According to the study on soils under the 34-year-old Larch forest and Larch-Walnut mixed forest. It tvas concluded that, in mixed forest, the total content of water- stable aggregate (0. 25- 5mm) in the upper layers ...According to the study on soils under the 34-year-old Larch forest and Larch-Walnut mixed forest. It tvas concluded that, in mixed forest, the total content of water- stable aggregate (0. 25- 5mm) in the upper layers (0- 30cm) of soil was significant ly higher than that in pure forest. The 2mm aggregates increased 48% in mixed forest soil compared with pure fOrest. and consequently, the three-phase ratio of soil was regulate d, the physical properties improved and the fertility of soil raised. Because of the stability of total aggregate content and the importance of 2mm aggregate content in soil fertility.it s advisable using the two indices above to characterize the effect of mixed forest on soil improvement.展开更多
Using political ecology as its conceptual framework,this paper focuses on the changes in forest utilisation and management of South Kyrgyzstan’s walnut-fruit forests over the last century. The aim of this study on hu...Using political ecology as its conceptual framework,this paper focuses on the changes in forest utilisation and management of South Kyrgyzstan’s walnut-fruit forests over the last century. The aim of this study on human-environment interactions is to investigate the relationship between actors on the one side,their interests and demands,and the forests and forested lands on the other. Forest resource utilisation and management — and even the recognition of different forest products as resources — are connected with political and socio-economic conditions that change with time. The walnut-fruit forests of South Kyrgyzstan are unique,characterised by high biodiversity and a multiplicity of usable products;and they have been utilised for a long time. Centralised and formal management of the forests started with the Russian occupation and was strengthened under Soviet rule,when the region became a part of the USSR. During this era,a state forest administration that was structured from Moscow all the way down to the local level drew up detailed plans and developed procedures for utilising the different forest products. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union,the socio-political and economic frame conditions have changed significantly,which has brought not only the sweeping changes in the managing institutions,but also the access rights and interests in the forest resources. At present,the region is suffering from a high unemployment rate,which has resulted in the forests’ gaining considerable importance in the livelihood strategies of the local population. Political and economic liberalization,increased communication and trans-regional exchange relations have opened the door for international companies and agents interested in the valuable forest products. Today,walnut wood and burls,walnuts,wild apples and mushrooms are all exported to various countries in the world. Scientists and members of various international organisations stress the ecological value of the forests and are trying to establish nature conservation areas. Nevertheless,it is to fear that a multiplicity of interrelated factors — the present transformation and globalization processes,the appearance of new actors,the local population’s insecure economic situation and the erosion of managing institutions — are all leading to an intensified and unregulated exploitation of the forests,resulting in their degradation.展开更多
通过探讨核桃(Juglansregia)响应降雨变化时的蒸腾耗水及光合特性,为核桃生产中合理栽植及水分管理提供理论参考。通过人工控制灌水量(-50%,-25%,CK,+25%,+50%),采用盆栽苗木称重法和Li—6400便携式光合仪测定核桃品种香玲、清香和辽核...通过探讨核桃(Juglansregia)响应降雨变化时的蒸腾耗水及光合特性,为核桃生产中合理栽植及水分管理提供理论参考。通过人工控制灌水量(-50%,-25%,CK,+25%,+50%),采用盆栽苗木称重法和Li—6400便携式光合仪测定核桃品种香玲、清香和辽核1号在不同水分条件下蒸腾耗水及光合指标,并采用隶属函数法对指标进行分析。结果表明:(1)香玲、清香和辽核1号3种苗木的耗水量和耗水速率在不同水分条件下不同品种间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。夜间耗水量差异较明显,辽核1号在各降雨条件下夜间耗水量所占比例最大,耗水速率较小,具有良好的保水力。(2)清香和辽核1号在不同降雨条件下净光合速率(photosynthetic rate,Pn)的变化主要是由气孔因素限制;香玲在水分较匮乏和较湿润环境中,Pn的变化主要由非气孔限制因素引起。(3)辽核1号水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)处于较高水平;香玲灌水量增加50%,水分利用效率较低;清香灌水量减少50%,水分利用效率骤然上升。(4)结合隶属函数结果分析,香玲不适于水分条件较湿润的环境,清香则在水分较匮乏时依然生长,辽核1号则在不同降雨条件下具有较高适应性。展开更多
文摘According to the study on soils under the 34-year-old Larch forest and Larch-Walnut mixed forest. It tvas concluded that, in mixed forest, the total content of water- stable aggregate (0. 25- 5mm) in the upper layers (0- 30cm) of soil was significant ly higher than that in pure forest. The 2mm aggregates increased 48% in mixed forest soil compared with pure fOrest. and consequently, the three-phase ratio of soil was regulate d, the physical properties improved and the fertility of soil raised. Because of the stability of total aggregate content and the importance of 2mm aggregate content in soil fertility.it s advisable using the two indices above to characterize the effect of mixed forest on soil improvement.
