Experimental Evaluating of the Physical, Mechanical and Durability Properties of Natural, Recycled and Both Combined Aggregates Based Concretes

This experimental study aims at the reuse of recycled aggregates (RA), resulting from the demolition of concrete, cement block and cement mortar, in the manufacture of common construction in Burkina Faso. The RA can readily replace natural aggregates in concrete. Then five formulations of natural and recycled aggregates based concrete for characteristic strength of 25 Mpa were prepared in addition to the natural aggregates base concrete named reference concrete (BN): two types of recycled aggregates concrete (BR), three types of recycles and natural combined aggregates base concrete (BC). The properties of natural and recycled aggregates were characterized and the physical, mechanical strength and durability properties were also evaluated for all concrete specimens. All the studied concrete formulation present a density between 2000 kg/m3 ≤ ρ ≥ 2600 kg/m3 and an average slump of 4.9 ± 0.1 cm. The obtained results indicate that the recycled aggregates are suitable for current concrete. Two out of the five combinations studied, such as the natural (BN) and combined aggregate (BC2) based concretes satisfy the mechanical characteristics (Rc28 > 25 MPa) at 28 days of age and an average absorption coefficient of 2.93% and 3.98%. The recycled aggregate based concrete (BR1, BR2) and combined aggregate based concrete (BC1), gave respective average compressive strength of 21.55 MPa, 20.50 MPa and 20.30 MPa, i.e. a difference of 13.80% to 18.80% under the characteristic strength (25 MPa) aimed at 28 days of age. Thus, the recycled aggregates are in conformity with the normative prescriptions and their use for standard concrete gives adequate physical, mechanical and durability properties for the production of the C20/25 concrete series in the common civil engineering applications.

Progress in developing self-consolidating concrete(SCC)constituting recycled concrete aggregates:A review

Recycled concrete aggregate(RCA)derived from demolition waste has been widely explored for use in civil engineering applications.One of the promising strategies globally is to incorporate RCA into concrete products.However,the use of RCA in high-performance concrete,such as self-consolidating concrete(SCC),has only been studied in the past decade.This paper summarizes recent publications on the use of coarse and/or fine RCA in SCC.As expected,the high-water absorption and porous structure of RCA have posed challenges in producing a high-fluidity mixture.According to an analysis of published data,a lower strength reduction(within 23%regardless of coarse RCA content)is observed in SCC compared with vibrated concrete,possibly due to the higher paste content in the SCC matrix,which enhances the weak surface layer of RCA and interfacial transition zone.Similarly,SCC tends to become less durable with RCA substitution although the deterioration can be minimized by using treated RCA through removing or strengthening the adhered mortar.To date,the information reported on the role of RCA in the long-term performance of SCC is still limited;thus,a wide range of research is needed to demonstrate the feasibility of RCA–SCC in field applications.

Study of the Mechanical Performance of a Recycled Aggregate Concrete with Admixture Addition

The needs of the construction sector are still increasing for concrete. However the shortage of natural resources of aggregate could be a problem for the concrete industry. In addition, the negative impact on the environment is due to the construction demolition;where disposal wastes create a severe ecological and environmental hazard. In the last decade, a major interest has been developed for the reuse of recycled aggregates that present more than 70% of the concrete volume. The reused products should fulfill the requirements of lower cost and better quality, in order to establish its role in the concrete. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the local admixtures on the mechanical behavior of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Physical and mechanical properties of RAC were investigated including density, compressive and flexural strength. The non-destructive test methods (NDT: pulse-velocity and rebound hammer) were used to determine the concrete strength. The results obtained were compared with crushed aggregate concrete (CAC) using the normal compressive testing machine test method. Thus, the convenience of indirect tests in the case of a recycled aggregate concrete were demonstrated.

