Reuse of waste frying oil for production of rhamnolipids using Pseudomonas aeruginosa zju.u1M

In this work,rhamnolipid production was investigated using waste frying oil as the sole carbon source. By culture in shaking flasks,a naturally isolated strain synthesized rhamnolipid at concentration of 12.47 g/L and its mutant after treatment by UV light increased this productivity to 24.61 g/L. Fermentation was also conducted in a 50 L bioreactor and the productivity reached over 20 g/L. Hence,with a stable and high productive mutant strain,it could be feasible to reuse waste frying oil for rhamnolipid production on industrial scale.

Optimizing rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 grown on waste frying oil using response surface method and batch-fed fermentation

Rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 with waste frying oil as sole carbon source was studied using response surface method. Cultures were incubated in shaking flask with temperature, NO3- and Mg2+ concentrations as the variables. Meanwhile, fed-batch fermentation experiments were conducted. The results show that the three variables are closely related to rhamnolipid production. The optimal cultivation conditions are of 6.4 g/L NaNO3 , 3.1 g/L MgSO4 at 32 ℃, with the maximum rhamnolipid production of 6.6 g/L. The results of fed-batch fermentation experiments show that feeding the oil in two batches can enhance rhamnolipid production. The best time interval is 72 h with the maximum rhamnolipid production of 8.5 g/L. The data are potentially useful for mass production of rhamnolipid on oil waste with this bacterium.

Production Optimization of Biodiesel from Frying Oil Waste to Reduce the Environmental Impacts

The objective of this study was to reduce the environmental impacts of used frying oil waste through the production of biodiesel. A 22 factorial planning has been used to evaluate the influences of alcohol/oil and reaction time on the biodiesel production yield. The optimal condition to produce the biodiesel has been found by use of the response surface methodology and analysis of variance to obtain the fitting model. This study was conducted in Campinas city, Brazil, where were collected the waste oil. An analysis of ecological cost also has been developed. Cooking oils collected from Campinas homes were mixed with ethanol in planned proportions （1：9, 1：7 and 1：5） and were transesterified at 60 ℃ and planned reaction times （30, 60 or 90 min）, in order to obtain biodiesel, using 0.1% NaOH as a catalyst. The results of the physical-chemical analyses demonstrated that the biodiesels obtained possessed characteristics close to those required by Brazilian standards. This fuel could be used in fleets of buses, trucks and machines, or even sold to fuel distributors, which results in a solving between US$0.8 and US$4.5 millions. Thus, Campinas would gain environmental credits and become a sustainable city.

Waste Frying Oils-Based Biodiesel: Process and Fuel Properties

The conversion of waste frying oil into a valuable methyl ester (biodiesel) has been successfully conducted and also the acid pre-treatment process was carried out prior to the main biodiesel production process for lowering waste frying oil free fatty acid (FFA) content below 1%. The physicochemical properties of biodiesel were analyzed to ensure the product could meet the standards of fuel properties. The methanolysis was selected as the biodiesel production technique under various mixing speeds namely 350, 400 and 450 rpm, while the other parameters are maintained at the optimum process conditions such as methanol to oil molar ratio is 6:1, percentage of catalyst loading is 1.0% wt, reaction temperature is 60℃, and reaction time is 50 min. Also, the investigation on the kinematic viscosity, density and flash point of biodiesel was performed against a number of rpm. The standards of ASTM D 6751 were applied to measure the entire prescribed properties of biodiesel. The highest yield of biodiesel obtained was 99%. The values of flash point, kinematic viscosity and density were in the range of specified limitations. Other biodiesel properties fulfilled the diesel engine application requirements.

Ultrasonic-Assisted Production of Biodiesel from Waste Frying Oil Using a Two-Step Catalyzing Process

This study proposed using waste frying oil rather than refined vegetable oil as an effective way to reduce the raw material cost of producing biodiesel. In addition, the ultrasonic-assisted two-step catalyzing Process was first adopted for the production of biodiesel from waste frying oil. The results show that the total reaction time was less than 50 min and the conversion rate of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) achieved was 97.1%. Therefore, the ultrasonic-assisted two-step catalyzing process has a potential application in producing biodiesel from waste frying oil.

