Exploration and Research on Translation Strategies of Terminologies in Treatise on Warm Heat Disease

Cultural Translation Theory,originated in the 20 th century,states that the study of translation is the study of cultural in-teraction.It aims to explain that translation should not merely be constrained at traditional linguistic level,but should go to a muchbroader area,that is to say,the cultural and historical frame to direct our translation.Wen Re Lun(Treatise on Warm Heat Disease)is a representative classic of Warm Disease Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),with considerable cultural tradition.From the perspective of Cultural Translation Theory,this thesis discussed the translation strategy of terminologies in Wen Re Lun.The principle,"mainly based on foreignization and domestication as minor",could be preferable to transmit the TCM essence byits own language.

Atmospheric Warming Slowdown during 1998-2013 Associated with Increasing Ocean Heat Content

Although atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations continuously increased, there was relatively little change in global-averaged surface temperatures from 1998 to 2013, which is known as atmospheric warming slowdown. For further understanding the mechanism involved, we explored the energy redistribution between the atmosphere and ocean in different latitudes and depths by using data analysis as well as simulations of a coupled atmosphere–ocean box model. The results revealed that, compared with observational changes of ocean heat content (OHC) associated with rapid warming, the OHC changes related to warming slowdown are relatively larger in multiple ocean basins, particularly in the deeper layer of the Atlantic. The coupled box model also showed that there is a larger increasing trend of OHC under the warming slowdown scenario than the rapid warming scenario. Particularly, during the warming slowdown period, the heat storage in the deeper ocean increases faster than the ocean heat uptake in the surface ocean. The simulations indicated that the warming patterns under the two scenarios are accompanied by distinct outgoing longwave radiation and atmospheric meridional heat transport, as well as other related processes, thus leading to different characteristics of ocean heat uptake. Due to the global energy balance, we suggest this slowdown has a tight relationship with the accelerated heat transport into the global ocean.

Modeling Arctic Ocean heat transport and warming episodes in the 20th century caused by the intruding Atlantic Water

This study investigates the Arctic Ocean warming episodes in the 20th century using both a high-resolution coupled global climate model and historical observations. The model, with no flux adjustment, reproduces well the Atlantic Water core temperature （AWCT） in the Arctic Ocean and shows that four largest decadalscale warming episodes occurred in the 1930s, 70s, 80s, and 90s, in agreement with the hydrographic observational data. The difference is that there was no pre-warming prior to the 1930s episode, while there were two pre-warming episodes in the 1970s and 80s prior to the 1990s, leading the 1990s into the largest and prolonged warming in the 20th century. Over the last century, the simulated heat transport via Fram Strait and the Barents Sea was estimated to be, on average, 31.32 TW and 14.82 TW, respectively, while the Bering Strait also provides 15.94 TW heat into the west- ern Arctic Ocean. Heat transport into the Arctic Ocean by the Atlantic Water via Fram Strait and the Barents Sea correlates significantly with AWCT （ C = 0.75 ） at 0- lag. The modeled North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） index has a significant correlation with the heat transport （ C = 0.37 ）. The observed AWCT has a significant correlation with both the modeled AWCT （ C =0.49） and the heat transport （ C =0.41 ）. However, the modeled NAO index does not significantly correlate with either the observed AWCT （ C = 0.03 ） or modeled AWCT （ C = 0.16 ） at a zero-lag, indicating that the Arctic climate system is far more complex than expected.

Prediction Analysis on the Transport Distance of Supply Air in Warm Air Heating Room with Impinging Jet Ventilation Systems

To overcome the disadvantages of displacement ventilation( DV) and traditional mixing ventilation( MV) system,a new ventilation system known as impinging jet ventilation system( IJVS)has been developing. The warm air can be supplied with impinging jet ventilation( IJV), while the DV is only used for cooling.However,the flow and temperature field of IJV under heating scenario has had few references. The paper is mainly focused on computational fluid dynamics( CFD) and developing an adequate correlation between the distance L that warm air can reach and different parameters in the warm IJVS by using response surface methodology( RSM). The results indicate that L decreases as the supply velocity υ decreases but increases as the supply temperature difference ΔT or the discharge height h decreases. In the variable air volume( VAV) system, it is necessary to determine supply parameters both under the maximum-heat-load condition and the small-heat-load condition. Unlike the VAV system,the constant air volume( CAV) system has no need to study the small-heat-load condition. Draught discomfort near the nozzle becomes the issue of concern in IJVS, thus the suitable discharge height is of great importance in design and can be calculated based on the predictive model.

