Studies on Powder Scattering Regularities of Male Flowers of Walnut in Xinjiang

[Objective] The aim was to find out the regularities of powder scattering about walnuts＇ male for improving walnut yield and quality. [Method] The powder was collected by the method of gravity glass slide, and the regulation of powders scattering of ＇Xinxin2＇ and ＂Wen185＇ which were the two main cultivated varieties of walnut in Xinjiang were studied. [Result] The results showed that the male inflo- rescence powder lasted for around 10 d, and centralized scatter powder was about 4 d, when walnut male at the daily mean temperature was from 20 to 24℃. Gen- erally, the large powder shedding amount was in east, south and central position of crown, in the range of 19 to 27 ℃, and the optimal temperature of powder scatter- ing was 20 to 23 ℃. [Conclusion] The pollens scattering regularities of walnut is closely related to temperature. With a favorable temperature, powder scattering per- forms outstandingly.

Permo-Carboniferous Radiolarians from the Wupata'erkan Group,Western South Tianshan, Xinjiang, China

The Wupata'erkan Group, also called Wupata'erkan Formation, distributed in the South Tianshan, Xinjiang, China, mainly consists of gray and dark gray fine-grained clastic rocks, interlayered with volcanic rocks, carbonates and cherts. Some ultra-basic rocks (blocks) punctuate the formation. The formation was variously assigned to Silurian-Middle Devonian, Silurian-Lower Devonian, and pre-Devonian, mainly based on Atrypa bodini Mansuy, Hypothyridina parallelepipedia (Brour.) and Prismatophyllum hexagonum Yoh collected from the limestone interlayers, respectively. However, radiolarian fossils obtained from 24 chert specimens of the Wupata'erkan Group, mainly include Albaillella sp. cf. A. undulata Deflandre, Albaillella sp. cf. A. paradoxa Deflandre, Albaillella cf. A. deflandrei Gourmelon, Albaillella sp. cf. A. indensis Won, Albaillella sp. cf. A. excelsa Ishiga, Kito and Imoto, Albaillella sp. and Latentifistulidae gen. et. sp. indet., are earliest Carboniferous and Late Permian. The earliest Carboniferous assemblage is characterized by Albaillella sp. cf. A. undulata Deflandre, Albaillella sp. cf. A. paradoxa Deflandre, Albaillella cf. A. deflandrei Gourmelon and Albaillella sp. cf. A. indensis Won, and the Late Permian assemblage by Albaillella sp. cf. A. excelsa Ishiga, Kito and Imoto. This new stratigraphic evidence indicates that the Wupata'erkan Group is possibly composed of rocks with different ages from Silurian to Permian, and therefore, it is probably an ophiolite melange. The discovery of Late Permian Albaillella sp. cf. A. excelsa provides more reliable evidence supporting the existence of a Permian relic ancient oceanic basin in the western part of Xinjiang South Tianshan.

Spatio-Temporal Changes of Soil Salinity in Arid Areas of South Xinjiang Using Electromagnetic Induction

The aim of this paper was to research the spatio-temporal changes in total soluble salt content （TS） in a typical arid region of South Xinjiang, China, where the climate is arid and soil salinization happens easily. The total soluble salt content was interpreted by measurements made in the horizontal mode with EM38 and EM31. The electromagnetic induction （EM） surveys were made three times with the apparent soil electrical conductivity （ECa） measurements taken at 3 873 locations in Nov. 2008, 4 807 locations in Apr. 2009 and 6 324 locations in Nov. 2009, respectively. For interpreting the ECa measurements into total soluble salt content, calibtion sites were needed for EM survey of each time, e.g., 66 sites were selected in Nov. 2008 to measure ECa, and soils-core samples were taken by different depth layers of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm at the same time. On every time duplicate samples were taken at five sites to allevaite the local-scale variability, and soil temperatures in different layers through the profiles were also measured. Factors including TS, pH, water content, bulk density were analyzed by lab experiments. ECa calibration equations were obtained by linear regression analysis, which indicated that soil salinity was one primary concern to ECa with a determination coefficient of 0.792 in 0-10 cm layer, 0.711 in 10-20 cm layer and 0.544 in 20-40 cm layer, respectively. The maps of spatial distribution were predicted by Kriging interpolation, which showed that the high soil salinity was located near the drainage canal, which validated the trend effect caused by the irrigation canal and the drainage canal. And by comparing the soil salinity in different layers, the soluble salt accumulated to the top soil surface only in the area where the soil salinization was serious, and in the other areas, the soil salinity trended to increase from the top soil surface to 40 cm depth. Temporal changes showed that the soil salinity in November was higher than that in April, and the soil salinization trended to aggravate, especially in the top soil layer of 0-10 cm.

