Bi-level model for shared parking decision-making based on parking lot assignment simulation

In order to carry out comprehensive decision-making of multi-class shared parking measures within a region, a bilevel model assisting decision-making is proposed. The upper level selects parkers＇ average satisfaction and the violation rate during peak hours as indices in object function, and sets probability distribution models describing dynamic parking demand of each site, the feasibility of shared parking scenarios and occupancy requirements during peak hours of each parking lot as restrictions. The simulation model in the lower level sets up rules to assign each parker in the random parking demand series to the proper parking lot. An iterative method is proposed to confirm the state of each parking lot at the start of formal simulations. Besides, two patterns linking initialization and formal simulation are presented to acquire multiple solutions. The results of the numerical examples indicate the effectiveness of the model and solution methods.

The Impact of Simulation Education on Self-Efficacy in Pre-Registration Nursing Students

This literature review primarily aims to explore and synthesise the previous studies in simulation education research conducted over the past five years related to the effects of simulation training on the self-efficacy of undergraduate pre-registration nursing students. The second aim of this study is to explore additional outcome variables that were examined in the previous studies. Five electronic databases were searched systematically. These databases were MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Embase and PsycINFO. The PICO model was employed to identify the search terms, with a thesaurus being used to provide synonyms. Reference lists of relevant articles were examined and hand searches of journals were also undertaken. The quality of each study was assessed using the Simulation Research Rubric (SRR). A total of 11 studies were included. All studies explored the impact of simulation education on undergraduate pre-registration nursing. Six studies explored nursing students’ competence and performance and two papers examined their critical thinking. Problem solving, learning motivation, communication skills and knowledge acquisition were examined once. The majority of studies indicated that simulation training has a positive impact on pre-registration nursing students’ self-efficacy and other outcome variables. Furthermore, the study results indicate that simulation training is more dependable than traditional training, and students were extremely satisfied with the simulation training. However, most of the studies included in this review had several gaps, including study design, sample size and dissimilarities between the scales used. Further research with large samples, reliable and valid instruments, and outcomes measures (such as critical thinking and transferability of skills) is required to provide better insight into the effectiveness of simulation in undergraduate nursing education. .

Analysis on decision-making model of plan evaluation based on grey relation projection and combination weight algorithm

In military service joint operations, when there are more operational forces, more multifarious materials are consumed, the support is more complex and fuzzy, the deployment of personnel is more rapid, and the support provided by wartime military material support powers can be more effective. When the principles,requirements, influencing factors and goals of military material support forces are deployed in wartime, an evaluation indicator system is established. Thus, a new combined empowerment method based on an analytic hierarchy process（AHP） is developed to calculate the subjective weights, and the rough entropy method is used to calculate the objective weights. Combination weights can be obtained by calculating the weight preference coefficient error, which is determined by combining the cooperative game method and the minimum deviation into objectives. This approach can determine the grey relation projection coefficient and synthesize the measure scheme superiority to finally optimize the deployment plan using the grey relation projection decision-making method. The results show that the method is feasible and effective;it can provide a more scientific and practical decision-making basis for the military material support power deployment in wartime.

COLLISION AVOIDANCE DECISION-MAKING MODEL OF MULTI-AGENTS IN VIRTUAL DRIVING ENVIRONMENT WITH ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

Collision avoidance decision-making models of multiple agents in virtual driving environment are studied. Based on the behavioral characteristics and hierarchical structure of the collision avoidance decision-making in real life driving, delphi approach and mathematical statistics method are introduced to construct pair-wise comparison judgment matrix of collision avoidance decision choices to each collision situation. Analytic hierarchy process （AHP） is adopted to establish the agents＇ collision avoidance decision-making model. To simulate drivers＇ characteristics, driver factors are added to categorize driving modes into impatient mode, normal mode, and the cautious mode. The results show that this model can simulate human＇s thinking process, and the agents in the virtual environment can deal with collision situations and make decisions to avoid collisions without intervention. The model can also reflect diversity and uncertainly of real life driving behaviors, and solves the multi-objective, multi-choice ranking priority problem in multi-vehicle collision scenarios. This collision avoidance model of multi-agents model is feasible and effective, and can provide richer and closer-to-life virtual scene for driving simulator, reflecting real-life traffic environment more truly, this model can also promote the practicality of driving simulator.

