Mechanical and environmental properties of geopolymer-stabilized domestic waste incineration slag in an asphalt pavement base

Domestic waste incineration slag(WIS)includes fly ash and slag.Fly ash is classified as hazardous waste because it contains heavy metals.Most of slag are directly stacked or landfilled due to problems such as large output and low utilization rate.Harmless treatment is imminent.If WIS is used effectively in the road engineering,which can realize the high-quality and high-efficiency recycling of WIS,and it is of great significance to save resources and protect the environment.This study applies a geopolymer prepared from WIS fly ash as a stabilizing agent in WIS blending macadam for use as a pavement base mixture,and reports the mechanical properties(unconfined compressive strength,splitting strength,and resilience modulus)of the geopolymer-stabilized WIS blending macadam(GeoWIS).The leaching concentrations of harmful heavy metals of GeoWIS soaked in water were also investigated.Finally,the strength formation and heavy metal stability mechanisms were explored.The unconfined compressive strength,splitting strength,and compressive resilient modulus of GeoWIS all increased with increasing geopolymer content and decreasing WIS content.The strength of GeoWIS was derived from its geopolymerization and hydration products(C-S-H gel,N-A-S-H gel,and AFt).When the geopolymer content reached 12%–14%,the GeoWIS without natural macadam met the strength criterion of the asphalt pavement base.Through physical adsorption and chemical bonding,the geopolymer significantly reduced the leaching of harmful heavy metals.In GeoWIS with 50%WIS and stabilized with 10%geopolymer,the Cr,Ni,Cd,and Pb concentrations met the grade III groundwater standard.Concentrations of heavy metals leached from GeoWIS are low and exert little impact on environment.

Stabilization of Expansive Soil by Lime and Fly Ash

An experimental program was undertaken to study the individual and admixed effects of lime and fly ash on the geotechnical characteristics of expansive soil.Lime and fly ash were added to the expansive soil at 4%-6% and 40%-50% by dry weight of soil,respectively.Testing specimens were determined and examined in chemical composition,grain size distribution,consistency limits,compaction,CBR,free swell and swell capacity.The effect of lime and fly ash addition on reducing the swelling potential of an expansive soil is presented.It is revealed that a change of expansive soil texture takes place when lime and fly ash are mixed with expansive soil.Plastic limit increases by mixing lime and liquid limit decreases by mixing fly ash,which decreases plasticity index.As the amount of lime and fly ash is increased,there are an apparent reduction in maximum dry density,free swell and swelling capacity under 50 kPa pressure,and a corresponding increase in the percentage of coarse particles,optimum moisture content and CBR value.Based on the results,it can be concluded that the expansive soil can be successfully stabilized by lime and fly ash.

Study on Treatment of Heavy Metals in Fly Ash by a Chelating Agent

The fly ash from two municipal solid waste incineration plants in Shanghai was treated by the self-developed organic composite chelating agent. The results indicated that the stabilization effect of Pb in the fly ash by the composite chelating agent was the best,and the proportions of its easily leaching form in the two kinds of fly ash decreased from 29. 60% and 27. 49% to 3. 05% and 0. 29% respectively. The leaching toxicity of stabilized fly ash was lower than the limits of Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste（ GB 16889- 2008）,so it can be landfilled separately in the landfill site of municipal solid waste.

Freeze-thaw performance of chemically stabilized natural and recycled highway materials

This article provides an overview of several previous studies that investigated the stiffness and strength performance of chemically stabilized roadway materials under winter conditions （freeze-thaw cycling）. The objective of this research was to understand the behavior of different materials stabilized with different type of binders when they were subjected to freeze-thaw cycling. Nine different materials including natural soils （organic soil, clay, silt, sand, and road surface gravel）, reclaimed pavement material, and recycled asphalt pavement stabilized with nine different binders （five different fly ashes, lime, cement, lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust） were discussed. This article investigated how the volume, resilient modulus and unconfined compressive strength of soils/materials stabilized with different binders change in response to freeze-thaw cycling. Overall, the review results indicate that the stiffness and strength of all stabilized materials decrease somewhat with freeze-thaw cycling. However, the reduced strength and stiffness of stabilized materials after freeze-thaw cycling was still higher than that of unstabilized-unfrozen original soils and materials. In addition, materials stabilized with cement kiln dust provided the best performance against freeze-thaw cycling.