Current Development Situations of Ziziphus Jujuba Industry in South Xinjiang and Recommendations

Through surveying current development situations and existing problems of planting and processing of Ziziphus jujuba in south Xinjiang,this paper discussed planting,processing mode of Ziziphus Jujuba in south Xinjiang and development direction of enterprises in Ziziphus Jujuba production. It is expected to ensure and increase quality and sales volume of Ziziphus Jujuba and promote sound and sustainable development of Ziziphus Jujuba industrial chain in south Xinjiang.

Late Permian to Triassic intraplate orogeny of the southern Tianshan and adjacent regions, NW China

The South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions of Central Asia are located in the southwestern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The formation of South Tianshan Orogen was a diachronous, scissors-like process, which took place during the Palaeozoic, and its western segment was accepted as a site of the final collision between the Tarim Craton and the North Asian continent, which occurred in the late Palaeozoic. However, the post-collisional tectonic evolution of the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions remains debatable. Based on previous studies and recent geochronogical data, we suggest that the final collision between the Tarim Craton and the North Asian continent occurred during the late Carboniferous. Therefore, the Permian was a period of intracontinental environment in the southern Tianshan and adjacent regions. We propose that an earlier, small-scale intraplate orogenic stage occurred in late Permian to Triassic time, which was the first intraplate process in the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions. The later large- scale and well-known Neogene to Quaternary intraplate orogeny was induced by the collision between the India subcontinent and the Eurasian plate. The paper presents a new evolutionary model for the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions, which includes seven stages： （I） late Ordovician-early Silurian opening of the South Tianshan Ocean; （11） middle Silurian-middle Devonian subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean beneath an active margin of the North Asian continent; （111） late Devonian-late Carboniferous closure of the South Tianshan Ocean and collision between the Kazakhstan-Yili and Tarirn continental blocks; （IV） early Permian post-collisional magmatism and rifting; （V） late Permian-Triassic the first intraplate orogeny; （Vt） Jurassic-Palaeogene tectonic stagnation and （VII） Neocene-Quaternary intraplate orogeny.

2011年新疆南疆重点调查湿地植物名录

本文通过对南疆地区重点调查湿地持续一年的多次实地调查研究,获得植物物种信息原始数据,查阅参考《中国植物志》等各类生物多样性、植物志类书籍专著及相关专业数据库相关信息对原始数据进行补充、完善与校对,按照APGIV分类系统(2016),经分类整理、复核、审核,构建了2011年新疆南疆重点调查湿地植物名录。本数据集涉及重点调查湿地共35个,包含植物种名、拉丁文名、别名、门、纲、目、中文科名、拉丁科名、中文属名、拉丁属名、分布湿地名称、生境、植物价值等信息,共11目18科33属58种。本数据集可为今后开展新疆南疆湿地区域植物的物种研究、生态环境质量恢复与合理利用,以及生物多样性保护研究提供数据支撑。