Combined Effect of a Catalytic Reduction Device with Waste Frying Oil-Based Biodiesel on NOx Emissions of Diesel Engines

Internal combustion engines with application in automobiles and other relevant industries constitute significant environmental pollution via the release of toxic exhaust gasses like carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), particulate matter (PM), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). Engine researchers and manufacturers are challenged to develop external and internal measures to ensure environmentally friendly solutions to accommodate and conform to the growing list of emission standards. Therefore, this work presents an experimental investigation of the NOx emission profile of a diesel engine that is fuelled and fitted with waste frying oil-based biodiesel and catalytic converter. Using a single-cylinder, four-stroke air-cooled CI engine at a constant speed of 1900 rpm and different loadings of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%;fitted with a catalytic converter at the exhaust outlet of the engine and linked to a dynamometer and a gas analyser, an experiment was conducted at biodiesel/diesel volume blends of B0 (0/10), B5 (5/95), B20 (20/80), B30 (30/70), B70 (70/30), B100 (100/0);and 30% concentration (v/v), 0.5 litre/hr flow rate of aqueous urea from the catalytic converter. The results show an increasing NOx emission as the biodiesel component increased in the blend. The catalytic converter showed a downward NOx reduction with a significant 68% reduction in efficiency at high exhaust gas temperatures. It is concluded that the combined utilisation of waste frying oil-based biodiesel and the catalytic converter yields substantial NOx emission reduction.

Frying Performance of High Oleic Oil Enriched in Biophenols during Discontinuos and Prolonged Thermal Treatment

Biophenols are potent natural antioxidants that protect food quality by preventing oxidative deterioration of lipids. During heat treatment this protective rule prevents oxidation caused by many factors, as high temperature reached, presence of oxygen and water contained in food matrix. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frying performance of high oleic oil enriched in biophenols, comparing its thermal stability with those of high oleic oil (control sample) during thermo-oxidation and deep fat frying process. Positive effects when biophenols were added to oil were found: lower acidity levels, lower TPC values during the first 16 hours of heat treatment, absence of short chain fatty acids (C8:0) until 24 h of thermo-oxidation treatment and detection of lower acrylamide content in French friesrespect to those fried in the control oil.

A novel method for the green utilization of waste fried oil

Waste fried oil was studied to prepare three different types of detergent such as soap,liquid soap and soap powder via saponification process.The preparation conditions of soap base were optimized by orthogonal experiment.The specific preparation processes included waste fried oil treatment,orange peel extract preparation,saponification,demoulding and drying.Results showed that the optimal con-ditions for saponification were as follows:ratio of pure waste fried oil to coconut oil=6∶4,alkali liquor(NaOH)mass fraction 30%,saponification temperature 70℃,orange peel extract concentration 15%.The mature soap was then used to make liquid soap and soap powder by surfactant(sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate,coconut diethanol amide)addition,followed by grinding.The prepared detergent conforms to the production standard of strong decontamination ability,possesses stable performance,is gentle to skin and non-toxic.

Application of waste frying oils in the biosynthesis of biodemulsifier by a demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp.S-XJ-1

Exploration of biodemulsifiers has become a new research aspect.Using waste frying oils（WFOs） as carbon source to synthesize biodemulsifiers has a potential prospect to decrease production cost and to improve the application of biodemulsifiers in the oilfield.In this study,a demulsifying strain,Alcaligenes sp.S-XJ-1,was investigated to synthesize a biodemulsifier using waste frying oils as carbon source.It was found that the increase of initial pH of culture medium could increase the biodemulsifier yield but decrease the demulsification ratio compared to that using paraffin as carbon source.In addition,a biodemulsifier produced by waste frying oils and paraffin as mixed carbon source had a lower demulsification capability compared with that produced by paraffin or waste frying oil as sole carbon source.Fed-batch fermentation of biodemulsifier using waste frying oils as supplementary carbon source was found to be a suitable method.Mechanism of waste frying oils utilization was studied by using tripalmitin,olein and tristearin as sole carbon sources to synthesize biodemulsifier.The results showed saturated long-chain fatty acid was diffcult for S-XJ-1 to utilize but could effectively enhance the demulsification ability of the produced biodemulsifier.Moreover,FT-IR result showed that the demulsification capability of biodemulsifiers was associated with the content of C=O group and nitrogen element.

