A new geometric model of Multiaxial Warp-Knitted (MWK) performs, which is based on the experimental observations and analysis of basic stitch, is developed to relate the geometric parameters and process variables. The...A new geometric model of Multiaxial Warp-Knitted (MWK) performs, which is based on the experimental observations and analysis of basic stitch, is developed to relate the geometric parameters and process variables. The fiber volume fraction and fibre orientation of MWK reinforced composites are described in terms of structural and processing parameters in the model. And this model provides a basis for the prediction of mechanical behavior of the MWK reinforced composites.展开更多
Warp is a nonlinear viscoelastic material. The loom efficiency was reduced considerably by the increase of the frequency of weak places in the warp. Warp should vibrate with low-frequency to reduce the friction times....Warp is a nonlinear viscoelastic material. The loom efficiency was reduced considerably by the increase of the frequency of weak places in the warp. Warp should vibrate with low-frequency to reduce the friction times. The objective of this research was to establish the transverse/longitudinal vibration differential equations of warp and analyze the fluctuation process of warp movement by nonlinear method. Based on variable separation method, the time variable was separated from space variable, and the numerical solutions of vibration equations were obtained by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Finally, the influencing factors and variable trends on warp vibration were discussed. The methods on control warp vibration were introduced, which could guide the engineering practice. The most important way to reduce warp vibration is quick adjustment of warp tension.展开更多
In this study,3D computer modeling of simple warp-knitted structures is achieved based on 3D model of warp-knitted loops.Firstly, according to the studying on the geometric structure of warp-knitted loops, Gktepe...In this study,3D computer modeling of simple warp-knitted structures is achieved based on 3D model of warp-knitted loops.Firstly, according to the studying on the geometric structure of warp-knitted loops, Gktepe's 3D solid yarn model is developed,and the dimensions of the warp-knitted loops are obtained;then 3D models of stitch defined by eleven given points and in-lay defined by five given points are built with the method of Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) curves and surfaces.Secondly, according to the chain notations of warp-knitted structures,the loop's shape can be decided, and with the 3D models the loops can be connected freely and smoothly in some special warp-knitted structures,such as miss-lapping and two-course in-lay. At last, with the tools of Visual C++ and OpenGL, computer 3D simulation of two-bar warp-knitted fabrics is successfully realized,taking the factor of fabric light and materials into 3D structural model.展开更多
In order to improve the adaptability of the tracked vehicle in the road and strengthen the grip of the tracked vehicle, a track surface adaptive mechanism was provided. In theory, it has been proved practically. Meanw...In order to improve the adaptability of the tracked vehicle in the road and strengthen the grip of the tracked vehicle, a track surface adaptive mechanism was provided. In theory, it has been proved practically. Meanwhile, RecurDyn, which is a multi-body kinematics software, was used to build a multi-body soft hybrid model, based on structure, elasticity, linear damping adaptive tracked vehicle;meanwhile the model was used to carry on the kinematics simulation. Through the comparison between simulated motion trail and that of traditional motion trail, this paper analyzed the deviation of the motion trail and also simulated the motion trail of the warped surface so as to test the adaptive ability of the mechanism. According to the results, the adaptive mechanism was equipped with great surface adaptability. It can also adapt to the complex warped surface, and enjoy a damping effect.展开更多
The recently discovered alignment of quasar polarizations on very large scales could possibly be explained by considering cosmic strings on a warped five dimensional spacetime. Compact objects, such as cosmic strings,...The recently discovered alignment of quasar polarizations on very large scales could possibly be explained by considering cosmic strings on a warped five dimensional spacetime. Compact objects, such as cosmic strings, could have tremendous mass in the bulk, while their warped manifestations in the brane can be consistent with general relativity in 4D. The self-gravitating cosmic string induces gravitational wavelike disturbances which could have effects felt on the brane, i.e., the massive effective 4D modes (Kaluza-Klein modes) of the perturbative 5D graviton. This effect is amplified by the time dependent part of the warp factor. Due to this warp factor, disturbances don’t fade away during the expansion of the universe. From a nonlinear perturbation analysis it is found that the effective Einstein 4D equations on an axially symmetric spacetime, contain a “back-reaction” term on the righthand side caused by the projected 5D Weyl tensor and can act as a dark energy term. The propagation equations to first order for the metric components and scalar-gauge fields contain -dependent terms, so the approximate wave solutions are no longer axially symmetric. The disturbances, amplified by the warp factor, can possess extremal values for fixed polar angles. This could explain the two preferred polarization vectors mod .展开更多