放线菌剂对南疆沙区枣树生长生理及产量果品的影响

为探究放线菌剂在南疆沙漠土壤条件下对枣树生长生理及产量果品的影响,选择南疆洛浦县典型沙区枣园,以嫁接4年生‘七月鲜’枣树为研究对象,设置15、30和45g·株^(-1)3种不同用量放线菌剂处理,0g·株^(-1)作为对照,测定了枣树生长、生理、产量及果实品质等相关指标。结果表明,各放线菌剂处理下,枣树新发枣头枝基径在8、9月均较对照有所增加,尤其30g·株^(-1)处理较显著,而二次枝基径始终与对照无明显差异,叶面积在30和45g·株^(-1)处理下7、8月均较对照显著增加,而叶片厚度仅30g·株^(-1)处理在7月有明显增厚;各放线菌剂处理下,叶片叶绿素相对含量在8月,净光合速率在7、8和9月均较对照显著提高,而叶片相对含水量仅30g·株^(-1)处理表现持续高于对照;7月各放线菌剂处理下的叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性均较对照显著上升,而多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性除15g·株^(-1)处理外也都显著上升,至8月叶片PAL活性均趋于对照,SOD活性除15g·株^(-1)处理外仍显著高于对照,而PPO活性则全部显著提升;各放线菌剂处理下枣树单株产量和优果重量均较对照有所提高,其中15和30g·株^(-1)处理下差异显著,优果率均明显提高,而病果率则均无明显差异;各放线菌剂处理下,鲜枣可溶性固形物含量在白熟、脆熟和完熟期均较对照有一定提高,尤其30和45g·株^(-1)处理一直表现显著增加,而对于干枣,总糖含量与糖酸比均较对照显著提高,其中30g·株^(-1)处理还显著降低了可滴定酸含量。综上,放线菌剂可促进枣树生长,增强枣树重要生理功能,并提高产量和改善枣果品质。在南疆沙区枣园实际生产中,可每株配施30g放线菌剂,需结合春季施农家肥为主的基肥施用。

新疆南疆冷凉区域不同大豆品种(系)的熟期与产量比较分析

大豆起源于我国,是我国重要的粮油兼用作物,大部分区域均有栽培。适宜新疆南疆地区种植的大豆品种较匮乏,为此,本研究拟利用23个育成品种(系)开展品种比较试验,以期筛选出生育期适宜、优质、高效、高产的品种或品系,为进一步挖掘优良大豆品种的生产潜力,进而在新疆南疆地区大面积推广种植提供选种思路。本试验从大豆的生育期、叶型、株高、荚数、抗倒伏、实收产量等性状指标进行调查和对比分析研究,从而得出适应当地环境和丰产性较优的大豆品种。品种比较试验结果表明,‘新振豆8号’‘吉育86’‘新振豆14号’‘中黄30’品种的产量排名较前,其小区折合产量达到了5125.00 kg·hm-2以上,远远高于我国平均单产水平。因此,这些品种从产量和生育期的角度均适合新疆南疆推广应用。

黄曲霉对不同含水量新疆鲜食核桃活性氧代谢的影响

以新疆“新2”薄皮核桃为材料,无菌水接种为对照组,探究人工接种从自然霉变核桃上分离纯化出的黄曲霉菌后不同含水量的鲜食核桃活性氧代谢相关酶的变化规律。结果表明,不同含水量的鲜食核桃遭受到黄曲霉侵染后,在侵染前期,各含水量的鲜食核桃体内活性氧迅速累积,酶促清除系统被激活,不同的抗氧化酶为抵御病原微生物的侵染活性开始有明显的升高并达到峰值,但随着侵染时间的延长,酶促清除系统清除活性氧的能力减弱,活性氧的大量积累导致果实细胞膜结构被破坏,加快了其老化、腐烂。黄曲霉侵染含水量25%的鲜食核桃时,酶促清除系统的抗氧化酶活性明显高于其他含水量的鲜食核桃。

新疆南天山乌宗布拉克铅锌矿床地质特征及矿床成因探讨

新疆南天山乌宗布拉克铅锌矿床地处艾尔宾山(残余海盆)成矿带的东段,经过多年来地质探矿,矿床规模在不断扩大,铅锌矿体产于中泥盆统萨阿尔明组大理岩与绢云千枚岩的岩性界面附近,其含矿性与地层层位、特定的岩性关系密切,成矿作用与石炭二叠纪岩浆岩关系密切,该铅锌矿体显示出明显的热液交代充填成矿作用的特征。本文从矿区地质特征入手,结合前人资料,对乌宗布拉克铅锌矿床成矿条件、矿石特征等进行研究,认为乌宗布拉克铅锌矿床为产于泥盆系碳酸盐岩地层中的中低温热液铅锌矿床,属于沉积热液改造型复成因矿床。

