then they fill the cavity from the larger radius part to the smaller radius part. The melt filling ability increases with the increment of the mold rotational speed and the pouring temperature. In another aspect, the melt filling ability rises with the decrement of the melt viscosity, and the melt with the better filling ability is prone to fill the cylinder cavity layer by layer.

Improvement of Concrete Shear Wall Structures by Smart Materials

Smart materials have found numerous applications in many areas in civil engineering recently. One class of these materials is shape memory alloy (SMA) which exhibits several unique characteristics such as superelasticity and shape memory effect. Due to these characteristics, research efforts have been extended to use SMA in controlling civil structures. This paper investigates the effectiveness of SMA reinforcements in enhancing the behavior of shear walls, especially when subjected to seismic excitations. Two ordinary and coupled shear walls were introduced as reference structures and were modeled by ABAQUS software. For improving the seismic response of the shear walls, vertical SMA reinforcing bars were proposed to be implemented like conventional steel reinforcements, throughout the height of the structures and in every connecting beam in the coupled shear wall system. The one dimensional superelastic model of SMA material was implemented in the computer software using FORTRAN code. The dynamic response of the shear walls subjected to seismic loading was investigated through time history analyses under El-centro and Koyna records. The results showed that using superelastic SMA material instead of steel bars caused remarkable reduction in residual displacement for both ordinary and coupled shear walls. In addition, SMA reinforcements could significantly decrease the maximum deflection of the coupled shear wall system.

Fast Control of Negative Pressure Response of a Bio-inspired Suction Cup Actuated by Shape Memory Alloy

A bio-inspired suction cup actuated by shape memory alloy(SMA)for miniature wall climbing robots is developed based on studying characteristics of biological suction apparatus.Some fast control strategies are introduced to improve negative pressure response.Theoretic model of the suction cup is built,and simulation and experiments results indicate the effectiveness of the fast control strategies.The largest negative pressure of the suction cup can reach 14 000 Pa,and its generating and cancelling just need 5 s.Research results indicate the suction cup can be used as an adhesion mechanism for miniature wall climbing robots.

Advances in Compact Manufacturing for Shape and Performance Controllability of Large-scale Components-A Review

Research on compact manufacturing technology for shape and performance controllability of metallic components can reanze the simplification and high-reliability of manufacturing process on the premise of satisfying the requirement of macro/micro-structure. It is not only the key paths in improving performance, saving material and energy, and green manufacturing of components used in major equipments, but also the challenging subjects in frontiers of advanced plastic forming. To provide a novel horizon for the manufacturing in the critical components is significant. Focused on the high-performance large-scale components such as bearing rings, flanges, railway wheels, thick-walled pipes, etc, the conventional processes and their developing situations are summarized. The existing problems including multi-pass heating, wasting material and energy, high cost and high-emission are discussed, and the present study unable to meet the manufacturing in high-quality components is also pointed out. Thus, the new techniques related to casting-rolling compound precise forming of rings, compact manufacturing for duplex-metal composite rings, compact manufacturing for railway wheels, and casting-extruding continuous forming of thick-walled pipes are introduced in detail, respectively. The corresponding research contents, such as casting ring blank, hot ring rolling, near solid-state pressure forming, hot extruding, are elaborated. Some findings in through-thickness microstructure evolution and mechanical properties are also presented. The components produced by the new techniques are mainly characterized by fine and homogeneous grains. Moreover, the possible directions for fin＇ther development of those techniques are suggested. Finally, the key scientific problems are first proposed. All of these results and conclusions have reference value and guiding significance for the integrated control of shape and performance in advanced compact manufacturing.

基于等值面体的三维涡旋数量与形状特征研究

涡旋是湍流的基本结构,被誉为流体运动的肌腱,涡旋研究对自然探索和工程应用有重要的意义.基于直接数值模拟的槽道湍流数据与旋转强度涡旋识别方法,以涡旋三维结构等值面体(以三角网格为单位)为研究对象,通过设置三角形切面,利用两三角形相交快速检测算法提取涡旋多边形,研究不同等值面体阈值及壁面距离条件下,涡旋数量与形状特征(圆度、半径、凸状及纵横比因子)的变化规律.以对数区内涡旋为例:随着阈值的增加,涡旋密度呈对数律快速递减,圆度和半径因子概率密度函数(PDF)变高耸,圆度均值快速递增后保持不变而半径均值不断递减,纵横比因子PDF未显著改变且均值基本不变,凸状因子PDF向脉冲函数靠近,说明阈值增大导致涡旋逐渐变少、变圆、变小并更饱满.在同一阈值下,随着壁面距离的增加,涡旋密度在外区(除靠近水面区域外)也呈对数律递减,圆度、纵横比及凸状因子先快速增加随后不变或缓慢增长,半径因子快速递减后保持不变,说明涡旋在远离壁面的过程中在不断破灭但形态却较为稳定.