A Review on Stabilization of Expansive Soil Using Industrial Solid Wastes

In developing countries like India, Industrialization is rising rapidly, and also?a great paucity of land is there, the demand for exploitation of industrial?wastes?which coming from industries is increasing. From geotechnical perspective,?fly ash, granite and quarry waste, cement kiln dust, silica fume, rice husk etc.?are the waste materials?which?have effectual features requisites by an excellent soil stabilization admixture. Stabilization using solid wastes is one of the different?methods of treatment, to improve the engineering properties and make it?suitable for construction. This paper briefs about the recent trends in stabilization of expansive soil using industrial waste (granite and quarry waste, cement kiln?dust, silica fume, rice husk) as stabilizers for decreasing the environmental?hazards.

石灰-粉煤灰-水泥稳定碎石的力学性能试验

石灰-粉煤灰-普通硅酸盐水泥稳定碎石是一种常用的路面基层材料,但其早期强度较低,用作路面的维修养护材料时不能快速开放交通.为提高稳定碎石的早期强度,将其中的普通硅酸盐水泥用等质量的硫铝酸盐水泥替换,通过无侧限抗压强度试验(UCT)和劈裂拉伸强度试验(STS)对比了两种不同水泥综合稳定碎石的无侧限抗压强度(UCS)和劈裂拉伸强度(STS),并对无机结合料掺量、水泥掺量及级配对稳定碎石强度的影响开展了试验研究.结果表明,稳定碎石的UCS和STS随水泥含量的增加、养护龄期的增长而增大;养护龄期1 d的石灰-粉煤灰-硫铝酸盐水泥稳定碎石的UCS可达2.28 MPa,达到了路面基层开放交通的规定,且后期强度没有出现降低.论文为路面基层的快速维修养护提供了一种新材料.

解毒飞灰对水泥稳定碎石抗压强度的影响机制研究

为了探究解毒飞灰对水泥稳定碎石抗压强度形成与发展的影响机制,研究了水泥-解毒飞灰浆体中Ca(OH)_(2)与Friedel盐变化、水化产物微观形态以及水化产物元素的变化规律,揭示了水泥-解毒飞灰水化产物变化与水泥稳定碎石试件的抗压强度演变间的关系,基于解毒飞灰的合理掺配区间,提出不同氯盐含量下解毒飞灰在水泥稳定碎石中的掺量限制范围。结果表明,水泥稳定碎石抗压强度随解毒飞灰掺量的增加先升高后降低,后期强度呈现回升趋势;解毒飞灰中可溶氯盐的含量是影响水泥水化产物生成量与强度发展的关键因素,低解毒飞灰掺量引入了合理含量的可溶氯盐,水化产物中Ca(OH)_(2)含量增加,且生成新的水化产物Friedel盐,促使浆体结构更加密实和优化,抗压强度得以增长;随解毒飞灰掺量的增加,Ca(OH)_(2)生成量先增后降,而Friedel盐持续增长;当解毒飞灰掺量超过一定掺量后,体系中出现游离的氯盐,在水泥熟料颗粒表面形成包裹层阻碍其进一步水化,从而抑制抗压强度的发展。为保证水泥稳定碎石早期与后期强度稳定发展,建议该解毒飞灰掺量控制在4%以内,各地区解毒飞灰掺量以控制水泥稳定碎石中氯盐含量不高于1%为宜。

二灰稳定建筑固废碎石基层试验研究

为探究二灰稳定建筑固废碎石基层性能,通过正交试验优选出混合料最佳配合比,改变建筑固废的掺量(0%,25%,50%和75%)以探究其对混合料强度、抗压回弹模量与抗冻性能的影响.结果表明,二灰稳定纯碎石混合料的强度、抗压回弹模量和抗冻性能均最高,掺入建筑垃圾各项性能均有所降低;随着建筑固废掺量(25%,50%和75%)的增加,抗压强度和抗压回弹模量表现出先增加后降低的趋势,当建筑固废掺量达到50%时,抗压强度和抗压回弹模量达到峰值;劈裂强度却随着建筑固废掺量的增大而增大,抗冻性能随之增加而降低,但均符合规范要求,证明二灰稳定建筑固废碎石可用作路面基层,特别是用于底基层,可协调变形,提高公路使用寿命.