New job opportunities change lives in south Xinjiang

Uygur women in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwest China, are well known across the na- tion for their long braided hair and dancing talent. Raziya Kadir, though, deviates from the stereotype by virtue of her short hair,

南疆核桃品种脂肪酸及氨基酸的营养评价

采用索氏抽提的方法获得南疆核桃油样,并用气质联用仪测得其脂肪酸的含量及组分;采用考马斯亮蓝C-250测定可溶性蛋白质含量;采用茚三酮溶液染色法测定游离氨基酸总量;探讨核桃的脂肪酸含量及组成,并对蛋白质和氨基酸进行了营养分析。结果表明,南疆核桃油脂含量高(平均为52.64%),核桃仁油脂以不饱和脂肪酸为主要成分,平均占脂肪酸总量的80.39%,饱和脂肪酸含量较低(2.66%);且棕榈酸含量较低(2.66%);核桃种仁可溶性蛋白质含量平均为7.67 mg/g;核桃种仁游离氨基酸含量平均为7.44mg/g。

新疆核桃产业发展现状及对策建议

通过国内外调研和相关资料收集,结合新疆独特的战略地位和政策现状,总结分析新疆核桃产业的现状以及存在的主要问题。主要问题表现为机械化生产、精准化水肥管理、标准化生产等方面技术落后;加工产能低,仍然以采后初加工为主;销售中卖难问题凸显。提出了适合新疆核桃产业发展道路的建议:(1)通过制定相关优惠政策,增强政府对核桃产业的帮扶强度;(2)推广核桃增产提质增效技术,提高生产基地质量与水平;(3)强化核桃加工转化能力,促进产业转型升级;(4)提高核桃产业发展科技支撑能力,解决核桃产业发展关键问题;(5)加大市场开拓力度,增强新疆核桃品牌影响力,从而实现新疆核桃产业高效发展。

新疆巩留野核桃林调查及其分析

新疆野核桃是我国珍稀的重要野生植物资源。在亚洲,成片分布仅在伊犁州巩留县野核桃沟自然保护区。为了更好地保护该珍贵资源,本研究对新疆巩留野核桃树的30cm处地径、树高、树皮光滑程度、树势、病(虫)害等方面进行调查,获取基础数据,并统计了野核桃沟不同沟系野核桃树的分布数量、幼树所占比例、病(虫)害分布状况。用树皮的光滑度分析其年龄结构,并进行野核桃树分布密度、年龄结构、生长势与环境的关系分析。结果显示,目前野核桃沟的野核桃树数量约有5500余株,30cm处地径小于10cm的幼树约占总株数的16%。分布在西沟和东沟的野核桃树约占总数的66%。野核桃林整体年龄结构基本合理,属于增长型群体结构。但病害的侵染,尤其是野核桃褐斑病、野核桃枝枯病的危害,严重影响了树木生长势。

新疆南疆扁桃仁中蛋白质与脂类营养分析

为客观分析评价新疆南疆扁桃仁中蛋白质和脂类营养特性,以新疆南疆主栽品种莎车1号、莎车9号和石头扁桃仁为研究对象,运用氨基酸自动分析仪和GC-MS对扁桃仁中氨基酸和油中脂肪酸组成及含量进行了分析测定。结果表明:莎车1号、莎车9号和石头扁桃仁中粗蛋白含量较高,分别为27.17%、29.15%和31.13%;氨基酸组成全面且含量丰富;粗脂肪含量丰富,分别为53.76%、50.64%、49.26%;油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,分别为93.78%、94.14%、93.38%。因此,新疆南疆扁桃是一种极具开发价值的高品质植物蛋白资源和油料作物。