We find an azimuthal-angle dependent approximate wave like solution to second order on a warped five-dimensional manifold with a self-gravitating U(1) scalar gauge field (cosmic string) on the brane using the multiple...We find an azimuthal-angle dependent approximate wave like solution to second order on a warped five-dimensional manifold with a self-gravitating U(1) scalar gauge field (cosmic string) on the brane using the multiple-scale method. The spectrum of the several orders of approximation show maxima of the energy distribution dependent on the azimuthal-angle and the winding numbers n of the subsequent orders of scalar field. This breakup of the quantized flux quanta does not lead to instability of the asymptotic wavelike solution, due to the suppression of the n-dependency in the energy mo-mentum tensor components by the warp factor. This effect is triggered by the contribution of the five dimensional Weyl tensor on the brane. This con-tribution can be understood as dark energy and can trigger the self-acceleration of the universe without the need of a cosmological constant. There is a striking relation between the symmetry breaking of the Higgs field described by the winding number and the SO(2) breaking of the axially symmetric configuration into a discrete subgroup of rotations about 180°. The discrete sequence of non-axially symmetric deviations, cancelled by the emission of gravitational waves in order to restore the SO(2) symmetry, triggers the pressure Tzz for discrete values of the azimuthal-angle. There can be a possible relation between the recently discovered angle-preferences of polarization axes of quasars on large scales and our theoretical predicted angle-dependency and can be an evidence for the existence of cosmic strings. The discovery of the increase of polarization rate in smaller subgroups of the several large-quasar groups (LQGs), the red shift dependency and the relative orientation of the spin axes with respect to the major axes of their host LQGs, point at a fractional azimuthal structure, were also found in our cosmic string model. This peculiar discontinuous large scale structure, i.e., polarizations directions of multiples of, for example, π/2 orπ/4, can be explained by the spectrum of azimuthal-angle dependent wavelike modes without the need of conventional density perturbations in standard 4D cosmological models. Carefully com-parison of the spectrum of extremal values of the first and second order φ-dependency and the distribution of the alignment of the quasar polarizations is necessary. This can be accomplished when more observational data become available.展开更多
锂离子电池工作温度及老化程度是影响其荷电状态(State of Charge,SOC)估计算法准确性的关键因素.在二阶RC等效电路模型的基础上,提出了一种由动态时间规整算法(Dynamic Time Warping,DTW)与KiBaM模型(Kinetic Battery Model,KiBaM)相...锂离子电池工作温度及老化程度是影响其荷电状态(State of Charge,SOC)估计算法准确性的关键因素.在二阶RC等效电路模型的基础上,提出了一种由动态时间规整算法(Dynamic Time Warping,DTW)与KiBaM模型(Kinetic Battery Model,KiBaM)相结合的混合模型.利用DTW算法基于充电电压数据确定电池老化状态,通过KiBaM模型计算电池由于电流效应导致的不可用容量,结合二阶RC等效电路模型推导新的SOC计算矩阵,采用无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(Unscented Kalman Filter,UKF)实现SOC估计.基于城市道路循环工况(Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule,UDDS)验证了混合模型的准确性,实验结果表明,在10℃低温环境或经过200次循环老化后工作的锂离子电池,模型估计SOC的最大误差小于2%.展开更多
文摘A new geometric model of Multiaxial Warp-Knitted (MWK) performs, which is based on the experimental observations and analysis of basic stitch, is developed to relate the geometric parameters and process variables. The fiber volume fraction and fibre orientation of MWK reinforced composites are described in terms of structural and processing parameters in the model. And this model provides a basis for the prediction of mechanical behavior of the MWK reinforced composites.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(No. 09JK456)
文摘Warp is a nonlinear viscoelastic material. The loom efficiency was reduced considerably by the increase of the frequency of weak places in the warp. Warp should vibrate with low-frequency to reduce the friction times. The objective of this research was to establish the transverse/longitudinal vibration differential equations of warp and analyze the fluctuation process of warp movement by nonlinear method. Based on variable separation method, the time variable was separated from space variable, and the numerical solutions of vibration equations were obtained by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Finally, the influencing factors and variable trends on warp vibration were discussed. The methods on control warp vibration were introduced, which could guide the engineering practice. The most important way to reduce warp vibration is quick adjustment of warp tension.
