Screening of Epstein-Barr Virus Early Antigen Expression Inducers from Chinese Medicinal Herbs and Plants

Ether extrilcls of 1693 Chinesc medicinal herbs and plilnts from 268 families werestudied for the induction of Epstcin-Barr viral (EBV ) early antigcn (EA ) expression in theRaji cell line. Fifty-two from 18 families were found to have inducing activity. Twenty-fiveand seven of them were from Euphorbiaccae and Thymclaeaceae, respectively. Some ofthem, such as Croton tiglium, Euphorbia kansui, Daphnc genkwa, Wikstrocmia chamacdaphen, Wikstroemia indica, Prunus mandshurica Koehne and Achyranthes bidentata arecommonly used drugs. The significance of these herbs in the activation of EBV in vivo andtheir relation to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were discussed.

Research on Southern Herbs and Li Medical Plants in Hainan

The current situation, development advantages and presenting problems of southern herbs and Li medical plants in Hainan Province were analyzed in this pa-per. ln addition, some ideas and solutions were proposed, providing a reference to government departments and investors.

Study on the Ground Cover Plant in Tibetan Herb Garden

This paper conducts a comprehensive survey of the ground cover plant in Tibetan herb garden for the first time using " five-point sampling method". Survey results show that:(i) A total of 46 families,95 genera,119 species of ground cover plants in herb garden are applied in Tibet,and Asteraceae,Gramineae,Leguminosae,Labiatae,Iridaceae and Liliaceae are used most,with the species number of 22,15,8,7,6 and 5,respectively,accounting for 18. 49%,12. 61%,6. 72%,5. 88%,5. 04% and 4. 20% of the plants surveyed,respectively.(ii) In terms of importance value for the herbaceous layer,the top three plants are Poa pratensis L.,Festuca arundinace and Lolium multiflorum L.,with the importance value of 45. 950,34. 610 and 29. 880,respectively; in terms of importance value for the non-turf ground cover herb plants,the top three plants are Trifolium L.,Cosmos bipinnata Cav. and Althaea rosea(Linn.) Cavan.,with the importance value of4. 372,3. 437 and 2. 062,respectively.(iii) The overall level of greening is low and uneven in the region,with large regional differences. In terms of ground cover plant abundance,Nyingchi > Lhasa > Shannan > Changdu > Xigaze > Ali > Nagqu.

Growth inhibition of human acute lymphoblastic CCRF-CEM leukemia cells by medicinal plants of the West-Canadian Gwich’in Native Americans

The Gwich’in,which belong to the Athapaskan language group of Native Americans live in the borderland between Alaska and Canada.We analyzed 29 medicinal plants of this tribe for their growth inhibitory activity against CCRF-CEM T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL)cells.The anti-leukemic activity of these plants has not been investigated as yet.Considering the poor cure rates of some ALL forms,there might be a great potential for medicinal plants as resource for natural products to treat T-ALL.We found that the hexane extracts of three plants revealed considerable growth inhibition on CCRF-CEM cells.The 50%inhibition concentrations(IC50)were 6.63±0.03μg/ml for Cladina mitis,8.65±0.38μg/ml for Picea mariana(needles),and 9.67±1.36μg/ml for Artemisia frigida.Further investigations are required to isolate the active constituents of these plants.

An Overview of the Use of Medicinal Plants in Regenerative Dentistry

Aim: The oral cavity has the particularity to host multiple hard and soft tissues, in this paper, we will discuss the current therapies that lead to cell differentiation by regenerative therapies and the future alternatives proposed by medicinal plants and all the regenerative potential of these different tissues. Material and Methods: A detailed review of the literature through the various search engines: Scopus, PubMed, google scholar, Cochrane, etc., uses the selected keywords to explore the effect of the regenerative potential of several medicinal plants. Results: Through our research, we have proceeded to sort different medicinal plants, according to their repairing and regenerative potential on the different tissues of the oral cavity. Conclusion: Future studies are conceivable to explore the opportunities and potential provided by medicinal plants in the field of regenerative dentistry.

