Integration of water, fertilizer and pesticide is the final stage of agricultural development, which improves the utilization efficiency of water, fertilizer and pesticide. Starting from the design and realization of ...Integration of water, fertilizer and pesticide is the final stage of agricultural development, which improves the utilization efficiency of water, fertilizer and pesticide. Starting from the design and realization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated automatic control device, the paper discusses selection and application of fertilizer pesticides, use procedure, water, fertilizer and pesticide saving effect and receptive crowd in the application process of modern planting industry, so as to provide the basis for promotion and popularization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integration.展开更多
Automatic Control of pumps is an interesting proposal to operate water pumping stations among many kinds of water pumping stations according to their functions.In this paper,our pumping station is being used for water...Automatic Control of pumps is an interesting proposal to operate water pumping stations among many kinds of water pumping stations according to their functions.In this paper,our pumping station is being used for water supply system. This paper is to introduce the idea of pump controller and the important factors that must be considering when we want to design automatic control system of water pumping stations. Then the automatic control circuit with the function of all components will be introduced.展开更多
The air conditioning system in the Umm Al-Qura University (Albdiya Campus) was conceived to be a district cooling by a remote chilled water plant. Recently, there are two chilled water plants in the university install...The air conditioning system in the Umm Al-Qura University (Albdiya Campus) was conceived to be a district cooling by a remote chilled water plant. Recently, there are two chilled water plants in the university installed strategically to provide chilled water to all the academic and administrative buildings of the university through distribution network with total capacity approximately of 12,000 tons of refrigeration. The plants were built based on cooling towers with open water cycle as heat rejection system. Water treatment chemicals has been used to protect the cooling systems from corrosion, scaling and microbiological fouling accompanied with dissolved and suspended water impurities. Different methods are being used to determine and control the treatment chemical concentrations and system performance indicators. Traditional chemical controller has drawback of indirect measurements and set points. The purpose of this paper is to present a solution to overcome the problems of traditional and conventional chemical treatment and control sys-tems. Central cooling plant number (1) assigned to perform experimental setup using new chemical treatment technology. Advanced automatic chemical treatment controller installed on condensers (1, 2 and 3), and certain key performance indicators were selected and monitored such as chemical and water consumption, power, energy saving, and maintaining system integrity and efficiency. Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of performance and cost of operation.展开更多
The relationship between the automatic control method and the stability of the open canal is studied by means of numerical simulation of unsteady flow in an open canal under different methods of control. It is found t...The relationship between the automatic control method and the stability of the open canal is studied by means of numerical simulation of unsteady flow in an open canal under different methods of control. It is found the Proportional-Proportional plus Reset （P＋PR） control is more reliable than the Linear Quadratic Regulator （LQR） control. Moreover, for the P＋PR control, the hydraulic response of the constant volume method of operation is better than that of the constant downstream depth method in the type of centrally controlled canal. Therefore, an appropriate flow change rate should be chosen instead of shortening the pool length to reach an acceptable drawdown rate. For the canal with a bottom width of 40 m, side slope of 3, Manning n of 0.015, bottom slope of 0.000 04, and design flow of 600 m3/s, the pool length of more than 30 km can provide acceptable drawdown rates of 0.2 m/h when a proper flow change rate is chosen.展开更多
In Rwanda, agricultural industry depends on seasonal rain, and this has been a great challenge to agriculture in Rwanda. The designed sample of Photovoltaic pumping system is for irrigation on a piece of land, with 10...In Rwanda, agricultural industry depends on seasonal rain, and this has been a great challenge to agriculture in Rwanda. The designed sample of Photovoltaic pumping system is for irrigation on a piece of land, with 100 m2 field fed by underground water tank of 8 meters of elevation collected during rainy seasons. The adapted 100 m2 field is based on the fact that Rwanda is a densely populated country, also is adapted to be used especially in horticulture to increase exportation. In this system, a photovoltaic system is used as a power source;a pump is coupled with electric motor to drive it and hosepipe to convey water to the storage tank. A sensor is used to send a signal to the driver section at the same time sending a signal to the microcontroller that controls the driver unit and the corresponding relay, which switches off the motor when the water level reaches the lowest level.展开更多
磁流变抛光是一种去除效率稳定、无亚表面损伤的超精密加工工艺,然而,在抛光过程中,磁流变液的水分损失会改变抛光工具的特性,从而影响去除函数的稳定性。现有的水分控制策略受到磁流变液循环系统大时延、时变扰动的影响,导致水分含量...磁流变抛光是一种去除效率稳定、无亚表面损伤的超精密加工工艺,然而,在抛光过程中,磁流变液的水分损失会改变抛光工具的特性,从而影响去除函数的稳定性。现有的水分控制策略受到磁流变液循环系统大时延、时变扰动的影响,导致水分含量存在周期性波动,使去除函数发生周期时变,进而影响加工质量与精度。本研究建立了磁流变液循环系统的传递函数模型,开展了系统特性分析,并据此设计了基于全格式动态线性化的无模型自适应控制算法,该算法能够实现非线性系统的参数自适应控制,有效抑制因时变扰动和时延引起的水分波动,为抛光过程中水分含量的稳定控制提供了一种简单有效、适用性强的控制策略。实验结果显示,采用FFDL-MFAC控制算法时,磁流变液水分波动的峰谷值(Peak-valley Value,PV)仅为0.06%,相较于使用PID减少了40%,误差绝对值的积分(Integral value of Absolute Er‐ror,IAE)减少了58.1%。有效提升了抛光过程中磁流变液水分含量的稳定性。展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Program of Guangxi Province(GK AD19245169,GK AD18281072,GK AA17202037,GK AB16380164)。
文摘Integration of water, fertilizer and pesticide is the final stage of agricultural development, which improves the utilization efficiency of water, fertilizer and pesticide. Starting from the design and realization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated automatic control device, the paper discusses selection and application of fertilizer pesticides, use procedure, water, fertilizer and pesticide saving effect and receptive crowd in the application process of modern planting industry, so as to provide the basis for promotion and popularization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integration.