INTERANNUAL VARIATION IN HEAT CONTENT OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC WARM POOL AND ITS EFFECT ON EASTERN ASIAN CLIMATE ANOMALIES

Using the 1980-2010 winter GODAS oceanic assimilations, study is conducted of the winter heat content(HC) established in the subsurface layer(5 to 366 m in depth) over the western Pacific warm pool(WP), followed by investigating the HC spatiotemporal characteristics, persistence and the impacts on the climate anomalies of neighboring regions. Results are as follows: 1) the pattern of integral consistency is uncovered by the leading EOF1(PC1) mode of HC interannual variability, the year-to-year fluctuation of the time coefficients being well indicative of the interannual anomaly of the WP winter subsurface-layer thermal regime. The HC variation is bound up with El Ni觡o-Southern Oscillation, keeping pronounced autocorrelation during the following two seasons and more, with the persistence being more stable in comparison to sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial middle eastern Pacific; 2) the winter HC anomalies produce lasting effect on the WP thermal state in the following spring and summer and corresponding changes in the warm water volume lead to the meridional transport and vertical exchange of warm water, which exerts greater impacts upon the sea surface temperature/heat flux over the warm pool per se and neighboring regions, especially in the Philippine Sea during the posterior spring and summer; 3) the increase in the winter HC corresponds to the spring outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) decrease and richer precipitation over the waters east to the Philippine Sea and the resultant convective heating anomalies are responsible for the rise of geopotential isobaric surfaces over tropical and subtropical western North Pacific, thereby producing effect on the western Pacific subtropical high(anomaly). Subsequently, the sea-surface heat flux exchange is intensified in the warm pool, a robust anomalous cyclone shows up at lower levels, air-sea interactions are enhanced and abnormal convective heating occurs, together making the winter HC anomalies even more closely associated with the variation in the summer subtropical high. As a result, the WP winter HC can be used as an effective predictor of the variation in spring/summer western Pacific subtropical high and the strength of summer monsoon over the northwestern Pacific.

Anthropogenic Heat Flux Will Affect Global Warming

Examination of 420,000 years old ice cores shows a close relation between temperature increase and CO2-concentration increase. During the industrial era a new energy component appears, Anthropogenic Heat Flux, and a part of that energy will accumulate in Earth climate system and become an essential part of global warming.

The Heat Balance in the Western Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool during the Westerly Wind Bursts: A Case Study

The responses of sea surface temperature (SST) in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool to the westerly wind bursts (WWBs) play an important role in the relationship between WWB and ENSO. By using data collected from eight buoys of TOGA (Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere)- COARE (Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment), the heat balances of the upper ocean in the western equatorial Pacific around 0 degrees, 156 degreesE during two WWB events were calculated according to Stevenson and Niiler's (1983) method. In both events, SST increased before and after the WWBs, while decreased within the WWBs. The SST amplitudes approximated to 1 degreesC. Although sometimes the horizontal heat advections may become the biggest term in the heat balance, the variation of SST was dominated by the surface heat flux. On the other aspect, some different features of the two events are also revealed. The two cases have different variation of mixed layer depth. The depth of mixed layer is almost double in the first case (35 in to 70 m), which is caused by Ekman convergence, while only 10m increments due to entrainment in the second one, There are also differences in the currents structure. The different variations of thermal and currents structure in the mixing layers accounted for the different variation of the heat balance during the two events, especially the advection and residue terms. The seasonal variation of SST in this area is also investigated simply. The first WWB event happened just during the seasonal transition. So we considered that it is a normal season transition rather than a so-called anomaly. That also suggested that the seasonal distinction of the WWB is worthy of more attention in the researches of its relationship to ENSO.

Winter heat budget in the Huanghai Sea and the effect from Huanghai Warm Current (Yellow Sea Warm Current)

Four sources of surface heat flux （SHF） and the satellite remote sensing sea surface temperature （SST） data are combined to investigate the heat budget closure of the Huanghai Sea （HS） in winter.It is found that heat loss occurs all over the HS during winter and the area averaged heat content change decreases with a rate of-106 W/m 2.Comparing with the area averaged SHF of-150 W/m 2 from the four SHF data sets,it can be concluded that the SHF plays a dominant role in the HS heat budget during winter.In contrast,the heat advection transported by the Huanghai Warm Current （Yellow Sea Warm Current,HWC） accounted for up to 29% of the HS heat content change.Close correlation,especially in February,between the storm events and the SST increase demonstrates that the HWC behaves strongly as a wind-driven compensation current.