Biodiesel production from waste frying oil in sub- and supercritical methanol on a zeolite Y solid acid catalyst

Waste frying oil （WFO） is a very important feedstock for obtaining biodiesel at low cost and using WFO in transesterification reactions to produce biodiesel helps eliminate local environmental problems. In this study biodiesel was produced from WFO in sub- and super- critical methanol on a zeolite Y solid acid catalyst. The procedure was optimized using a design of experiments by varying the methanol to WFO molar ratio, the reaction temperature, and the amount of catalyst. Typical biodiesel yields varied from 83 to nearly 100% with methyl esters content ranging from 1.41-1.66mol.L-~ and typical dynamic viscosities of 22.1-8.2 cE Gas chromatography was used to determine the molecular composition of the biodiesel. The reaction products contained over 82 wt-% methyl esters, 4.2 wt-% free acids, 13.5 wt-% monoglycer- ides, and 0.3 wt-% diglycerides. The transesterification of WFO with methanol around its critical temperature combined with a zeolite Y as an acid catalyst is an efficient approach for the production of biodiesel with acceptable yields.

固液废弃物共混改性沥青混合料路用性能研究

废弃食用油和轮胎的回收利用对于环境保护具有重要意义。本研究采用煎炸废油(WFO)和废旧轮胎橡胶(GTR)对沥青进行复合改性,制备了一种可作为石油沥青潜在替代品的环保型生物沥青,并基于两种改性剂的最佳试验配比制备了复合改性沥青混合料;通过马歇尔试验、浸水马歇尔试验、车辙试验、三点弯曲试验、冻融劈裂试验等,对比研究了WFO/GTR固液废料共混改性沥青混合料(FOTRM)与基质沥青混合料(OAM)、橡胶改性沥青混合料(TRM)的路用性能。结果表明:固液废料共混改性沥青混合料的马歇尔稳定度和动稳定度明显高于OAM和TRM,具有优良的高温稳定性;低温变形和抗水损害性能劣于TRM,但优于OAM;表明FOTRM可作为沥青路面的替代材料。

油炸废油硅酸钠—活性白土精炼工艺研究

以油炸废油为原料,对硅酸钠胶体—活性白土精炼工艺进行了研究。通过单因素试验和正交试验,其结果表明:超碱量和活性白土的总加量对酸价、过氧化值和色泽影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01),温度对酸价和过氧化值影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01),超碱量与活性白土的比例对色泽影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01),超碱量和活性白土的总加量及它们比例的交互作用对酸价影响达显著水平(P<0.05)。最优工艺条件为:超碱量—活性白土的总加量为9%、超碱量与活性白土的比例为1∶4、温度为90℃、反应时间为35m in,精炼率可达86.3%。该法不仅可简化工艺过程、节约大量水资源,而且可以减少废水的排放。

茂名油页岩废渣存在现状及应用的新途径探讨

广东茂名地区油页岩储量非常丰富,经过半个多世纪的开发,已经产生了大量油页岩废渣,废渣的堆积对茂名的环境造成很大污染,侵占了大量的土地资源。系统研究了茂名现存2类油页岩废渣的来源、现存形态、成分等。同时提出了利用废渣的新途径-利用油页岩废渣制取免蒸免烧砖。利用现存的2种不同种类的油页岩废渣分别制取了免蒸免烧砖,进行了力学性能测试,试验结果显示,油页岩废渣砖可以取代红砖,达到节约土地资源、节能利废的目的。

乙酸甲酯体系酶法催化煎炸废油制备生物柴油

煎炸废油经过脱胶、脱酸、脱色处理后,以其为原料和乙酸甲酯在固定化脂肪酶的催化下反应制备生物柴油。考察反应条件对酯交换反应的影响,得到的最佳条件为:煎炸废油2.0g、固定化脂肪酶Novozym435的用量为油重的9%、有机溶剂叔丁醇2.0mL、乙酸甲酯与煎炸废油摩尔比9∶1、有机碱三羟甲基氨基甲烷的用量为油重的15%、反应时间12h、反应温度60℃、摇床转速为150r/min。在此条件下生物柴油的得率为80.73%。

荧光PCR扩增动物源性HOXC6基因鉴别老火油

目的:以动物源性HOXC6基因为靶标采用荧光PCR技术建立老火油及其掺兑样品的鉴定方法。方法:采用核酸富集处理方法提取油脂中的少量核酸,以动物源性HOXC6基因片段的检出为靶标鉴别老火油,并以老火油与正常食用植物油混合勾兑样品验证方法的可靠性和适用性。结果:16个老火油样品中15个样品扩增结果阳性,检测准确率为93.8%,60%、40%、20%老火油勾兑样品检测准确率分则为81.2%、81.2%和50%。结论:本研究建立的老火油鉴别方法,具有一定的适用性和可靠性,是对老火油鉴定方法的有益探索。