On-Line Tuning Scheme for the Generalized Predictive Controller via Simulation Optimization

Predictive control has recently received much attention from researchers. However a challenging problem to be solved is how to tune the parameters of the predictive controller. So far, only few guidelines related to tuning of the parameters of predictive controllers have been provided in literature. In practice, these parameters are generally off-line determined by the designers' experience. From the point of view of process control, it is difficult to find out the optimal parameters for the control system based on a single quadratic performance index, which is used in the standard predictive control algorithm. The fuzzy decision-making function is investigated in this paper. Firstly, M control actions are achieved by unconstrained predictive control algorithm, and fuzzy goals and fuzzy constraints are then calculated and the global satisfaction degree is obtained by fuzzy inference. Moreover, the weighting coefficient λ in the cost function is tuned using simulation optimization according to the fuzzy criteria.

DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORK FOR SELECTION AND DESIGN OF SHADING DEVICES BASED ON DAYLIGHTING

This research looked to improve the daylighting performance of a shading device as a window component.The paper describes the development of the decision-making framework(DMF)for the selection and design of shading devices based on daylighting.The DMF presents the process of analysis of the shading devices’daylighting performance in the selection of existing shading devices and in the design of new shading devices.The research determined the shading device daylighting performance measures(such as illuminance and daylight autonomy)as well as the variables that influence daylight performance.Interactions among the variables and the effects of these interactions on the shading device daylighting performance were explained and quantified in the DMF.The DMF also included ways of present-ing the results of testing the shading devices and the process of making the decision.A case study for three blind systems was performed to determine if the DMF provides a concept for the analysis of the daylighting performance of shading devices and for making decisions about the design/selection of the shading device.Computer simulation was used to calculate the illuminance levels and the daylight autonomies(DAs)as a result of the application of these blinds.The values of the DAs are compared for three blind systems to select the most appropriate sys-tem to be applied on a proposed building.The DMF based on daylighting can help building designers to select the most suitable shading device based on its daylighting performance,and can help shading device manufacturers in designing new shading devices with improved daylighting performance.FIGURE 2.Simplified DMF diagram.

基于Simulink的电子对抗分布式仿真系统研究

航空领域常进行电子对抗仿真,为获得更高的仿真置信度,一个分布式、高效、兼容性好、能应对复杂场景仿真的系统很有必要;通过对Simulink进行研究,提出一种既能解决HLA(high level architecture)架构下模型兼容性问题,还能保证模型运行效率的分布式仿真系统创建方法;该方法利用M语言脚本实例化Simulink模型,动态适配想定场景,并在RTW(real time workshop)的帮助下将模型编译为可执行程序,在MTC(main time control)统一调度下完成时间同步和仿真推进;最后,通过红蓝电子对抗想定场景仿真,进一步验证了按此方法搭建的仿真系统是可信的,基于该系统构建作战需求仿真平台的想法是可行的。

Building towards Expertise in CME （Continuous Medical Education）： Suggestions for a New Paradigm

To build towards expertise, one has to accept to modify his way of practicing, including： （1） a need to reflect on and about the action; （2） a continuous concern about our competence to practice; （3） tireless effort to combine metacognition and mental practice in a trans-disciplinary approach; （4） adding research with neuroscience, understanding neuroplasticity, modulation and artificial intelligence. Usual practice actually does not include a continuous concern for CME （continued medical education） and is intermittent at best. This new paradigm constitutes the basis of our approach. Expertise starting in 2015 is described as an asymptotic curve unable to be obtained with usual practice and intermittent education. We suggest a new way of conceiving CME combining practice, reflection on action and in-situ simulation laboratory near work. We are describing TEE （technology-enhanced education） coupled with certain neuro-enhancers to achieve a break in the asymptotic curve of expertise. This is in reality a new conception of CME in medicine.

BigPicture:An Analytical Platform for Business War Gaming

Business war games are strategic management exercises that bring the military scenario simulation to a commercial setting, helping business managers to better understand the environment in which they operate and anticipate scenarios, such as competition movements, new product launching and production capacity planning, among others. These exercises normally take place with players organized in teams, gathered in a room, with a static package of information provided beforehand. In this paper we present an alternative, dynamic way of playing a business war game, with players geographically dispersed, and information dynamically available as it is available from its sources. We introduce BigPicture, an analytical platform with unique features that allow it to be an ideal “playground” for conducting more realistic business war games.