Change of Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential in Response to Global Warming

Tropical cyclone heat potential （TCHP） in the ocean can affect tropical cyclone intensity and intensification. In this paper, TCHP change under global warming is presented based on 35 models from CMIP5 （Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5）. As the upper ocean warms up, the TCHP of the global ocean is projected to increase by 140.6% in the 21st century under the RCP4.5 （＋4.5 W m 2 Representative Concentration Pathway） scenario, The increase is particularly significant in the western Pacific, northwestern Indian and western tropical Atlantic oceans. The increase of TCHP results from the ocean temperature warming above the depth of the 26~C isotherm （D26）, the deepening of D26, and the horizontal area expansion of SST above 26~C. Their contributions are 69.4%, 22.5% and 8.1%, respectively. Further, a suite of numerical experiments with an Ocean General Circulation Model （OGCM） is conducted to investigate the relative importance of wind stress and buoyancy forcing to the TCHP change under global warming. Results show that sea surface warming is the dominant forcing for the TCHP change, while wind stress and sea surface salinity change are secondary.

Structure of Grading a Resistor-Heated System of Warm Compaction in Powder Metallurgy

We present the scheme of the structure of grading a resistor-heated system ofwarm compaction in powder metallurgy. The structure has the first heater and the second heater thatare heated by electrical tubes. Powder is heated in turn in the first heater and the second heater,where there is the mass fluidity of powder under gravity. The dimensions of the first heater andthe second heater were calculated from the Fourier equation of heat conduction, and the boundarycondition was constant temperature. The drawings of the first heater, the second heater and thepowder-delivering device were given. The structure of the heat equipment is simple and easy tomanufacture. Finally, an exact warm compaction press system HGWY- II was developed for the heatingsystem.

A preliminary study on an upper ocean heat and salt content of the western Pacific warm pool region

On the basis of Argo profile data of the temperature and salinity from January 2001 to July 2014, the spatial distributions of an upper ocean heat content(OHC) and ocean salt content(OSC) of the western Pacific warm pool(WPWP) region and their seasonal and interannual variations are studied by a cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function(CSEOF) decomposition, a maximum entropy spectral analysis, and a correlation analysis.Probable reasons for variations are discussed. The results show the following.(1) The OHC variations in the subsurface layer of the WPWP are much greater than those in the surface layer. On the contrary, the OSC variations are mainly in the surface layer, while the subsurface layer varies little.(2) Compared with the OSC, the OHC of the WPWP region is more affected by El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) events. The CSEOF analysis shows that the OHC pattern in mode 1 has strong interannual oscillation, with eastern and western parts opposite in phase. The distribution of the OSC has a positive-negative-positive tripole pattern. Time series analysis shows that the OHC has three phase adjustments with the occurrence of ENSO events after 2007, while the OSC only had one such adjustment during the same period. Further analysis indicates that the OHC variations are mainly caused by ENSO events, local winds, and zonal currents, whereas the OSC variations are caused by much more complex reasons. Two of these, the zonal current and a freshwater flux, have a positive feedback on the OSC change in the WPWP region.

Subseasonal transition of Barents-Kara sea-ice anomalies in winter related to the reversed warm Arctic-cold Eurasia pattern

“暖北极-冷欧亚”模态(WACE)的次季节反转会触发中国东部冬季的极端冷/暖转换以及春季沙尘暴.在这一显著的高纬度大气模态反转的驱动下,巴伦支海-喀拉海(BKS)的海冰异常也表现出次季节转换.当北极变暖以及乌拉尔山高压增强时,BKS异常向下的湍流热通量和增强的向下红外辐射有利于海冰融化;近地面的异常偏南风使海冰从薄冰区向多年冰区漂移,进一步扩大了开阔洋面.相反的机制出现在WACE反位相,导致BKS海冰异常偏多.当WACE次季节反转时,上述机制分别发生在前冬和后冬,使得BKS海冰异常出现显著的次季节转换.近10年随着WACE反转频率增多,BKS海冰前后冬的次季节变化增强.本文构建了WACE次季节反转的综合示意图,有助于更好地理解和预测中国东部极端气候.