Quality Control of Recycled Aggregates Derived from Construction and Demolition Wastes

In 2007,over 24 million tons of Construction and Demolition(C&D) wastes were generated in Hong Kong.Since the local landfills will be saturated in about 6 years,it is important to find a viable way to reuse these waste materials as to alleviate the demand on public fill capacity.In order to tackle the problem,the Hong Kong government has set up a temporary recycling facility in Hong Kong in 2002 for producing different sizes of recycled aggregate for use in various construction materials.The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has been studying the feasible use of recycled aggregates in Hong Kong for a number of years.A substantial amount of experimental results on the properties of recycled aggregates and the effect of recycled aggregates on the properties of concrete and other construction products(e.g.concrete blocks and granular sub-base) has been published.In this paper,the experience of Hong Kong in using recycled aggregates are summarized and a set of quality control guidelines proposed for governing the use of recycled aggregates in Hong Kong is introduced.The experience and guidelines may also be useful for the recycling of waste materials derived from the recent Sichuan earthquake in China.

Studies on Strength and Related Properties of Concrete Incorporating Aggregates from Demolished Wastes: Part 2—Compressive and Flexural Strengths

In an earlier study, a comprehensive and critical review of previous investigations into the assessment of the strength of concrete incorporating aggregates from demolished wastes was conducted and it was concluded that there was a stark absence of results from the South African sub-continent including Botswana. In the present study, recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) sourced from demolished wastes collected from a landfill site in Gaborone, Botswana was used in lieu of natural coarse aggregates for the manufacture of concrete. With reference to the natural coarse aggregate, RCA replacement levels of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% were utilized and the results of hardened concrete tests for compressive and flexural strengths were obtained. It was found that in general the compressive and flexural strengths of the recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) decreased with increasing replacement levels of natural coarse aggregates using RCA. It was concluded that RCA could be employed as a substitute for natural aggregate in concrete only up to a certain limit or partial replacement. In this respect, it was also noted that the undesirable properties of RCA were primarily due to the quantity and quality of the adhering mortar.

Stripping of aggregate from mortar in waste concrete heated by microwave:Mechanisms of differential-temperature stress and vapor expansion pressure

Microwave heating,which is used for pre-treatment of concrete before it is comminuted,stands as a strong candidate for selective liberation of multiphase materials like concrete.This paper is concerned with the selective liberation of concrete's raw constituents(particularly aggregate)for recycling by considering the water content of concrete as a parameter of microwave heating for the first time.The deterioration law of the concrete's performance was characterized by the variation in the splitting tensile strength and relative dynamic modulus after heating by microwave at different water contents.Besides,tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the interface transition zone(ITZ)between aggregate and mortar as well as to investigate the reasons for the stripping behavior of aggregate-mortar,which included the interface tensile strength test,temperature measurement,and porosity test.The deterioration law of splitting tensile strength and relative dynamic modulus revealed that the performance of concrete was subject to different degrees of damage depending on the water content.Furthermore,experimental results showed that interface bonding strength between aggregate and mortar was dramatically impaired,and a large temperature difference was generated between the aggregate and mortar during microwave heating.Meanwhile,the permeable pores increased considerably even when the specimens were dried.In the presence of water,the intactness of ITZ between aggregate and mortar was destroyed by microwave heating,and its performance was significantly lowered,which led to the occurrence of stripping behavior between aggregate and mortar.This was reaffirmed by the microstructure presented by scanning electron microscopy.Thus,the newly developed microwave pretreatment improved by providing appropriate water contents for concrete corresponding to different strength grades is a promising method for recycling aggregate from waste concrete.

