In the absorption chamber of a high-energy laser energy meter, water is directly used as an absorbing medium and the interaction of the high-power laser and the water flow can produce a variety of physical phenomena s...In the absorption chamber of a high-energy laser energy meter, water is directly used as an absorbing medium and the interaction of the high-power laser and the water flow can produce a variety of physical phenomena such as phase transitions. The unit difference method is adopted to deduce the phase transition model for water flow irradiated by a high-energy laser. In addition, the model is simulated and verified through experiments. Among them, the experimental verification uses the photographic method, shooting the distribution and the form of the air mass of water flow in different operating conditions, which are compared with the simulation results. The research shows that it is achievable to reduce the intensity of the phase transition by increasing the water flow, reducing the power intensity of the beam, shortening the distance the beam covers, reducing the initial water temperature or adopting a shorter wavelength laser. The study＇s results will provide the reference for the design of a water-direct-absorption-type high-energy laser energy meter as well as an analysis of the interaction processes of other similar high-power lasers and water flow.展开更多
This paper examines the two-phase flow for a horizontal well penetrating a naturally fractured reservoir with edge water injection by means of a fixed streamlinemodel,The mathematical model of the verical two-dimensio...This paper examines the two-phase flow for a horizontal well penetrating a naturally fractured reservoir with edge water injection by means of a fixed streamlinemodel,The mathematical model of the verical two-dimensional flow or oil-water for a horizontal well in a medium with double-porosity is established ,and whose accuratesolutions are obtained by using the characteristic method .The saturation distributionsin the fractured system and the matrix system as well as the formula of the time of water free production are presented .All these results provide a theoretical basis and a computing method for oil displacement by edge water from naturally fracturedreservirs.展开更多
Water freezing in rock fractures causes volumetric expansion and fracture development through frost heaving.This study introduces a novel analytical model to investigate how uneven freezing force and surrounding rock ...Water freezing in rock fractures causes volumetric expansion and fracture development through frost heaving.This study introduces a novel analytical model to investigate how uneven freezing force and surrounding rock pressure influence fracture initiation,based on mass conservation,elasticity,and water-ice phase transition principles.A model for rock fracture initiation considering freezing temperature,uneven freezing expansion,in-situ stress,and lateral pressure was proposed based on fracture mechanics.Equations for stress intensity factors were developed and validated using the phase field method.The effects of rock elastic modulus anisotropy and critical fracture energy density on fracture initiation were also discussed.The results show that the values of KI and KII exhibit an upward trend as the freezing temperature,uneven expansion,in-situ stress,and lateral pressure increase.The uneven freezing expansion has the most significant influence on KI and KII values among these parameters.As the uneven freezing expansion coefficient increases to 0.5,the fracture initiation mode shifts from tensile fracture to shear fracture.As the lateral pressure coefficient increases to 1,the fracture initiation mode shifts from tensile fracture to shear fracture.Rock elastic modulus anisotropy causes fractures to propagate in a clockwise direction,forming a'butterfly'pattern.Critical fracture energy density an isotropy causes counterclockwise deviation in propagation direction,resulting in branching paths and an'H'-shaped pattern.展开更多
As concepts closely related to microwave absorption properties,impedance matching and phase matching were rarely combined with material parameters to regulate properties and explore related mechanisms.In this work,red...As concepts closely related to microwave absorption properties,impedance matching and phase matching were rarely combined with material parameters to regulate properties and explore related mechanisms.In this work,reduction–diffusion method was innovatively applied to synthesize rare earth alloy Y_(2)Fe_(17).In order to regulate the electromagnetic parameters of absorbers,the Y_(2)Fe_(17)N_(3-δ)particles were coated with silica(Y_(2)Fe_(17)N_(3-δ)@SiO_(2))and absorbers with different volume fractions were prepared.The relationship between impedance matching,matching thickness,and the strongest reflection loss peak(RLmin)was presented obviously.Compared to the microwave absorption properties of Y_(2)Fe_(17)N_(3-δ)/PU absorber,Y_(2)Fe_(17)N_(3-δ)@SiO_(2)/PU absorbers are more conducive to the realization of microwave absorption material standards which are thin thickness,light weight,strong absorbing intensity,and broad bandwidth.Based on microwave frequency bands,the microwave absorption properties of the absorbers were analyzed and the related parameters were listed.As an important parameter related to perfect matching,reflection factor(√ε_(r)/μ_(r))was discussed combined with microwave amplitude attenuation.According to the origin and mathematical model of bandwidth,the formula of EAB(RL<-10 dB)was derived and simplified.The calculated bandwidths agreed well with experimental results.展开更多
研究采用硫酸铵焙烧—水浸工艺提高菱镁矿的利用效率,结合XRD和TG-DTA分析以及对比硫酸铵焙烧MgO的物相变化得到焙烧过程中矿相的转化过程。实验结果表明,在菱镁矿粒度为~74μm、硫酸铵与菱镁矿物料摩尔比为1.6:1、焙烧温度为475℃和焙...研究采用硫酸铵焙烧—水浸工艺提高菱镁矿的利用效率,结合XRD和TG-DTA分析以及对比硫酸铵焙烧MgO的物相变化得到焙烧过程中矿相的转化过程。实验结果表明,在菱镁矿粒度为~74μm、硫酸铵与菱镁矿物料摩尔比为1.6:1、焙烧温度为475℃和焙烧时间为2 h的条件下,镁的提取率达到98.7%。反应中物相转化过程可以概括如下:MgCO_(3)先转变为(NH_(4))_(2)Mg_(2)(SO_(4))_(3),再分解得到MgSO_(4)。反应遵循化学反应和扩散混合控制机理,其表观活化能为33.02 k J/mol。展开更多
文摘In the absorption chamber of a high-energy laser energy meter, water is directly used as an absorbing medium and the interaction of the high-power laser and the water flow can produce a variety of physical phenomena such as phase transitions. The unit difference method is adopted to deduce the phase transition model for water flow irradiated by a high-energy laser. In addition, the model is simulated and verified through experiments. Among them, the experimental verification uses the photographic method, shooting the distribution and the form of the air mass of water flow in different operating conditions, which are compared with the simulation results. The research shows that it is achievable to reduce the intensity of the phase transition by increasing the water flow, reducing the power intensity of the beam, shortening the distance the beam covers, reducing the initial water temperature or adopting a shorter wavelength laser. The study＇s results will provide the reference for the design of a water-direct-absorption-type high-energy laser energy meter as well as an analysis of the interaction processes of other similar high-power lasers and water flow.