基于演员-评论家框架的层次化多智能体协同决策方法

针对复杂作战环境下多智能体协同决策中出现的任务分配不合理、决策一致性较差等问题,提出一种基于演员-评论家(Actor-Critic,AC)框架的层次化多智能体协同决策方法。通过将决策过程分为不同层次,并使用AC框架来实现智能体之间的信息交流和决策协同,以提高决策效率和战斗力。在高层次,顶层智能体制定任务决策,将总任务分解并分配给底层智能体。在低层次,底层智能体根据子任务进行动作决策,并将结果反馈给高层次。实验结果表明,所提方法在多种作战仿真场景下均取得了较好的性能,展现了其在提升军事作战协同决策能力方面的潜力。

战创伤虚拟现实救治训练模型研究进展

高水平战创伤救治是降低部队减员率和保障部队战斗力的必然要求。介绍战创伤虚拟现实(VR)救治训练模型的发展趋势,论述了VR模型在急重症诊疗培训领域和战创伤救治训练领域的应用现状,分析了目前国内外战创伤救治训练模式的特点,指出了VR模型高效、安全、经济且易获得的优势,为提升我军战创伤救治训练提供借鉴参考。

航空基础理论课程理战一体“双环”教学模型的构建与实践

为提升军队院校航空基础理论课程教学实战化水平,针对当前教学中存在的“缺飞行实践、难理解领会”等现实问题,通过引入DCS软件,构建了课内理论讲授与课外模拟飞行训练“双向循环、螺旋上升”的“双环”教学模型,将理论与飞行作战紧密结合起来,既有利于全面提升航理教学的“为战性”,也可为军队院校其他课程实战化改革提供参考。

战争复杂系统与战争模拟研究

信息化战争研究需要系统理论的指导,需要新型的战争模拟手段。从系统复杂性出发,针对信息化战争的变化,介绍了以系统理论为核心、以现代信息技术为手段、面向战争全过程的战争工程的思想,提出了建立面向战争各领域的虚拟全球战争空间的概念模型,并以此为基础研究了战争复杂系统的建模与仿真的有关问题。

战争模拟:复杂性的问题与思考

战争系统是典型的复杂巨系统之一,这给战争模拟带来了许多难以解决的问题。本文首先分析了信息化战争模拟的新需求,然后根据长期从事战争模拟研究工作的实践,就战争问题分解与求解、模型颗粒度与聚合解聚、实体能力与损耗计算,以及计算复杂性等主要的复杂性问题进行了讨论。并指出,战争模拟的复杂性主要原因取决于参数的不确定性、系统的适应性和层次涌现性,最后依此给出了关于战争模拟过程中需要注意的几个问题。

战争模拟研究值得关注的几个问题

介绍了在战争复杂性与信息化战争模拟研究中的进展,并讨论了复杂环境建模、复杂体系建模、复杂行为建模、社会仿真、战争空间建模等几个值得关注的问题。

计算机生成兵力

介绍分布交互仿真（ＤＩＳ）环境中计算机生成兵力（ＣＧＦ）的概念，分析ＣＧＦ系统的原理、结构、特点和主要研究内容．介绍现有的ＣＧＦ系统。

作战态势推演系统研究

作战态势推演系统是由计算机硬件环境和软件环境构成的用于作战态势推演的有机整体,其根本目的是迅速、准确地为指挥员定下作战决心提供支持.根据研究该系统的需要,首先对作战态势推演进行了定义;接着分析了国内外作战态势推演系统研究现状,指出了系统初步目标和系统组成;同时,提出系统的概念结构,并在此基础上探讨了各个部分的功能及组成,指出了关键技术的实现途径.

复杂网络:战争复杂系统建模仿真新途径

战争复杂系统建模仿真的核心和关键是对战争复杂系统中实体间复杂关系的描述,而复杂网络理论为战争复杂系统建模研究提供了一条新的途径与方法。分析了战争复杂系统建模的基本特点,阐述了复杂网络方法在战争复杂系统建模仿真中的应用可行性,介绍了战争模拟“平行系统”的基本思想和虚拟战争空间概念模型中复杂网络理论方法的应用,然后用3个典型的实例具体说明了复杂网络理论方法在战争复杂系统建模中的基本应用,最后结合实践体会对未来工作进行了展望。

“沉浸式”战略决策训练模拟系统研究与实现

“沉浸式”战略决策训练是一种强调利用现代战争模拟技术营造虚拟决策情景与环境的新型训练方式。首先介绍了“沉浸式”战略决策训练的基本训练方法和特点,然后给出了“沉浸式”战略决策训练模拟ISGSS原型系统的组成与结构,最后对危机态势的自然表达和快速决策后模拟这两个支持沉浸感产生的关键问题的实现进行了深入讨论。

空军战役过程推演仿真系统研究

面向空军武器装备论证的实际需求,介绍了辅助装备论证的空军战役过程推演仿真系统的构成及其主要功能,提出了一个面向空军战役过程推演的仿真系统的体系结构。该系统以Sim2000为支撑平台,由模型体系、想定编辑器、数据管理和态势显示等应用部件组成。