略论明朝水师仿制欧洲火器及其击败荷兰军舰的火攻战术

郑成功水师于1661年收复中国台湾的战役中击败荷兰水师,并击沉荷兰主力舰“赫克托号”,这是明朝水师对外战役中最杰出的战绩之一。自从葡萄牙舰队出现于闽粤海面以来,明军一直在研究和仿制欧洲军舰及其火器,在火炮、火枪等方面都有很大的进步。不仅如此,明军还研发了推送火船和抛掷火罐等火攻战术,并将其和明军传统近战战术相结合,这才取得在浅海攻击欧洲军舰的海上优势。因此,明军击沉荷兰主力舰“赫克托号”不是偶然的。

Dynamic WTA optimization model of air defense operation of warships' formation

WTA （weapon-target allocation） of air defense operation is a very complicated problem and current models focus on static and restricted WTA problem mostly. Based on the dynamic characteristics of air defense operational command and decision of warships＇ formation, a dynamic WTA model is established. Simulation results show that switch fire and repetition fire of anti-air weapon system affect the result of the air defense operation remarkably and the dynamic model is more satisfying than static ones. Related results are gained based on the analysis of the simulation results and the results are accordant with the intuitionistic tactical judgment. The model is some reference for the research of air defense C^3I system of warships＇ formation.

Immune multi-agent model using vaccine for cooperative air-defense system of systems for surface warship formation based on danger theory

Aiming at the problem on cooperative air-defense of surface warship formation, this paper maps the cooperative airdefense system of systems （SoS） for surface warship formation （CASoSSWF） to the biological immune system （BIS） according to the similarity of the defense mechanism and characteristics between the CASoSSWF and the BIS, and then designs the models of components and the architecture for a monitoring agent, a regulating agent, a killer agent, a pre-warning agent and a communicating agent by making use of the theories and methods of the artificial immune system, the multi-agent system （MAS）, the vaccine and the danger theory （DT）. Moreover a new immune multi-agent model using vaccine based on DT （IMMUVBDT） for the cooperative air-defense SoS is advanced. The immune response and immune mechanism of the CASoSSWF are analyzed. The model has a capability of memory, evolution, commendable dynamic environment adaptability and self-learning, and embodies adequately the cooperative air-defense mechanism for the CASoSSWF. Therefore it shows a novel idea for the CASoSSWF which can provide conception models for a surface warship formation operation simulation system.

Mission-oriented dynamic optimization model of carrying spares for warship redundant system

Redundancy is a common structure for warship system,and it is an effective way to improve the reliability of the system.In this paper, warship system is taken as the object of study,based on the system reliability equivalence principle, a spares demand rate calculation method for redundant system is proposed through structure transformation. According to the system analysis method, the general modeling data structure of spares support echelon and system indenture is established, and the mission success probability is taken as the optimization target to build the dynamic optimization model of carrying spares during the process of multi-phase. By introducing the Lagrange multiplier, the spares weight, volume and cost are transformed to the single target of the spares total scale, and the initial Lagrange factors and its dynamic adjustment policy is proposed. In a given example, the main influence factors of the carrying spares project are analyzed, and the study results are in accordance with the reality, which can provide a new approach to mission-oriented carrying spares optimization for the redundant system.

Research on Software Structure Analysis Technology and Reliability Evaluation Method of Warship Equipment

In view of the current reliability evaluation requirements of warship equipment based on component, this paper comprehensively considered the characteristics of components,and the component identification method, structural decomposition method,component architecture modeling method were studied for warship equipment software. Based on the characteristics of warship equipment component, this paper proposed a formal modeling language based on Petri nets to realize the modeling of component software architecture and laid a foundation for the reliability evaluation method research of warship equipment component.

Risk transmission evaluation for parallel construction of warships based on IFCM and the cloud model

To cope with multi-directional transmission coupling,spreading, amplification, and chain reaction of risks during multiproject parallel construction of warships, a risk transmission evaluation method is proposed, which integrates an intuitionistic cloud model with a fuzzy cognitive map. By virtue of expectancy Ex, entropy En, and hyper entropy He, the risk fuzziness and randomness of the knowledge of experts are organically combined to develop a method for converting bi-linguistic variable decision-making information into the quantitative information of the intuitionistic normal cloud(INC) model. Subsequently, the threshold function and weighted summation operation in the traditional fuzzy cognitive map is converted into the INC ordered weighted averaging operator to create the risk transmission model based on the intuitionistic fuzzy cognitive map(IFCM) and the algorithm for solving it. Subsequently, the risk influence sequencing method based on INC and the risk rating method based on nearness are proposed on the basis of Monte Carlo simulation in order to realize the mutual conversion of the qualitative and quantitative information in the risk evaluation results.Example analysis is presented to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the methods.

Prediction of Hull Deflection on Damaged Warship

The appropriate prediction of the hull deflection of a severely damaged warship is an important area in the research of the warship survivability. In this paper, the asymmetrical beam bending theory is applied to set up the damaged model, a comparison of the longitudinal strength, the deflections of damaged hull subjected to both hagging and sagging moments, and shear forces is carried out. The external loads are also calculated according to different damaged positions. Finally, some results and conclusions are obtained.

舰船大空间舱室火灾模拟及防火设计

为了研究舰船内部大空间舱室这一典型结构的火灾及舰船火灾安全设计,对大空间舱室内火灾发生后的蔓延情况进行了模拟计算,得出其火灾蔓延规律,总结出针对该类型结构的防火设计应该注意的地方.