文摘Using political ecology as its conceptual framework,this paper focuses on the changes in forest utilisation and management of South Kyrgyzstan’s walnut-fruit forests over the last century. The aim of this study on human-environment interactions is to investigate the relationship between actors on the one side,their interests and demands,and the forests and forested lands on the other. Forest resource utilisation and management — and even the recognition of different forest products as resources — are connected with political and socio-economic conditions that change with time. The walnut-fruit forests of South Kyrgyzstan are unique,characterised by high biodiversity and a multiplicity of usable products;and they have been utilised for a long time. Centralised and formal management of the forests started with the Russian occupation and was strengthened under Soviet rule,when the region became a part of the USSR. During this era,a state forest administration that was structured from Moscow all the way down to the local level drew up detailed plans and developed procedures for utilising the different forest products. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union,the socio-political and economic frame conditions have changed significantly,which has brought not only the sweeping changes in the managing institutions,but also the access rights and interests in the forest resources. At present,the region is suffering from a high unemployment rate,which has resulted in the forests’ gaining considerable importance in the livelihood strategies of the local population. Political and economic liberalization,increased communication and trans-regional exchange relations have opened the door for international companies and agents interested in the valuable forest products. Today,walnut wood and burls,walnuts,wild apples and mushrooms are all exported to various countries in the world. Scientists and members of various international organisations stress the ecological value of the forests and are trying to establish nature conservation areas. Nevertheless,it is to fear that a multiplicity of interrelated factors — the present transformation and globalization processes,the appearance of new actors,the local population’s insecure economic situation and the erosion of managing institutions — are all leading to an intensified and unregulated exploitation of the forests,resulting in their degradation.
文摘通过探讨核桃(Juglansregia)响应降雨变化时的蒸腾耗水及光合特性,为核桃生产中合理栽植及水分管理提供理论参考。通过人工控制灌水量(-50%,-25%,CK,+25%,+50%),采用盆栽苗木称重法和Li—6400便携式光合仪测定核桃品种香玲、清香和辽核1号在不同水分条件下蒸腾耗水及光合指标,并采用隶属函数法对指标进行分析。结果表明:(1)香玲、清香和辽核1号3种苗木的耗水量和耗水速率在不同水分条件下不同品种间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。夜间耗水量差异较明显,辽核1号在各降雨条件下夜间耗水量所占比例最大,耗水速率较小,具有良好的保水力。(2)清香和辽核1号在不同降雨条件下净光合速率(photosynthetic rate,Pn)的变化主要是由气孔因素限制;香玲在水分较匮乏和较湿润环境中,Pn的变化主要由非气孔限制因素引起。(3)辽核1号水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)处于较高水平;香玲灌水量增加50%,水分利用效率较低;清香灌水量减少50%,水分利用效率骤然上升。(4)结合隶属函数结果分析,香玲不适于水分条件较湿润的环境,清香则在水分较匮乏时依然生长,辽核1号则在不同降雨条件下具有较高适应性。