文摘In this study,3D computer modeling of simple warp-knitted structures is achieved based on 3D model of warp-knitted loops.Firstly, according to the studying on the geometric structure of warp-knitted loops, Gktepe's 3D solid yarn model is developed,and the dimensions of the warp-knitted loops are obtained;then 3D models of stitch defined by eleven given points and in-lay defined by five given points are built with the method of Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) curves and surfaces.Secondly, according to the chain notations of warp-knitted structures,the loop's shape can be decided, and with the 3D models the loops can be connected freely and smoothly in some special warp-knitted structures,such as miss-lapping and two-course in-lay. At last, with the tools of Visual C++ and OpenGL, computer 3D simulation of two-bar warp-knitted fabrics is successfully realized,taking the factor of fabric light and materials into 3D structural model.
文摘In order to improve the adaptability of the tracked vehicle in the road and strengthen the grip of the tracked vehicle, a track surface adaptive mechanism was provided. In theory, it has been proved practically. Meanwhile, RecurDyn, which is a multi-body kinematics software, was used to build a multi-body soft hybrid model, based on structure, elasticity, linear damping adaptive tracked vehicle;meanwhile the model was used to carry on the kinematics simulation. Through the comparison between simulated motion trail and that of traditional motion trail, this paper analyzed the deviation of the motion trail and also simulated the motion trail of the warped surface so as to test the adaptive ability of the mechanism. According to the results, the adaptive mechanism was equipped with great surface adaptability. It can also adapt to the complex warped surface, and enjoy a damping effect.
文摘The recently discovered alignment of quasar polarizations on very large scales could possibly be explained by considering cosmic strings on a warped five dimensional spacetime. Compact objects, such as cosmic strings, could have tremendous mass in the bulk, while their warped manifestations in the brane can be consistent with general relativity in 4D. The self-gravitating cosmic string induces gravitational wavelike disturbances which could have effects felt on the brane, i.e., the massive effective 4D modes (Kaluza-Klein modes) of the perturbative 5D graviton. This effect is amplified by the time dependent part of the warp factor. Due to this warp factor, disturbances don’t fade away during the expansion of the universe. From a nonlinear perturbation analysis it is found that the effective Einstein 4D equations on an axially symmetric spacetime, contain a “back-reaction” term on the righthand side caused by the projected 5D Weyl tensor and can act as a dark energy term. The propagation equations to first order for the metric components and scalar-gauge fields contain -dependent terms, so the approximate wave solutions are no longer axially symmetric. The disturbances, amplified by the warp factor, can possess extremal values for fixed polar angles. This could explain the two preferred polarization vectors mod .
文摘We find an azimuthal-angle dependent approximate wave like solution to second order on a warped five-dimensional manifold with a self-gravitating U(1) scalar gauge field (cosmic string) on the brane using the multiple-scale method. The spectrum of the several orders of approximation show maxima of the energy distribution dependent on the azimuthal-angle and the winding numbers n of the subsequent orders of scalar field. This breakup of the quantized flux quanta does not lead to instability of the asymptotic wavelike solution, due to the suppression of the n-dependency in the energy mo-mentum tensor components by the warp factor. This effect is triggered by the contribution of the five dimensional Weyl tensor on the brane. This con-tribution can be understood as dark energy and can trigger the self-acceleration of the universe without the need of a cosmological constant. There is a striking relation between the symmetry breaking of the Higgs field described by the winding number and the SO(2) breaking of the axially symmetric configuration into a discrete subgroup of rotations about 180°. The discrete sequence of non-axially symmetric deviations, cancelled by the emission of gravitational waves in order to restore the SO(2) symmetry, triggers the pressure Tzz for discrete values of the azimuthal-angle. There can be a possible relation between the recently discovered angle-preferences of polarization axes of quasars on large scales and our theoretical predicted angle-dependency and can be an evidence for the existence of cosmic strings. The discovery of the increase of polarization rate in smaller subgroups of the several large-quasar groups (LQGs), the red shift dependency and the relative orientation of the spin axes with respect to the major axes of their host LQGs, point at a fractional azimuthal structure, were also found in our cosmic string model. This peculiar discontinuous large scale structure, i.e., polarizations directions of multiples of, for example, π/2 orπ/4, can be explained by the spectrum of azimuthal-angle dependent wavelike modes without the need of conventional density perturbations in standard 4D cosmological models. Carefully com-parison of the spectrum of extremal values of the first and second order φ-dependency and the distribution of the alignment of the quasar polarizations is necessary. This can be accomplished when more observational data become available.