8个新疆早实核桃优株坚果品质变异分析及综合评价

为充分利用新疆核桃种质资源,选育坚果综合品质优良的核桃品种,采用常规观测法、索氏抽提法、气相色谱法、凯氏定氮法和HPLC法,对8个新疆核桃优株坚果的16个外在品质指标和37个内在品质指标的变异情况及坚果综合品质进行了研究。结果表明:8个核桃优株坚果单果重、出仁率、坚果三径均值分别为14.73g、51.67%和3.95cm,脂肪、蛋白质含量均值分别为68.70%和13.66%,蛋白质中氨基酸总量(TAA)、人体必需氨基酸(EAA)含量均值分别为10.81g/100g和3.11g/100g,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量均值分别为20.19%和71.25%,坚果外在品质中描述型性状和数值型性状变异系数分别为26.76%和14.34%,内在品质变异系数平均为19.84%。8个新疆核桃优株坚果品质变异比较丰富。主成分分析结果表明各优株坚果品质综合评价指数由高到低的顺序为:30号>31号>13号>61号>33号>36号>48号>21号,可根据各优株不同的坚果品质特征开发出不同的核桃坚果产品。

新疆南天山库尔干一带泥盆纪—早石炭世放射虫组合的发现

新疆南天山库尔干南阿尔腾柯斯组硅质岩地层中发现了丰富的保存良好的放射虫化石,共计21属34种,11个未定种,1个未定种属。研究表明,两个样品的放射虫组合时代分别为中—晚泥盆世和早石炭世。中—晚泥盆世放射虫组合的发现,丰富了库车地区泥盆纪放射虫生物群组合,为确定阿尔腾柯斯组的时代奠定了生物化石依据。结合前人对该组生物化石的研究,该组为跨时代岩石地层单元,应予解体。而具有早泥盆世—晚石炭世放射虫硅质岩的深水海相沉积地层为古南天山洋盆的演化过程提供了地层学证据。

基于气温、降水变化的南疆气候变化分析

近年来新疆气候尤其是南疆气候出现了一些引人注目的变化。本文采用南疆10个站点1955~2000年的气温和降水资料进行了研究,分别分析了南疆近50年来气温和降水的年际变化、季节变化,并对其进行了异常性分析。研究表明：在这45年里南疆气候已呈现出较明显的变暖变湿趋势。

南疆膜下滴灌棉花耗水规律以及灌溉制度研究

2004年在南疆尉犁县进行了棉花膜下滴灌耗水规律以及灌溉制度的研究，通过设置三个灌水处理：345mm、420mm、505mm，并连续监测每次灌前棉花全生育期土壤含水量变化，得出以下结论：在花期（7月4日）滴灌定额45mm，灌水只能影响到土壤0～40cm，灌后第一天，土壤水分损失可达到20mm；灌后四天，0～40cm含水量已降至60％以下，棉花已受到水分胁迫。在南疆，在充分满足棉花对水分需求的条件下，膜下滴灌棉花耗水量为625mm，505mm的灌溉量可满足棉花对水分的需求。根据实验的灌水安排以及棉花各生育阶段的耗水率，南疆膜下滴灌棉花的灌溉制度为：蕾期每次灌水定额35mm，每5天灌一次；花铃期每次灌水定额为50mm，7天灌一次，盛铃期后，灌水定额逐渐降低至35mm。

不同新疆核桃品种的光合特性

为了探明新疆主栽核桃品种的光合能力,以新疆8个主栽核桃品种为试材,利用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统测定了不同品种各光合参数的日变化。研究结果表明:扎343和609的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著高于其它品种,而新丰和917的各光合参数均显著低于其它品种;各核桃品种的光合速率与气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈正相关,与胞间CO2浓度呈负相关;各品种的叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率的日变化曲线呈明显的双峰曲线,胞间CO2浓度的日变化曲线表现为不规则的双谷型;各品种的光合"午休"现象是气孔因素和非气孔因素双重影响的结果。