Review of harmless treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Incineration is widely adopted in municipal solid waste management,which produces large amounts of municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash.The harmless treatment of MSWI fly ash requires the appropriate disposal of heavy metals and dioxins that are enriched in fly ash.This review summarizes recently developed harmless disposal methods for MSWI fly ash including solidification/stabilization,thermal treatment,and separation/extraction.In addition,we discuss heavy metal and dioxin fixation,and the removal capacity of fly ash via solidification/stabilization(including cement solidification,chemical stabilization,hydrothermal processes,and mechano-chemical methods),thermal treatment(including sintering,fuel-burning,or electric melting/vitrification),and separation/extraction(including water-washing,chemical reagent leaching,biological leaching,electrodialysis separation,chemical reagent extraction,and nanomaterials extraction).The advantages and disadvantages of different harmless treatment methods are compared and future research prospects and suggestions are summarized.This review provides general guidelines for the harmless treatment of MSWI fly ash in the future.

Low-carbon stabilization/solidification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash(FA)is classified as hazardous waste,which requires additional treatment before disposal or further utilization.Stabilization/solidification(S/S)is regarded as a low-cost and high-efficient method for MSWI FA treatment.“Low-carbon S/S”has captured extensive interest in recent years,which could treat hazardous wastes and enable resource recycling in a sustainable way.This article introduced the state-of-art low-carbon S/S strategies for MSWI FA treatment.The immobilization mechanisms of pollutants in various matrices were also discussed.Prospects were raised to foster the actualization of sustainable management of MSWI FA.

Leaching characteristics of heavy metals during cement stabilization of fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators

The leaching characteristics of heavy metals in products of cement stabilization of fly ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator were investigated in this paper.The stabilization of heavy metals such as Cd,Pb,Cu,and Zn in fly ash from such incinerators was examined through the national standard method in China based on the following factors:additive quantity of cement and Na_(2)S,curing time,and pH of leaching liquor.The results showed that as more additives were used,less heavy metals were leached except for Pb,which is sensitive to pH of the leachate,and the worse effect was observed for Cd.The mass ratio of cement to fly ash=10% is the most appropriate parameter according to the national standard method.When the hydration of cement was basically finished,stabilization of heavy metals did not vary after curing for 1 d.The mixtures of cement and fly ash had excellent adaptability to environmental pH.The pH of leachate was maintained at 7 when pH of leaching liquor varied from 3 to 11.

水泥再生二灰稳定碎石干缩性能影响因素分析

水泥再生二灰稳定碎石实现了废旧二灰稳定碎石基层材料的规模化再生利用,但其强度形成初期易产生干缩裂缝。为解决这一问题,对水泥再生二灰稳定碎石抗干缩性能的影响因素展开研究,首先选取新料及50%、75%和100%的旧料掺配率进行级配设计,测定了不同水泥用量下旧料掺配率对水泥再生二灰稳定碎石7 d无侧限抗压强度及抗干缩性能的影响,确定最佳水泥用量为4.5%;然后在最佳水泥用量下,研究了不同集料粗细比对水泥再生二灰稳定碎石抗压强度及抗干缩性能的影响;最后基于回归分析建立了干缩系数与集料粗细比的回归方程。研究结果表明,随着水泥用量和旧料掺配率的增加,水泥再生二灰稳定碎石的7 d无侧限抗压强度和干缩系数均呈增大趋势;随着集料粗细比的增加,抗压强度呈先增大后减小的趋势,但抗压强度值始终大于规范要求,干缩系数呈先减小后增大的趋势,结合干缩系数与集料粗细比的回归方程,最终确定最佳集料粗细比范围为1.70~1.75,该结果可为水泥再生二灰稳定碎石的设计和施工提供参考。

垃圾焚烧灰渣用于二灰碎石路面基层的试验研究

用城市生活垃圾焚烧灰渣替代部分集料,按照9种不同的配比制备二灰灰渣碎石路面基层材料,进行路用性能试验。结果表明:与普通二灰碎石对比,在相同的二灰含量下,灰渣碎石的最大干密度降低8.8%,而最佳含水量增大38.4%;无侧限抗压强度最高可达1.03 M Pa;粉煤灰含量对材料强度影响较为显著,其中粉煤灰含量减少1%,无侧限抗压强度值降低21%;材料的干缩系数最大为67.2μ/%;石灰与粉煤灰含量越低,材料的干缩应变越小,平均干缩系数也越小,当二灰含量减少2.5%,平均干缩系数降低3.1%。二灰灰渣碎石材料满足基层的相关要求,灰渣可以为公路建设提供可持续的集料来源。