文摘Automatic Control of pumps is an interesting proposal to operate water pumping stations among many kinds of water pumping stations according to their functions.In this paper,our pumping station is being used for water supply system. This paper is to introduce the idea of pump controller and the important factors that must be considering when we want to design automatic control system of water pumping stations. Then the automatic control circuit with the function of all components will be introduced.
文摘The air conditioning system in the Umm Al-Qura University (Albdiya Campus) was conceived to be a district cooling by a remote chilled water plant. Recently, there are two chilled water plants in the university installed strategically to provide chilled water to all the academic and administrative buildings of the university through distribution network with total capacity approximately of 12,000 tons of refrigeration. The plants were built based on cooling towers with open water cycle as heat rejection system. Water treatment chemicals has been used to protect the cooling systems from corrosion, scaling and microbiological fouling accompanied with dissolved and suspended water impurities. Different methods are being used to determine and control the treatment chemical concentrations and system performance indicators. Traditional chemical controller has drawback of indirect measurements and set points. The purpose of this paper is to present a solution to overcome the problems of traditional and conventional chemical treatment and control sys-tems. Central cooling plant number (1) assigned to perform experimental setup using new chemical treatment technology. Advanced automatic chemical treatment controller installed on condensers (1, 2 and 3), and certain key performance indicators were selected and monitored such as chemical and water consumption, power, energy saving, and maintaining system integrity and efficiency. Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of performance and cost of operation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51039007, 50979076)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2010CB428802)the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory for Water Requirement and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture (CWRR200901)
文摘The relationship between the automatic control method and the stability of the open canal is studied by means of numerical simulation of unsteady flow in an open canal under different methods of control. It is found the Proportional-Proportional plus Reset （P＋PR） control is more reliable than the Linear Quadratic Regulator （LQR） control. Moreover, for the P＋PR control, the hydraulic response of the constant volume method of operation is better than that of the constant downstream depth method in the type of centrally controlled canal. Therefore, an appropriate flow change rate should be chosen instead of shortening the pool length to reach an acceptable drawdown rate. For the canal with a bottom width of 40 m, side slope of 3, Manning n of 0.015, bottom slope of 0.000 04, and design flow of 600 m3/s, the pool length of more than 30 km can provide acceptable drawdown rates of 0.2 m/h when a proper flow change rate is chosen.
文摘In Rwanda, agricultural industry depends on seasonal rain, and this has been a great challenge to agriculture in Rwanda. The designed sample of Photovoltaic pumping system is for irrigation on a piece of land, with 100 m2 field fed by underground water tank of 8 meters of elevation collected during rainy seasons. The adapted 100 m2 field is based on the fact that Rwanda is a densely populated country, also is adapted to be used especially in horticulture to increase exportation. In this system, a photovoltaic system is used as a power source;a pump is coupled with electric motor to drive it and hosepipe to convey water to the storage tank. A sensor is used to send a signal to the driver section at the same time sending a signal to the microcontroller that controls the driver unit and the corresponding relay, which switches off the motor when the water level reaches the lowest level.
文摘磁流变抛光是一种去除效率稳定、无亚表面损伤的超精密加工工艺,然而,在抛光过程中,磁流变液的水分损失会改变抛光工具的特性,从而影响去除函数的稳定性。现有的水分控制策略受到磁流变液循环系统大时延、时变扰动的影响,导致水分含量存在周期性波动,使去除函数发生周期时变,进而影响加工质量与精度。本研究建立了磁流变液循环系统的传递函数模型,开展了系统特性分析,并据此设计了基于全格式动态线性化的无模型自适应控制算法,该算法能够实现非线性系统的参数自适应控制,有效抑制因时变扰动和时延引起的水分波动,为抛光过程中水分含量的稳定控制提供了一种简单有效、适用性强的控制策略。实验结果显示,采用FFDL-MFAC控制算法时,磁流变液水分波动的峰谷值(Peak-valley Value,PV)仅为0.06%,相较于使用PID减少了40%,误差绝对值的积分(Integral value of Absolute Er‐ror,IAE)减少了58.1%。有效提升了抛光过程中磁流变液水分含量的稳定性。