Screening for anti-pancreatic lipase properties of 28 traditional Thai medicinal herbs

Objective:To screen the effect of 28 medicinal plants on inhibition of pancreatic lipase and evaluate the phytochemical contents of extracts.Methods:The ethanolic extracts of 28 traditional Thai herbal medicines were assayed for their in vitro activities against porcine pancreatic lipase using p-nitrophenyl butyrate as a substrate.Quantitative estimation of flavonoids,phenolics,and alkaloids was done.Results:Extracts from four herbs,Memecylon edule Roxb.,Garcinia vilersiana Pierre,Cryptolepis elegans Wall.and Phyllanthus chamaepeuce Ridl.,at a concentration of100 mg/m L,strongly inhibited porcine pancreatic lipase by 90.97%,92.04%,94.64%and95.38%,respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between phenolic content and inhibition activity.Inhibition activity was significantly correlated with flavonoid and with alkaloid contents.Conclusions:From this result,it could be concluded that herbs represent a rich of antipancreatic lipase compounds,in particular,Cryptolepis elegans Wall.and Phyllanthus chamaepeuce Ridl.It is suggested that the phytochemical compounds from these plants may be applied for the prevention and treatment of obesity or hyperlipidemia.

Application of herbal rectal suppositories beyond intestinal disorders in Persian medicine

Background: Herbal rectal suppositories (RSs) were prescribed not only as a drug delivery system but also as a storing method in Persian medicine. According to the record of ancient references, RSs were clinically administered for diarrhea, constipation, colitis, ascites, dysentery and intestinal parasites, sciatic, lower back pain and joint aches, fever, kidney disease and as an aphrodisiac. Objectives: The aim of this study is to categorize and review different types of RSs, their main herbal components and to find evidence to elucidate their clinical administration. Results: In this study, 7 manuscripts were studied to extract and categorize 11 types of herbal rectal suppositorie (RS) formulations, their ingredients and therapeutic indications. Furthermore, the Persian and scientific names of 43 herbs and their temperaments were mentioned in this study. Hence, ancient therapeutic indications of herbs used in RS formulations as well as their proven effects have been studied, which makes it possible to compare ancient and proven indications of medicinal plants used as ingredients of RSs. Conclusions: In modern medicine, RSs are mostly used for anorectic disorders. However in traditional Persian medicine, they were commonly used not only for anorectic and intestinal diseases, but also as an aphrodisiac, an agent for healing joint, sciatic pain and lumbago, an anti-fever, and an anti-ascites. Other implications of this study could be producing new insights of utilizing herbal RSs in diseases and disorders beyond anorectic and intestinal disorders.

桂南不同造林模式对植物物种组成和多样性特征的影响

[目的]摸清不同造林模式林下植物多样性特征及变化规律,为探寻科学、合理的人工林种植模式提供理论依据。[方法]以广西藤县3种常见造林模式林(纯林、混交林、人工-天然混交林)为研究对象,采用典型取样法,对林下灌木层、草本层从植物种类、物种多样性指数和相似性关系等方面进行分析。[结果]纯林、混交林和人工-天然混交林灌木层和草本层的物种数分别为33、36、29种和32、29、9种。3种造林模式灌木层优势植物种为玉叶金花和地稔,混交林和人工-天然混交林草本层优势种为铁芒萁,求米草为纯林优势种。灌木层物种多样性指数均以人工-天然混交林最高,纯林最低,除均匀度指数外,Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和丰富度指数在人工-天然混交林和纯林间存在显著差异(P<0.05),草本层物种多样性在不同造林模式间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。灌木层、草本层物种相似性系数均普遍较低。[结论]混交林和人工-天然混交林物种多样性高,是未来林地经营培育的方向。