舰船高压细水雾灭火系统喷头研制

针对舰船高压细水雾灭火喷头,设计研究了不同结构形式的喷头试验件.利用液体火箭发动机冷态特性试验台,测试了不同喷头试验件的流量特性、喷雾角度、雾化特性和喷雾强度.对所研制出的细水雾喷头进行了模型火灭火试验和相应的灭火可靠性试验,并与国外喷头综合性能进行了对比.结果表明,喷头整体性能优于国外喷头.

基于虚拟现实技术的舰船虚拟消防训练系统体系架构研究

在建筑式仿真系统中实装开展的船舶消防训练,其灾害模拟程度不高、训练效果不明显,因而很难更好地评估消防员的灾害处置能力并提供决策辅助。基于虚拟现实技术的舰船虚拟消防训练系统通过将环境、灾害、训练策略等模型化,较好地解决了灾害模拟逼真度、仿真训练实效性等问题,为火灾模拟、消防训练、决策和评估提供了可靠途径。本文介绍了虚拟现实技术在船舶消防训练中的应用,讨论了船舶虚拟消防训练系统的体系框架结构,并对系统的5个底层模型及其建立方法进行了研究和探讨。

舰船消防安全工程研究现状

舰船消防安全工程理论是损管技术研究的理论基础。基于公共安全三角形原理,结合舰船损管防护技术特点,提出舰船消防安全工程理论框架体系,即舰船火灾演化、舰船火灾损伤和舰船火灾防护。分别从舱室与开放空间火灾动力学,以及人员、设备及结构的火灾损伤机理、火灾烟气控制、消除技术和新型灭火技术等方面分析了国内外研究进展。通过完善舰船消防安全工程理论体系,可不断提升我国的舰船火灾防治技术水平,进而提高我国舰船生命力。

舰艇编队协同防空射击次数

针对现有舰艇防空射击次数模型存在的不足,建立编队协同防空下的射击次数模型。首先,对非零航路捷径的情况下单舰射击次数模型进行了求解;然后,将编队协同防空射击次数分解为被攻击舰和掩护舰的射击次数之和;同时,对掩护舰禁射线与目标进攻线的距离进行研究,进一步完善了模型;最后,对编队连续射击次数与目标进攻舷角、目标流时间间隔和目标速度等参数的关系进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明:该模型能有效计算编队的射击次数,有助于提高编队防空作战的拦截效能。

基于遗传算法的舰艇编队火力分配问题研究

根据水面舰艇编队反舰作战的特点,构建基于综合考虑多种因素(目标毁伤度、目标战略战术价值、兵力消耗和目标毁伤程度要求)的综合评价目标函数,运用遗传算法来分析反舰导弹火力分配问题,并给出实例进行仿真运算与结果分析。仿真表明,该模型和方法是有效的,可为水面舰艇编队反舰作战导弹攻击目标分配提供参考依据。

结构防火在舰船防火设计中的应用

从舰船火灾发生的规律和特点出发 ,本着“重点在于防”的精神 ,论述了舰船消防设计的原则和任务 。

舰船密闭舱室火灾模拟及防火设计

对舰船内部密闭舱室这一典型结构的火灾及火灾安全设计进行研究 ,并对密闭舱室内火灾发生后的蔓延情况进行了模拟计算 ,得出其火灾蔓延规律 ,总结出该类型结构的防火设计应该注意的方面 ,其结论能够对舰船内部密闭舱室及类似结构的防火设计起到帮助作用。

舰艇防火的性能化设计

针对舰艇火灾和消防的特点建立了舰艇性能化设计仿真流程图,给出流程中涉及的关键参数和数学模型,依据关键参数对防火设计方案进行评估,并对舰艇性能化设计中需要引起注意的地方进行了说明。

舰船内部通道的火灾烟气蔓延模拟及防火设计

针对舰船内部通道典型结构的火灾及火灾安全设计进行研究,对通道内火灾发生后的蔓延情况进行了模拟计算,得出其火灾蔓延规律,进而对舰船内部通道的防火设计提出建议。

基于场模拟的舰艇防火优化设计

从舰艇结构与人员防护的角度来探讨舰艇防火优化设计,提出了舰艇防火优化设计参数,并利用场模拟模型对着火舱室与火灾蔓延舱室进行定量的数值计算与分析,来确定不能满足舰艇防火优化设计参数的舱室;进而根据分析的结论对这类舱室采取主动或者被动的消防措施。通过这些优化措施使得优化后的舱室满足舰艇防火结构优化设计参数,最终达到舰艇防火的目的。

舰船消防设计性能化评估研究

舰船消防安全依赖于消防设计水平的提高和新技术的应用。从提高舰船消防能力的要求出发,借鉴建筑防火性能化设计思想和方法,围绕舰船构成特点和消防设计过程,提出舰船消防设计性能化评估的目标和基本方法,得到舰船消防安全目标和指标要求。结合某舰船火灾FDS模拟分析,证明提出的评估目标是可行的,能够为提高舰船消防设计水平提供一种新的手段。

舰艇摇摆对小口径舰炮射击精度的影响分析

为了探讨舰艇摇摆对小口径舰炮射击精度的影响,利用线性系统理论,推导出舰艇摇摆运动的幅频和相频传递函数,通过波谱密度函数构建海浪运动模型,驱动舰艇的摇摆运动,在此基础上建立了舰炮对空射击的误差传递模型。选取典型海情对舰艇摇摆造成的射击误差进行了仿真研究,结果表明,海况越差时,舰艇摇摆越剧烈,引起的摇摆误差越高,舰炮射击误差也越大,并且高低角方向的射击误差要远高于方位角方向的射击误差。