辽河平原稻区粳稻耐热性综合评价

以辽河平原稻区适宜种植的20个粳稻品种为试验材料,采用农田开放式增温系统模拟增温。于水稻收获风干后测定有效穗数(X_(1))、每穗粒数(X_(2))、结实率(X_(3))、千粒重(X_(4))、产量(X_(5))、糙米率(X_(6))、精米率(X_(7))、蛋白质含量(X_(8))、直链淀粉含量(X_(9))和食味值(X_(10))指标,对比增温处理下不同粳稻品种10个性状指标的耐热系数,采用多元统计分析方法综合评价其耐热性,为建立有效的耐热评价体系提供依据。结果表明:除食味值外,增温处理使其他9个性状指标显著或极显著降低;基于耐热系数相关性分析表明,水稻性状各指标间存在不同程度的相关性,应用主成分分析将10个单项指标降维转化为4个相互独立的综合指标,其贡献率分别为34.816%、19.265%、15.636%和10.605%,累计贡献率达80.322%;利用隶属函数法计算耐热性综合评价值(D_(i)值),D_(i)值越大代表耐热性越强,‘盐粳456’耐热性最强,‘沈农016’耐热性最差;20个粳稻品种按耐热性强弱可划分为3类,第Ⅰ类为耐热型7个品种,第Ⅱ类为中度耐热型6个品种,第Ⅲ类为热敏感型7个品种。

热浪胁迫对松墨天牛繁殖特性的影响

【目的】松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus是我国南方松林重要蛀干害虫,也是松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus病的主要媒介昆虫。探究热浪(heat wave)事件对松墨天牛繁殖特性的影响,可为全球气候变暖背景下其种群动态和松材线虫病流行规律的预测预报提供理论依据。【方法】对松墨天牛16日龄成虫进行模拟热浪处理(40℃持续72 h),随后将其置于室温(25℃)交配产卵,每周为1个观测周期,统计成虫的单雌日均产卵量、卵长、卵历期和孵化率等生殖参数及子代幼虫体重的变化规律。【结果】热浪处理组单雌日均产卵量与对照组无显著差异。热浪处理组卵长在第1个观测周期内比对照组短0.09 mm,第2个观测周期以后反超并一直长于对照组。热浪处理组卵历期在第1个观测周期内比对照组长1.16 d,第2个观测周期内即与对照组相同,并在此后短于对照组。热浪处理组卵孵化率由91.83%下降至63.04%,直至第4个观测周期才恢复至与对照组水平。从子代幼虫体重来看,无论初孵幼虫体重如何变化,饲养28 d后热浪处理组与对照组子代幼虫体重均会达到同一水平。【结论】实验室内模拟单次热浪事件短期会对松墨天牛的生殖参数产生负面影响,但随着热浪胁迫解除松墨天牛成虫的繁殖能力能在较短时间内恢复,通常在7 d后即可恢复至正常水平,甚至得到一定的促进,对热浪胁迫表现出“毒物兴奋”响应。推测在气候变暖条件下,松墨天牛仍能在原分布区保持较高的种群密度。

在线接触加热的高强钢板自由温折弯成形工艺研究

针对普通热成形工艺难以用于高强钢折弯等常见局部成形的现状,以NM450TP耐磨高强钢为研究对象,利用实验和数值模拟研究了基于局部在线接触加热的自由温折弯成形新方法,探讨了NM450TP材料的温成形特性、接触加热热传导行为以及温折弯变形等问题。结果表明,通过对坯料折弯变形区的局部、精确接触加热,NM450TP板自由温折弯性能得到了大幅提升,有效避免了自由温折弯的开裂。该方法具有模具结构简单、易于实现和加热效率高等优点,可为难变形材料的局部自由折弯温成形提供借鉴。

穴位贴敷联合综合护理在风温肺热型肺炎患者中的应用效果分析

目的:分析穴位贴敷联合综合护理在风温肺热型肺炎患者中的应用效果。方法:选择2022年1月—2023年1月泰兴市中医院收治的89例风温肺热型肺炎患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为综合组(n=45)、参照组(n=44)。参照组采用穴位贴敷联合常规护理,综合组采用穴位贴敷联合综合护理。对比两组干预效果。结果:综合组护理总有效率高于参照组(P<0.05)。干预前,两组中医症状积分对比,无统计学差异(P>0.05);干预1周后,两组中医症状积分降低,且综合组低于参照组(P<0.05)。综合组咳嗽消失时间、体温恢复正常时间、肺部啰音消失时间早于参照组(P<0.05)。结论:穴位贴敷联合综合护理在风温肺热型肺炎患者中的应用效果显著,可改善护理效果,减轻患者症状,加快患者康复。