植物精油的提取方法及防治畜禽外寄生虫的研究进展

近年来,随着养殖业的迅猛发展,各种畜禽疾病也随之增加,畜禽外寄生虫病就是其中之一。使用化学类药物是防治畜禽外寄生虫的主要措施,但随着使用时间的延长,药物残留及耐药性的产生迫使人们开始寻求安全有效的化学类药物替代品。在当今限抗、禁抗的背景下,中药因具有绿色安全、环保、不易产生耐药性等特点被广泛关注,其中植物精油的替抗作用逐步被认可。本文就植物精油在防治畜禽外寄生虫的作用机制及精油的提取方法等研究进展进行综述,旨在为进一步研发抗虫中药制剂提供参考。

贵州太子参生产全程机械化技术现状及对策

太子参是贵州的道地药材,经过20年的发展,形成了集约化、规范化的种植模式,种植面积全国第一。但贵州太子参多种植于丘陵山地,受地形地貌和发展基础的影响,生产作业费时费力、效率低、机械化难度大。通过查阅文献及实地考察,结合贵州太子参的典型种植农艺与初加工工艺,简述了太子参全链条生产技术,分析了耕、种、管、收、初加工5个环节的机械化技术现状,指出太子参生产机械化存在的主要问题。基于此,提出太子参生产全程机械化对策建议,包括推行标准化种植,推动农机农艺融合及种植区宜机化改造;加大山地太子参块根播种、收获、去尾、分级等关键技术的研发力度,加强农机技术型人才培养,加快轻简型太子参播种机和收获机的研制,升级改造已有初加工机械设备,形成适度的初加工生产线。分析结果可为贵州太子参可持续性发展提供参考。

《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版收录的中药材与中药制剂的系统分析

对2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)收录的药材和饮片数量、药材与饮片基原物种数与入药部位、成方制剂和单方制剂的数量及组成进行统计和分析,结果载入网站(http://itcm.hzau.edu.cn/yd/zgyd.htm)供参考查询。分析显示:(1)《中国药典》(一部)共收录616种药材与饮片以及47种植物油脂与提取物。616种药材和饮片按其来源可分为植物类、动物类、矿物质类、微生物类、人工合成或配置原料类、人源制品、兼具动物与植物来源类等。47种植物油脂与提取物中,46种为以植物来源制成的药材,剩余1种为动物来源,即水牛角浓缩粉。(2)616种药材和饮片中,有421种(占比73.60%)药材源于单一的基原物种,96种(占比16.78%)药材具有2种基原,40种(占比6.99%)药材具有3种基原,11种(占比1.92%)药材具有4种基原,2种(占比0.35%)药材具有5种基原,2种(占比0.35%)药材具有6种基原。47种植物油脂与提取物中,有34种具有单一基原,基原数为2和3的植物油脂与提取物各有5种。(3)《中国药典》(一部)共收录1605种成方和单方制剂。除未公布组成的云南白药和云南白药胶囊外,其余1603种复方制剂和单方制剂一共涉及14329种药材。2020年版《中国药典》成方和单方制剂使用频次最多的前20种药材为甘草、当归、茯苓、川芎、黄芩、白芍、黄芪、陈皮、地黄、白术、丹参、冰片、桔梗、大黄、熟地黄、木香、红花、麦冬、党参以及白芷。结果提示2020年版《中国药典》亦存在药材饮片与处方药材不完全对应、炮制品收录不完整等问题。通过系统分析《中国药典》收录中药材的总体信息及其与处方间的相互关系,可为进一步研究中药材生产与完善处方药材的记录提供参考。

城镇生活污泥焚烧炉渣用于草本种植试验初探

为提高城镇生活污泥焚烧炉渣资源化利用率,文章探究了污泥焚烧炉渣用于草本种植的可行性。首先对炉渣的基本理化性质、重金属及养分等进行测定,对照相关标准,判断其用于草本种植的可能性。然后以不同掺渣率的土壤作为种植土,对3种常用绿化草本开展盆栽试验,研究炉渣掺入比例对草本生长的影响。结果表明,污泥焚烧炉渣中有机质及速效氮、有效磷和速效钾质量分数分别达到(14.6±0.3)g/kg及(46.7±1.5)、(80.5±3.1)、(410±18)mg/kg,营养成分丰富,且理化性质适宜,重金属含量满足要求,能够用于草本种植。土壤最佳掺渣率为20%,此时3种草本的生长和发芽情况明显优于空白组(不掺渣),土壤的保水性和持水性明显改善,且炉渣的掺入对土壤重金属无明显影响,能够满足草本种植限值需要。