基于抗裂性能的二灰稳定碎石配合比设计

通过正交试验方法确定了二灰砂浆的最佳材料组成比例,根据振实试验得到了二灰稳定碎石混合料中粗集料的最佳级配,运用体积法确定了粗集料与二灰砂浆的合理配比,提出了计算与试验相结合的基于抗裂性能的二灰稳定碎石配合比设计方法;并通过性能试验,验证了该设计方法确定的二灰稳定碎石具有抗裂性能好、强度增长率高的优点。

高硫高烧失量粉煤灰修筑二灰基层的试验研究

研究了硫对高烧失量粉煤灰修筑二灰稳定碎石基层的影响,进行了压蒸膨胀率试验、最佳石灰/粉煤灰的比例试验、不同硫含量的强度对比试验以及高硫含量高烧失量粉煤灰的二灰碎石强度增长试验。研究表明,高烧失量粉煤灰的二灰碎石的强度很低,但试验中含硫量5.7%的此种粉煤灰的强度可以满足规范对路面基层的要求。所以一定硫含量的高烧失量粉煤灰是能够应用于路面基层的。

水泥稳定炉渣碎石基层环境安全性的试验研究

为研究生活垃圾焚烧炉渣应用于道路基层对环境的影响,首先分析炉渣的理化性质和重金属浸出特性,其次通过室内模拟浸出试验,研究炉渣替代率分别为0%、10%、17%和27%的水泥稳定炉渣碎石混合料的重金属浸出特性。结果表明:炉渣内部晶体发育良好,重金属Zn、Cd、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cu浸出浓度低,属无害固废;炉渣参与炉渣碎石的水化反应,使炉渣碎石中针棒状晶体、孔隙数量和孔隙直径明显减少,结构更密实;整个试验过程中,炉渣碎石的Zn、Cd、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cu浸出浓度均低于《填埋标准》和《景观标准》限值,对环境影响较小;但炉渣替代率对炉渣碎石中不同重金属的浸出行为影响不同,尤其对Zn的浸出行为影响较大,因此在实际使用时应通过试验确定合适的炉渣替代率。

三灰碎石快速养生试验及微结构观测对比

为了解决目前公路工程设计和施工周期长的问题,以高温养生作为三灰碎石快速养生的方法,通过试验和电镜扫描技术(SEM),对高温养生、标准养生条件下试样的微结构进行观测对比分析,得到2种养生条件下材料的强度增长关系,从而可用短龄期的高温养生结果确定标准养生龄期180 d的强度。结果表明:通过高温养生可以将养生龄期缩短为25 d左右;可以改善三灰碎石的微结构,提高其早期强度;能快速确定三灰碎石的设计参数和施工配合比设计的主要控制指标。

二灰稳定碎石高温养生与标准养生的微结构分析

通过高温养生手段缩短二灰稳定碎石的养生龄期。利用扫描电镜技术观测分析在高温养生条件下试件的微结构随着龄期的增长而变化的规律;通过对二灰稳定碎石高温养生达到与标准养生180天相同的强度值所对应龄期时的微结构观测对比分析,从本质上研究两种养生条件下稳定材料的强度增长规律关系,进一步验证高温养生缩短半刚性基层无机结合料稳定材料养生龄期的可行性。

二灰稳定碎石基层应用技术

二级公路路面以半刚性基层沥青混凝土路面为主,半刚性基层大多采用水泥稳定碎石和二灰稳定碎石。探讨二灰稳定碎石基层的路用性能及配合比设计的控制方法。

水泥稳定碎石变形性能及其影响因素

研究了水泥稳定碎石和二灰稳定碎石用作路面基层材料时的干燥收缩、温度收缩和抗冻融循环性,并探讨了影响水泥稳定碎石上述性能的因素及其规律.结果表明,水泥稳定碎石的干燥收缩率和温度收缩率均低于二灰稳定碎石,且抗冻融循环性也比二灰稳定碎石理想;水泥含量、集料品种和集料级配等因素对水泥稳定碎石的干燥收缩、温度收缩和抗冻融循环性均有不同程度的影响.另外,对产生有关试验现象的机理也进行了初步探讨.