明代鞍山“V”型长城略论

在明长城的辽东段,一段“V”型边墙跨于鞍山之境。分析“V”型长城的形成,与辽河套地区的特殊地理环境紧密相关,也与明初同北元势力争夺控制权过程中所形成的特定交通网络形制有密切关系。形成于正统年间的这段“V”型长城一度被明朝臣诟病,有意裁弯取直。有明一代,“V”型长城在抵御边患方面呈现出一定的优势,故该形制一直得以持续。透过史实细节可知,长城并非简单的军事防御工事,在其背后是稳定的经贸与文化交往,可以透视出长城作为文明象征物的深刻内涵。

“两墙合一”深基坑工程设计与技术创新

北京CBD核心区某项目基坑深度36m,因受场地空间限制,采用“两墙合一”+内支撑支护体系,在实现基坑挡土、止水功能的同时完成了地下结构外墙施工。为提高工程质量和施工效率,针对地连墙与主体结构的连接、槽段接头处理方式、有限空间导墙结合近接建筑物预换撑等方面进行了技术创新,取得了较好的工程效果,可供类似工程参考。

Analysis of dynamic stress intensity factors of thick-walled cylinder under internal impulsive pressure

Dynamic stress intensity factors are evaluated for thick-walled cylinder with a radial edge crack under internal impulsive pressure. Firstly, the equation for stress intensity factors under static uniform pressure is used as the reference case, and then the weight function for a thick-walled cylinder containing a radial edge crack can be worked out. Secondly, the dynamic stresses in uncracked thick-walled cylinders are solved under internal impulsive pressure by using mode shape function method. The solution consists of a quasi-static solution satisfying inhomogeneous boundary conditions and a dynamic solution satisfying homogeneous boundary condi- tions, and the history and distribution of dynamic stresses in thick-walled cylinders are derived in terms of Fourier-Bessel series. Finally, the dynamic stress intensity factor equations for thick-walled cylinder containing a radial edge crack sub- jected to internal impulsive pressure are given by dynamic weight function method. The finite element method is utilized to verify the results of numerical examples, showing the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.

超深异型排插式刚性接头地连墙工艺试验研究

以张靖皋长江大桥南锚碇基础现场工艺试验为依托,对超深异型排插式网片刚性接头地连墙施工过程中的关键工艺进行了创新及验证,结果表明:在采用双轮铣及液压抓斗联合施工工艺的基础上,通过合理设置施工顺序、引入基于复合检测手段的槽段虚拟碰撞检测技术和加长型孔口导向架以及加强泥浆性能管控等控制措施,可以确保超深异型槽段的成槽垂直度和槽壁稳定性;应用倾角仪和三维液压千斤顶调整刚性接头姿态,通过导向装置辅助入槽,实现了刚性接头安装过程中精度的可测可控,利用智能化同步焊接技术可有效控制焊接变形,优化焊接质量;在钢筋笼匹配制作的基础上,辅以垂直度监测手段可有效控制刚性接头和钢筋笼的相对位置关系;采用专用的刷壁装置清理排插钢筋处的泥渣,并使用同步浇筑平台实现刚性接头各隔舱的同步浇筑,有利于保证浇筑质量以及接头的结构安全控制,同时,引入防绕流水带封堵混凝土绕流通道,可以有效避免混凝土污染接头处的钢筋,确保地连墙墙体的强度和完整性。后期的开挖及抗弯承载力试验验证了本文所提出的地连墙施工控制措施可有效保证地连墙的成墙质量以及接头处承载力。

T形截面剪力墙约束边缘构件设计建议

约束边缘构件的构造对剪力墙抗震性能影响较大,抗震规范对T形截面剪力墙约束边缘构件的配筋及长度的相关规定可能存在不足。为研究T形截面剪力墙约束边缘构件的合理构造,基于有限元平台OpenSEES,建立了T形截面剪力墙纤维模型,仿真结果与试验数据吻合良好,验证了有限元模型的合理性和可靠性。在此基础上,研究T形截面剪力墙翼缘端约束边缘构件纵筋配筋率和腹板自由端约束边缘构件长度对其抗震性能的影响,结果表明:抗震规范对T形截面剪力墙翼缘端约束边缘构件纵筋配置的要求过于保守;降低翼缘端约束边缘构件的纵筋配筋率、同时增加腹板端约束边缘构件长度,可显著提升T形截面剪力墙抗震性能,且用钢量减少。借鉴美国规范ACI 318⁃19,提出了确定T形截面剪力墙腹板端约束边缘构件长度的简化方法,给出了T形截面剪力墙约束边缘构件的设计建议。