Dietzia sp.S-JS-1利用煎炸废油生产生物破乳剂及其性能研究

以前期研究中筛选得到的破乳剂产生菌Dietzia sp.S-JS-1为研究对象,采用煎炸废油为培养碳源,考察菌株的生物量和表面张力,研究处理方式、温度、乳状液pH对破乳剂在两种模型乳状液W/O型(water in oil)和O/W型(oilin water)中破乳性能的影响,并初步分析生物破乳剂成分。结果表明:菌株最大生物量为2.6 g/L,其产生的破乳剂能够将纯水表面张力从72.0 mN/m降低到32.5 mN/m。冻融对破乳剂效果的影响小于高温灭菌;破乳剂经冷冻干燥处理后的破乳效果明显好于烘干处理;破乳剂在35℃～75℃时具有较好的破乳效果,脱水率均在75%以上;破乳剂在W/O型乳状液中的效果随着pH变大而逐渐增加,pH=10时的脱水率高达99.8%,而在O/W型乳状液中,pH=7时的脱水率最高,为90%左右。薄层色谱结果表明S-JS-1利用煎炸油生产的生物破乳剂可能含有5种脂肽类物质。

应用煎炸废油发酵制备槐糖脂生物表面活性剂

应用正交实验,优化了假丝酵母菌O-13-1以煎炸废油为油溶性碳源发酵制备槐糖脂的条件,并应用高效液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）鉴定了所产槐糖脂同系物的组成及结构。结果表明,经正交实验优化的O-13-1菌株以煎炸废油为底物制备槐糖脂的摇瓶发酵条件为：摇床转速200 r/min,双碳源质量浓度均为90 g/L,温度为25℃,接种量为体积分数12%。在此条件下,槐糖脂产量达到最大,为73.26 g/L;O-13-1菌株以煎炸废油为底物所合成槐糖脂由9种乙酰基取代的内酯型和酸型槐糖脂同系物构成,内酯型槐糖脂同系物所占质量分数达76%。基于摇瓶得到的以煎炸废油为油溶性碳源的优化发酵条件,O-13-1菌株在5 L自动发酵罐中转速500 r/min时发酵合成槐糖脂产量可达163.28 g/L。以煎炸废油为碳源发酵槐糖脂的原料成本较普通大豆油降低18%,在有效降低槐糖脂生产成本的同时,实现了煎炸废油的资源化利用。

利用煎炸废油合成PHA的工艺条件探讨

以煎炸废油作为发酵过程中的碳源,对杀虫贪铜菌发酵生产PHA过程的发酵特性进行了研究。考察了发酵过程中初使pH值、摇瓶装液量、培养温度、摇床转速、接种量和废油添加量六个因素与细胞干重及PHA产量之间的关系。实验结果表明:以餐厨废油作为碳源物质发酵制备PHA是可行的,并得到发酵优化条件为:初使pH值为7.5、装液量100mL/250mL、培养温度28℃、接种量3%、转速160r/min、废油添加量25mL/L,在此条件下菌株合成PHA能力最佳。

电子鼻法鉴别食用植物油与地沟油的研究

目的尝试利用电子鼻技术建立一种简便、快速的鉴别食用植物油与地沟油的筛查方法。方法样品包括采集自各超市的9个品种共103个正常植物油,采集自多家餐饮企业的24个煎炸废弃油脂,采集自餐厨垃圾集中处置定点公司的36个餐厨废弃油脂,以及本课题组自主制备的25个精炼地沟油。利用电子鼻采集各样品的气味信息,通过数据主成分分析(PCA)和线性判别分析(LDA)2种方法进行分析和判定。结果电子鼻可以相互区分食用植物油、餐厨废弃油脂和精炼地沟油,无法区分食用植物油和煎炸废弃油脂。结论本实验结果表明,经过系列的氧化及劣变过程,地沟油中的气味分子成分与正常植物油相比已经发生了剧烈的变化。电子鼻技术作为鉴别地沟油的一种新兴手段,值得更深入的探索和研究。