Experimental Study of Waste Tire Rubber,Wood-Plastic Particles and Shale Ceramsite on the Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete

In recent decades,the utilization of waste tires,plastic and artificial shale ceramsite as alternative fine aggregate to make self-compacting concrete(SCC)has been recognized as an eco-friendly and sustainable method to manufacture renewable construction materials.In this study,three kinds of recycled aggregates:recycled tire rubber particles,wood-plastic particles,artificial shale ceramsite were used to replace the sand by different volume(5%,10%,20%and 30%),and their effects on the fresh and hardened properties of SCC were investigated.The slump flow and V-funnel tests were conducted to evaluate the fresh properties of modified-SCC mixtures.The hardened properties include 3,7 and 28-day compressive strengths,axial compressive strength,static elastic modulus,and compressive stress-strain behavior at 28 days.The test results showed that the incorporation of these three kinds of alternative aggregates had a negative impact on the fresh properties of SCC.Besides,the 28-day compressive strength and axial compressive strength decreased with the increase of rubber and wood-plastic particles content.In this experiment,all the three kinds of recycled aggregates can improve the ductility and deformability of SCC,and the most excellent performance comes from SCC with recycled rubber particles.

Recycled Aggregates:Production,Properties and Value-added Sustainable Applications

Part of an extensive research undertaken by the Concrete and Masonry Research Group at Kingston University-London was reported to demonstrate through scientific research and full-scale site trials,that quality recycled concrete aggregates can be produced and can be used successfully in a range of concrete applications.The effects of up to 100% coarse recycled concrete aggregate（RCA） on fresh,engineering and durability related properties were established and assessed its suitability for use in a rage of sustainable applications.

Use of Masonry Construction &Demolition Waste in Concrete

Massive amounts of brick waste are obtained from demolition of old buildings and structures around the world. With the increased stress on sustainable construction, and environmentally friendly materials and greener concreting practices, a large proportion of such waste bricks are crushed and mixed with normal aggregates for use in concrete. The performance of concrete containing waste brick aggregates partially replacing normal aggregates have not been investigated for their performance. This paper covers investigations carried out on concrete with such aggregates obtained from demolition waste and mixed with varying proportions of normal aggregates to produce concrete. Two types of crushed brick aggregates were mixed with gravel in the ratios of 30:70 and 40:60 by weight and specimen were cast for investigations. Two w/c ratios were investigated. Various tests were carried out to assess the compressive strength of cubes and cylinders of mixed aggregates concrete along with f1exural strength, stress/strain behavior, moduli of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity determination, densities, surface absorption, shrinkage and frost resistance. The values obtained from these tests were compared with the values of concrete with normal aggregates (gravel) with similar w/c ratios. While the strength tests and durability tests more or less gave satisfactory results however the larger moisture absorption by the waste brick aggregates reduces the frost resistance capacity somewhat thereby care needs to be exercised in using these mixes in regions/areas susceptible to frost.

废弃PP纤维再生混凝土基本力学性能试验

目的 针对纤维体积掺量、长径比、再生骨料取代率等因素,探究废弃PP纤维对再生混凝土力学性能的影响,提高废弃纤维利用率。方法 以废弃PP打包带制成不同长径比的纤维作为筋材,以不同体积掺量与不同再生骨料取代率的再生混凝土混合制成11组废弃PP纤维再生混凝土试块,对其进行抗压和抗拉试验。结果 立方体抗压、抗拉强度最佳时的废弃PP纤维体积掺量为1.5%,长径比为47.85;废弃PP纤维再生混凝土的立方体抗压、抗拉强度与再生骨料取代率有关,其强度与再生骨料取代率近似呈线性关系。结论 废弃PP纤维的掺入可以提高再生混凝土的立方体抗压强度和抗拉强度。

废旧混凝土再生材料在沥青混凝土中的稳定化利用研究

为实现废旧混凝土的便捷、高效再利用,在分析不同粒径范围再生材料的宏、微观性质特征及其沥青混凝土主要工程性能的基础上,确定可克服再生粗骨料性质缺陷的再生材料适用粒径范围以及该粒径范围再生材料在沥青混凝土中的利用方案。结果表明:随着再生材料粒径的减小,由砂浆-碎石界面间隙、裂缝以及砂浆层内部孔隙、裂纹引起的再生粗骨料材料性质不佳以及性质变异性大的问题得到了显著改善,尤其当再生材料以粉状存在时,其材料性质非常均匀,因此建议将废旧混凝土以再生粉料的形式进行循环利用;引入高碱性水泥与再生粉料配合使用可消除再生粉料因SiO_(2)含量较高对沥青混凝土性能潜在的不利影响,再生粉料与水泥体积比为3∶1时可制备出水稳定性、高低温性能以及疲劳性能均满足《公路沥青路面施工技术规范》(JTG F40—2004)要求的沥青混凝土。