文摘This paper examines the two-phase flow for a horizontal well penetrating a naturally fractured reservoir with edge water injection by means of a fixed streamlinemodel,The mathematical model of the verical two-dimensional flow or oil-water for a horizontal well in a medium with double-porosity is established ,and whose accuratesolutions are obtained by using the characteristic method .The saturation distributionsin the fractured system and the matrix system as well as the formula of the time of water free production are presented .All these results provide a theoretical basis and a computing method for oil displacement by edge water from naturally fracturedreservirs.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51978039).
文摘Water freezing in rock fractures causes volumetric expansion and fracture development through frost heaving.This study introduces a novel analytical model to investigate how uneven freezing force and surrounding rock pressure influence fracture initiation,based on mass conservation,elasticity,and water-ice phase transition principles.A model for rock fracture initiation considering freezing temperature,uneven freezing expansion,in-situ stress,and lateral pressure was proposed based on fracture mechanics.Equations for stress intensity factors were developed and validated using the phase field method.The effects of rock elastic modulus anisotropy and critical fracture energy density on fracture initiation were also discussed.The results show that the values of KI and KII exhibit an upward trend as the freezing temperature,uneven expansion,in-situ stress,and lateral pressure increase.The uneven freezing expansion has the most significant influence on KI and KII values among these parameters.As the uneven freezing expansion coefficient increases to 0.5,the fracture initiation mode shifts from tensile fracture to shear fracture.As the lateral pressure coefficient increases to 1,the fracture initiation mode shifts from tensile fracture to shear fracture.Rock elastic modulus anisotropy causes fractures to propagate in a clockwise direction,forming a'butterfly'pattern.Critical fracture energy density an isotropy causes counterclockwise deviation in propagation direction,resulting in branching paths and an'H'-shaped pattern.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3501300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51731001)the Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization’s Key Research and Development Projects。
文摘As concepts closely related to microwave absorption properties,impedance matching and phase matching were rarely combined with material parameters to regulate properties and explore related mechanisms.In this work,reduction–diffusion method was innovatively applied to synthesize rare earth alloy Y_(2)Fe_(17).In order to regulate the electromagnetic parameters of absorbers,the Y_(2)Fe_(17)N_(3-δ)particles were coated with silica(Y_(2)Fe_(17)N_(3-δ)@SiO_(2))and absorbers with different volume fractions were prepared.The relationship between impedance matching,matching thickness,and the strongest reflection loss peak(RLmin)was presented obviously.Compared to the microwave absorption properties of Y_(2)Fe_(17)N_(3-δ)/PU absorber,Y_(2)Fe_(17)N_(3-δ)@SiO_(2)/PU absorbers are more conducive to the realization of microwave absorption material standards which are thin thickness,light weight,strong absorbing intensity,and broad bandwidth.Based on microwave frequency bands,the microwave absorption properties of the absorbers were analyzed and the related parameters were listed.As an important parameter related to perfect matching,reflection factor(√ε_(r)/μ_(r))was discussed combined with microwave amplitude attenuation.According to the origin and mathematical model of bandwidth,the formula of EAB(RL<-10 dB)was derived and simplified.The calculated bandwidths agreed well with experimental results.
基金appreciate financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51774070,52004165)the Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province,China(No.202101AS070029)。
文摘研究采用硫酸铵焙烧—水浸工艺提高菱镁矿的利用效率,结合XRD和TG-DTA分析以及对比硫酸铵焙烧MgO的物相变化得到焙烧过程中矿相的转化过程。实验结果表明,在菱镁矿粒度为~74μm、硫酸铵与菱镁矿物料摩尔比为1.6:1、焙烧温度为475℃和焙烧时间为2 h的条件下,镁的提取率达到98.7%。反应中物相转化过程可以概括如下:MgCO_(3)先转变为(NH_(4))_(2)Mg_(2)(SO_(4))_(3),再分解得到MgSO_(4)。反应遵循化学反应和扩散混合控制机理,其表观活化能为33.02 k J/mol。