贵州省册亨县野生药用植物资源多样性研究与综合价值评价

目的:为了分析册亨县野生药用植物资源的多样性与综合价值。方法:采用“样地+样线”调查法对该地野生药用资源进行调查,结合文献分析其资源的多样性与综合价值(CVMP)。结果:册亨县野生药用植物有495种,隶属128科356属,主要由大型科和中型科构成,以多年生草本植物最多,其中根及根茎、全草作为主要入药部位,有蕴藏量的有22科29属29种,其中综合价值高的物种有21种。结论:册亨县野生药用植物资源多样性丰富、综合价值高。

几种中草药提取物对植物病原菌的抗菌活性研究

以苹果炭疽病菌、梨黑星病菌、番茄枯萎病菌为供试病菌 ,对 7种中草药 95 %乙醇的提取物进行抑菌活性筛选研究。结果表明 ,中草药蛇床子、虎仗对苹果炭疽病菌、番茄枯萎病菌有较好的抑制作用 ,其对番茄枯萎病菌的 EC50 分别为 0 .881 7g/ L、0 .4696g/ L,对苹果炭疽病菌的 EC50 分别为 0 .80 46g/ L、0 .3 877g/ L。

城市野生草本植物种类构成的特征——以宁波市为例

城市野生草本植物物种丰富,在全球城市化的背景下,对城市生物多样性、生态系统健康与环境质量具有重要作用。为剖析城市野生草本植物的种类结构特征,通过分层随机抽样法调查宁波市野生草本植物及立地条件,分析多样性、来源、区系等植物种类结构特征,并通过方差分析、独立样本t检验、LSD多重比较等方法计算不同立地条件下样方植物多样性的差异显著性。结果显示:(1)宁波市野生草本植物物种丰富,60个样方中共记录到野生草本植物48科101属127种;(2)植物地理区系分布广泛,涉及12个地理区类型和4个地理区系变型,其中泛热带分布属的比例最高,占总属数的30.8%;(3)乡土植物占调查植物的大多数,占总种数的89.9%、总盖度的83.3%、总株数的83.3%;(4)多年生与一年生草本是主要的生活类型,占总种数的73.4%;(5)优势种具有明显的优势性,种的频度分布曲线显示,高频植物种仅占少数,频度1.0%以内的低频植物种类则占到81.1%;(6)立地条件因子的分析结果,仅Pilou均匀度指数和Patrick丰富度指数在不同土地利用类型间具有显著差异性。文章系统剖析了宁波市城市野生草本植物的种类结构特征,揭示了土地利用类型等因素的潜在影响作用,可为城市规划及设计过程中保护野生草本植物以提高城市植物多样性、保护城市生态系统提供参考。

鼎湖山森林群落多样性垂直分布格局的研究

根据鼎湖山10 m×1 200 m的植物固定样带调查,沿海拔梯度对植物群落分布格局及生物多样性特性进行了分析。结果表明,本固定样带有3个森林类型,5个群落类型,构成一演替序列,但在垂直梯度上有交错现象。生物多样性指数为:乔木层,中生性阔叶林>针阔混交林>阳生性阔叶林;草本层,针阔混交林>阔叶林。阳性草本植物为主的草本群大部分生长在阳性树种为主的阔叶林和针阔混交林下,但是林下微环境变化对草本层植物优势度的影响也较大,以耐荫植物为主的草本群在阳性树种为主的阔叶林和针阔混交林也有分布,表明相同群落类型林下小环境的变化。