全再生细骨料混凝土的制备及性能试验研究

为提高再生细骨料(regenerate fine aggregates,RFA)的回收使用率,本研究采用一种含砖RFA进行全再生细骨料混凝土(fully recycled fine aggregate concrete,FRFAC)的试验制备.设计吸水率试验拟合公式计算RFA的主要组成及含量;通过设计正交试验研究水料比、减水剂和RFA粒径级配对不同养护天数下FRFAC的强度与热工性能的影响.研究结果表明,该RFA中主要包含废砖、废混凝土和泥块,其含量分别为13.58%、52.98%和33.44%,泥块含量较多,所以在制备前需对RFA进行筛分处理,该RFA平均吸水率较大,所以需采用饱和面干法进行预处理;对FRFAC强度影响最大的是RFA粒径级配,其次是水料比和减水剂,强度随着养护天数呈缓慢上升趋势;FRFAC的导热系数低,通过抗压导热交互分析得到配比最优方案为A3B3C2,制备的FRFAC强度达到25.8 MPa,导热系数为0.4636 W/(m·K),可用于建筑工程中.

再生陶瓷混凝土抗压强度及弹性模量试验研究

【目的】为研究不同再生陶瓷骨料类型和取代率对混凝土抗压强度和弹性模量的影响,利用再生陶瓷细骨料以0、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%和100%取代率等质量替换天然河砂制作再生陶瓷细骨料混凝土(CRFC)。【方法】在再生陶瓷细骨料全取代(100%)天然细骨料的基础上,采用再生陶瓷粗骨料等质量替换天然碎石制作再生陶瓷粗细骨料混凝土(CRC),研究CRFC和CRC的物理性能和力学性能,分析废弃墙地砖陶瓷作为混凝土再生骨料的可行性。【结果】研究表明:采用再生陶瓷细骨料取代天然细骨料配制的CRFC在和易性、抗压强度和弹性模量等性能方面与普通混凝土相差不大;CRC的抗压强度和弹性模量随再生陶瓷粗骨料取代率的增加而显著降低。【结论】废弃陶瓷砖可以作为粗、细骨料用于制备混凝土。采用再生陶瓷粗骨料时需要根据其吸水率加入附加用水以确保混凝土拌合物的和易性;界面过渡区的粘结强度和粗骨料类型是分别影响CRFC和CRC破坏形态的主要因素;再生陶瓷细骨料全部取代天然细骨料时,建议再生陶瓷粗骨料取代率小于50%。

装配式再生细骨料混凝土内隔墙板性能研究

将废弃混凝土回收、破碎、筛分制得再生细骨料,采用再生细骨料替代天然砂制备装配式再生细骨料混凝土内隔墙板,对其抗压强度、干燥收缩、抗弯性能进行测试。结果表明:再生细骨料替代率为20%时,内隔墙板的抗压强度较基准组提高了10%;再生细骨料替代率为10%~20%时的干燥收缩值与基准组接近;再生细骨料替代率≤40%时制备的内墙隔板抗压强度、干燥收缩均符合JG/T 169—2016要求,且吊挂处无裂缝,抗弯破坏荷载为内隔墙板自重的1.5倍以上。采用再生细骨料替代天然砂可以降低内隔墙板的生产成本,也符合低碳的要求。