型钢混凝土T形截面剪力墙基于性能的变形限值研究

为更好地评估T形截面型钢混凝土(steel reinforced concrete,SRC)剪力墙变形性能,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对按照规范设计的324个T形截面SRC剪力墙构件的破坏形态和变形性能进行研究,根据收集的试验数据分析构件的破坏形态,提出T形截面SRC剪力墙的破坏形态划分准则;以构件的各材料应变极限值为准则来判别构件的性能状态,考虑轴压比、剪跨比、弯剪比、腹板暗柱配钢率、暗柱纵筋配筋率及箍筋暗柱特征值对构件变形性能的影响。对不同性能状态变形限值和参数进行线性回归分析,得到不同破坏类型下各性能状态位移角限值计算式;按规范ASCE 41修正各性能状态变形限值的失效概率,得到具有15%、20%、35%失效概率保证的各性能状态变形限值取值表。研究表明:剪跨比、轴压比对构件各性能状态位移角限值影响较大,暗柱腹板配钢率、纵筋配筋率及箍筋特征值对构件位移角限值影响相对较小,但能提高其延性。按规范ASCE 41修正后的位移角限值取值较为合理且有一定的安全储备。为T形截面SRC剪力墙基于性能的抗震设计与性能评估提供参考。

哈氏合金大直径薄壁圆环创新加工方法

文章针对耐腐蚀难以加工的哈氏合金材料薄壁V型齿面圆环类产品存在的刚度较低、车削容易发振、公差无法保证等难题,提出了一套创新夹持材料的加工方法与技术。此加工方法利用工件内孔位置及机械装置与工件的夹持摩擦力来进行车削,以此实现一个夹持工位内的全部切削作业,从而降低翻身、找正偏差对产品的冲击,同时也能有效提升制造质量及效率。哈氏合金材质的V型齿圆环类车削加工攻关成功,验证了新型夹持方法可有效解决此类产品的车削难题。该车削方法对类似薄壁圆环类零件的生产具有很好的借鉴和推广价值。

窄翼缘异形柱-波纹钢板剪力墙体系的抗震性能

针对钢结构住宅凸梁、凸柱和抗侧刚度不足的问题,提出一种新型窄翼缘异形柱-波纹钢板剪力墙体系;通过与传统H形钢柱-平钢板剪力墙体系进行对比,确定内嵌波纹钢板布置方式,采用ABAQUS软件建立所提出体系的有限元模型,对所提出体系的抗震性能进行分析,探讨外部框架截面形式与布置方式、波纹钢板厚度与剪跨比等对所提出体系的抗侧承载力、耗能能力和塑性变形能力的影响。结果表明:所提出的体系具有较大的抗侧承载力和较强的耗能能力、塑性变形能力,极限抗侧承载力为设计值的1.73倍,具备一定的安全储备;横向布置的波纹钢板能有效减小其作用于框架梁柱的荷载;采用十字形异形柱使所提出的体系有更强的塑性变形能力;所提出体系中的异形柱偏肢宜沿剪力墙面内方向布置,内嵌波纹钢板厚度宜取为3~5 mm,剪跨比宜控制在1.25左右。

低周反复荷载下T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙受力性能试验研究

为研究低周反复荷载下T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的受力性能,对5个T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙进行了低周反复加载试验。基于试验数据,分析了T型组合剪力墙的破坏模式、滞回曲线、变形能力及耗能能力,重点研究了边缘约束条件、波纹类型以及轴压比不同变化参数对T型组合剪力墙抗震性能指标的影响规律。研究结果表明:T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙破坏模式主要有压屈破坏和压弯破坏两种;设置边缘约束构件是提高T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙承载能力和变形能力的关键因素;纵向窄波纹钢板对内部混凝土的约束能力更强,在低周反复荷载下两者协同工作性更优,而横向窄波纹钢板试件强度退化最严重;采用全截面塑性设计方法进行T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙正截面承载力计算,试验值与计算值吻合良好;T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙具有较好的承载能力和变形能力,可适用于高层及超高层建筑结构中。

冷弯薄壁C型钢-混凝土组合梁抗弯性能试验研究及有限元分析

为探究冷弯薄壁C型钢-混凝土组合梁受弯性能,制作并设计了5个不同断面组合形式的组合梁试件,并对其进行抗弯性能试验研究,分析其承载性能、破坏机理。在试验基础上,通过有限元分析软件ABAQUS对此组合梁进行非线性分析,对其进行参数分析,研究材料、尺寸对组合梁性能的影响。基于试验研究与有限元模拟分析,建立冷弯薄壁C型钢-混凝土组合梁的承载力模型,对其承载力、刚度进行理论分析。结果表明:各组合梁的主要破坏形式均属于延性破坏;采用ABAQUS建立的组合梁有限元模型能较好地模拟冷弯薄壁C型钢-混凝土组合梁的受力过程。随着C型钢屈服强度的增加,极限荷载最高提高56.5%;C型钢厚度每增加1mm,极限荷载平均提高28.5%;截面高度每增加50mm,极限荷载提高20%左右。但是提高混凝土的强度等级对组合梁的承载力影响较小;推导出了适用于此种冷弯薄壁C型钢-混凝土组合梁的抗弯承载力及其刚度计算方法,发现计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。