西太平洋暖池海洋热浪在2020~2022三年拉尼娜事件爆发背景下的演变特征、爆发机制及其影响研究

在全球变暖的影响下,持续增长的海洋热浪事件(marine heat waves,MHW)对气候系统和社会经济产生了严重影响,其中西太平洋暖池区域是MHW特征显著变化的典型区域。本文基于已建立的MHW高分辨率数据、美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)提供的大气海洋再分析资料、美国宇航局(NASA)Aqua卫星和生物地球化学Argo浮标提供的叶绿素-a浓度资料,利用统计分析和奇异值分解(SVD)等方法,探讨了2020~2022年西太平洋暖池MHW的演变特征、爆发机制及其生态影响。结果表明,西太平洋暖池MHW的爆发频率和强度等在近30年显著增加,其特征属性的变化与连续La Ni?a事件的爆发密切相关。尤其在2020~2022年连续三年La Ni?a事件背景下,西太平洋暖池区MHW爆发频次达到全球最高,且其覆盖面积、爆发频次、总天数、累积强度均是1982年以来最显著的。通过对西太平洋暖池区域混合层热收支的分析,2020~2022年期间MHW爆发主要是净海表热通量中的向下短波辐射项和海洋动力过程中的纬向平流项共同主导。此外,研究也揭示了在西太平洋暖池区域,MHW与海洋生态指标叶绿素-a浓度时空尺度上呈现负相关协同变化的特征,尤其是2020~2022年的MHW事件使该区域海洋上层浮游生物量整体呈显著下降趋势。

电热砭石热熨技术在改善老年患者脾肾阳虚型功能性便秘中的应用

目的:评价电热砭石热熨技术改善老年患者脾肾阳虚型功能性便秘的效果,为缓解其便秘症状、提升生活质量提供参考。方法:便利选取2023年7月至2024年2月在北京市某三级甲等中医医院收治的老年脾肾阳虚型功能性便秘患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=29)和实验组(n=29),对照组给予健康指导及腹部按摩,实验组给予健康指导及电热砭石热熨治疗。采用便秘患者症状自评量表(PAC-SYM)、Bristol粪便性状评分(BSFS)、患者便秘状况评估量表(PAC-QOL)对患者进行评定,同时记录干预前后两组患者每周排便次数,观察排便频次改善情况。结果:干预前后两组PAC-SYM、BSFS、PAC-QOL得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且实验组患者排便次数干预前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组患者干预后PAC-SYM、BSFS、PAC-QOL评分、排便次数均优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:电热砭石热熨技术能够明显改善老年患者脾肾阳虚型功能性便秘症状,使排便次数增加,提高老年患者生活质量。

金银花在温病各阶段的运用探析——以“银翘散”“银翘白虎汤”“清营汤”为例

通过以《温热论》、《温病条辨》等温病学著作为基础,以银翘散、银翘白虎汤、清营汤三个经典方剂为例,探讨金银花在温病各阶段治疗用药规律,其在不同方剂中具有不同作用与配伍意义.金银花具有疏散风热、清热解毒的功效,在温病临床发展各阶段均展现其特有特点.银翘散在卫分证治疗中体现金银花疏透外表之邪、易于解肌的功效.银翘白虎汤在气分证治疗中发挥金银花清脏腑热,尤其是清心肺之热的作用.清营汤在营血分证治疗中发挥了其清热凉血的作用.初步总结金银花在温病各阶段的运用规律,以期指导临床用药,开拓临床思路,助力中医药“传承精华,守正创新”.

全球变暖背景下高温热浪对飞机起飞性能的影响

在全球变暖的背景下,高温热浪事件显著增多且对飞机性能的影响日益显著。利用机场气象站点观测数据、通用地球系统模式版本2(CESM2,community earth system model version 2)和波音性能软件(BPS,Boeing performance software)分析了中国1973—2022年期间机场高温热浪发生的趋势,并定量评估了未来高温热浪事件对B737-800飞机最大起飞重量和起飞滑跑距离的影响。结果表明,1973—2022年期间平原机场纬度越低,高温日数上升趋势越明显,高温热浪事件在1989年后显著增多,而高原机场在此期间未发生高温热浪事件;2096—2100年期间4个机场的飞机最大起飞重量全部受到高温影响的限制,相较于2010—2014年减载天数明显增多,其中高原机场受影响程度最大;当飞机满载飞行时,飞机在3个平原机场的起飞滑跑距离随温度升高并呈非线性变化,温度越高,增长趋势越明显。该结论可为未来改造或新建机场跑道及航空公司制定飞行计划提供重要的参考依据。