混合再生骨料混凝土强度性能的试验研究

以废弃混凝土和废弃黏土砖作为再生骨料制备的混凝土为研究对象,系统分析了再生骨料复掺比例、水灰比、养护温度对混凝土强度的影响。试验结果表明:废弃混凝土和废弃黏土砖复掺比例6∶4时,再生混凝土的早期强度较大;优化的水灰比能够有效加强水泥与骨料的黏结,促进再生骨料混凝土抗压强度的发展;养护温度对再生混凝土早期强度的影响显著,养护温度为50~55℃时有利于再生混凝土早期强度的产生,但是温度的促进作用随试件养护时间的增长而逐渐减弱。最后,通过SEM微观测试手段分析了养护温度影响混合再生骨料混凝土早期强度的机理。本研究可为废弃混凝土和废弃黏土砖的混合再生利用提供理论支持。

建筑垃圾分离分选关键技术

建筑垃圾主要来源于建筑建设和拆迁过程中产生的固体废物,处理后的建筑垃圾可以作为一种可再生骨料,其产量巨大。但现实中建筑垃圾作为一种再生资源,浪费严重,环境污染严重。为提高建筑废弃物资源利用率,针对建筑垃圾的分离分选技术进行了深入研究,通过试验比较了两种不同的建筑垃圾分离分选工艺流程。通过对比分离分选后砖骨料和混凝土骨料分离效率、分选时间、分选产量、物料洁净度、设备运行电耗等指标,最终确定适合建筑垃圾分离分选的工艺技术路线。

利用电解锰渣制备陶瓷骨料及在混凝土中的应用

电解锰渣的堆放威胁着人们健康和生态环境,因此电解锰渣的无害化处理成为亟需解决的难题。利用1 100℃高温烧结使电解锰渣中可溶的Mn和Cr固化在晶粒内,同时热分解含氨复盐。高温烧结后的电解锰渣已经瓷化且拥有较高的抗压强度,经过破碎分级后可替代混凝土中的骨料。研究结果表明,电解锰渣陶瓷粗骨料和细骨料能基本满足GB/T 25177—2010《混凝土用再生粗骨料》,由XRD和EDS分析可知,烧结后的电解锰渣含有一定量的CaSO_(4),CaSO_(4)的存在促进了水泥水化产物钙钒石的合成,使陶瓷骨料与水泥结合更加紧密,混凝土试块在断裂时陶瓷骨料不以拔出的形式失效,增加了混凝土试块力学的强度。利用陶瓷粗骨料和天然砂细骨料制备的混凝土试块14 d抗折强度为7.54 MPa,优于粗骨料和细骨料均为天然砂石的样品(5.36 MPa),且陶瓷粗骨料在混凝土中所含质量分数较大(48.55%),对于电解锰渣再利用具有重要意义。

全再生水泥稳定碎石混合料级配控制研究

研究通过对配制的多份混合料进行筛分试验,获得配制混合料级配的变异标准差,在以目标级配为中值的基础上加上或减去变异标准差,作为确定级配控制的上限和下限,比较多份混合料配制级配与击实成型后级配的变化,获得废弃混凝土再生集料在拌和、运输、成型过程中的级配变化规律,通过对目标合成比例的调整,降低再生集料在生产各环节的级配变异对混合料矿料成型级配的影响,达到全再生混合料矿料级配优化的目的。

建筑垃圾再生微粉制备与基本性能研究

文中研究了使用废弃砖瓦、废弃混凝土两类建筑垃圾制备不同细度再生微粉材料,在对再生微粉材料的化学成分、比表面积、颗粒粒度分布等进行测试分析的基础上,严格按照现行规范标准,检测了微粉材料的基本性能。结果表明,单纯通过机械粉磨的方式,再生微粉的相关指标可达到Ⅱ级粉煤灰甚至S95矿粉的技术要求。

我国城市建筑垃圾资源化处置现状及可持续发展对策

近年来,在建筑业作为支柱产业带动国民经济高速发展的时代背景下,我国的建筑垃圾每年以约20亿t的速度投放到大自然,在大量占用土地资源的同时对自然环境造成不可逆的破坏,在大数据背景下,如何加快构建建筑废弃物资源化利用体系,提高建筑垃圾的回收利用率,现阶段城市建筑垃圾治理进展如何,在此对我国建筑垃圾治理工作进行系统阐述。