92种野生和栽培植物或中草药的提取物杀灭钉螺筛选试验

目的 评估某些野生或栽培植物与中草药提取物的杀螺效果 ,筛选植物源灭螺药。方法 样品的提取分别采用热水抽提、有机溶剂提取和水与有机溶剂混合相提取法。室内浸泡法进行提取物的杀螺效果初筛试验 ;菜籽饼提取物小规模现场试验采用浸泡法。结果 用浓度为 10 0 mg/L的源自油菜、知母、决明、鱼眼菊、土茯苓等 5种植物的提取物浸杀钉螺 48h(2 5℃ ) ,死亡率为 92 .8%-10 0 % ;土牛膝、川乌、醉鱼草、商陆等 40种植物的提取物 ,在浓度为 5 0 0 mg/L 或 10 0 0 mg/L、浸泡 48h(2 5℃ )条件下 ,钉螺死亡率为 5 0 % -10 0 % ;其余 47种植物的提取物在浓度为 5 0 0 mg/L 或10 0 0 mg/L、浸泡 48h(2 5℃ )条件下 ,钉螺死亡率均小于 49%。菜籽饼提取物粗品在浓度为 10 0 0mg/L下 ,小规模现场浸泡 2 4、48h和 72 h,钉螺死亡率分别为 18%、84%和 92 % ,同样试验条件下未出现试验鱼苗死亡。结论 获得了 5种具有较高杀螺效果的候选植物 。

128种南药植物提取物对6种病原菌的生长抑制作用

以水稻稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae Cav.)、香蕉枯萎病菌[(Fusarium oxysporum sp.cubense(E.F.Smith)Syn.et Han)]、香蕉炭疽病菌[Colletotrichum musae(Berk&Curt)Arx]、杧果炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides PenZ)、辣椒炭疽病菌[Colletotrichum capsici(syd.)Butl.]和西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)6种病原菌为供试菌种,对47科128种南药植物的丙酮提取物进行室内抑菌活性试验。结果表明:有36种植物提取物对6种病原菌菌丝生长抑制率在60%以上;22种植物提取物对至少4种病原菌菌丝生长抑制率在80%以上;经方差分析,荜茇、艾纳香、白背叶、香茅、阴香、九里香、花椒、高良姜、益智、山柰、姜等11种植物提取物的抑菌效果与化学农药0.5mg/mL施保功的抑菌效果差异不显著。

黄山风景区旅游干扰对植物群落草本层的影响

采用平均高度、平均盖度,平均物种数等单项指标及物种丰富度指数,物种多样性指数和重要值等综合指标分析了不同干扰强度对草本层植物高度,盖度,物种多样性及物种组成的影响。结果表明:旅游干扰对草本层高度的影响明显,游径边缘干扰强度最大地段草本层植物高度明显降低;旅游干扰对草本层盖度影响不明显,虽然随干扰强度的降低,草本层盖度有所上升,但不同干扰强度下盖度差异并不显著;旅游干扰增加了物种的多样性,游径边缘干扰强度最大地段物种数最多;同时干扰也对草本层物种组成产生了一定影响,随干扰强度增加,耐践踏植物及伴人植物比例增加。旅游干扰对植物群落草本层植被影响的空间范围大约在距游径10 m以内。

中草药和天然植物有效成分提取新技术——微波协助萃取

中草药和天然植物有效成分的提取分离是天然药物生产过程中最为关键的环节之一。近年来 ,随着中药现代化进程的加速 ,越来越多的新技术正被逐步采用 ,其中 ,微波协助萃取 (microwave assistedextraction ,MAE)是在传统有机溶剂萃取的基础上发展而来的 ,无论是萃取速度、萃取效率还是萃取物质量均优于常规工艺 ,并以其投资少、设备简单、适用范围广、选择性高、重现性好、无污染等特点而受人瞩目。作者综述了MAE技术的作用原理、特点及其在黄酮类、苷类、多糖、萜类、挥发油等天然产物提取中的最新研究进展 ,并展望了其发展前景。