The intake swirl in the cylinder was induced by a swirler which was fixed in one of two intake ports. In order to understand the characteristics of the intake swirl, a transparent water analog was designed which simul...The intake swirl in the cylinder was induced by a swirler which was fixed in one of two intake ports. In order to understand the characteristics of the intake swirl, a transparent water analog was designed which simulated 150 type single cylinder engine. At the same time, the particle image velocimetry was used to measure the flow fields induced by various swirlers in the analog. After measurement, a new method was presented to evaluate the intensity of the intake swirl. Then, when the measured sections, the lifts of valve and the swirlers were different, the calculated results of the flow field were compared.展开更多
Coseismic water level changes which may have been induced by the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake and its 15 larger aftershocks （Ms〉5.4） have been observed at Tangshan well. We analyze the correlation between coseismic pa...Coseismic water level changes which may have been induced by the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake and its 15 larger aftershocks （Ms〉5.4） have been observed at Tangshan well. We analyze the correlation between coseismic parameters （maximum amplitude, duration, coseismic step and the time when the coseismic reach its maximum amplitude） and earthquake parameters （magnitude, well-epicenter distance and depth）, and then compare the time when the coseismic oscillation reaches its maximum amplitude with the seismogram from Douhe seismic station which is about 16.3 km away from Tangshan well. The analysis indicates that magnitude is the main factor influencing the induced coseismic water level changes, and that the well-epicenter distance and depth have less influence. Ms magnitude has the strongest correlation with the coseismic water level changes comparing to Mw and ML magnitudes. There exists strong correlation between the maximum amplitude, step size and the oscillation duration. The water level oscillation and step are both caused by dynamic strain sourcing from seismic waves. Most of the times when the oscillations reach their maximum amplitudes are between S and Rayleigh waves. The coseismic water level changes are due to the co-effect of seismic waves and hydro-geological environments.展开更多
Water–sand flow triggered by rainfall is the dominant mechanism for instability and failure of sand slopes. To further analyze the stability state of sand on a slope under different rainfall conditions, the initiatio...Water–sand flow triggered by rainfall is the dominant mechanism for instability and failure of sand slopes. To further analyze the stability state of sand on a slope under different rainfall conditions, the initiation conditions and flow characteristics of water–sand flows are studied. Based on the theory of equilibrium forces and hydrological dynamics, a 1：100-scale analog model is built and verified with field observation data. The results indicate three dynamic stabilization stages of the sand slope under different weather conditions： dry sand, wet sand, and water–sand flow. Water–sand flows are triggered easilyunder short duration and heavy rainfall conditions. The rainfall threshold required to initiate water–sand flow is 4.14 mm/h. Rainfall amount and duration required to initiate water–sand flow decrease with fine sand content increasing. A sand head that develops at the front of the water–sand flow results in a flow along the edge of the sand debris flow and a ‘‘tree root’’ flow morphology. Modelingresults are consistent with theoretical analysis and field observations.展开更多
An analogy between water flux and the field of temperature gradient in a column of wood fuel chips was discovered by these experiments.The heat-mass transfer coeffieient was deter-mined by least squares method.An equa...An analogy between water flux and the field of temperature gradient in a column of wood fuel chips was discovered by these experiments.The heat-mass transfer coeffieient was deter-mined by least squares method.An equation relating water flux and tempetature gradient was devel-opcd and it was demonstrated that the tempeature gradient was the main driving force for watertransport.The meehanism was evaporation-condensation of water vaor through natural convcctionin air phase.The study gives a theoretical exlanation for analyzing the problem of water transport inwood particle material.展开更多
This paper mainly investigated the value of the rainwater by introducing a “Logic of Encounter” that is a new logic beyond the logos and lemma through the metaphors which compare the real rainwater to one’s life. A...This paper mainly investigated the value of the rainwater by introducing a “Logic of Encounter” that is a new logic beyond the logos and lemma through the metaphors which compare the real rainwater to one’s life. A consideration regarding sustainable rainwater resource utilization has been described and the main results are summarized in the paper.展开更多
To unlearn the meaning of a sustainable water resource conservation is now an essential issue in using of sustained, sound, and high-quality water in the world. In this paper, a water quality purification by the Schum...To unlearn the meaning of a sustainable water resource conservation is now an essential issue in using of sustained, sound, and high-quality water in the world. In this paper, a water quality purification by the Schumann frequencies was first considered through the murmuring sound of upper reach at the mountain stream (Kyoto Pref., Japan) regarding the conservation of water resources. Second, water is changing freely and easily accepting the wavelength of all the sounds. We therefore referred to a flow and dynamic equilibrium to realize and understand the water quality purification process. Finally, a “consciousness only Buddhist philosophy” of water quality as an analogical approach was introduced to realize and understand the water purification process. As a result, we have confirmed the water purification capability by Schmann frequencies in an experiment on water quality. And through the experiment, we have realized the importance/significance to find the meaning for a person’s primary meaningless such as 1) meaning connection among life, environment, and economics as a condition of human life, 2) energy, entropy and fluctuation under law of thermodynamics, 3) a metaphor between water quality and mutual possession of the ten worlds based on conscious-only theory, and 4) sense of wonder through the water purification process.展开更多
文摘The intake swirl in the cylinder was induced by a swirler which was fixed in one of two intake ports. In order to understand the characteristics of the intake swirl, a transparent water analog was designed which simulated 150 type single cylinder engine. At the same time, the particle image velocimetry was used to measure the flow fields induced by various swirlers in the analog. After measurement, a new method was presented to evaluate the intensity of the intake swirl. Then, when the measured sections, the lifts of valve and the swirlers were different, the calculated results of the flow field were compared.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40574020)Basic Research item of Institute of Earthquake Science, China Earthquake Administration (No. 0207690236).
文摘Coseismic water level changes which may have been induced by the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake and its 15 larger aftershocks （Ms〉5.4） have been observed at Tangshan well. We analyze the correlation between coseismic parameters （maximum amplitude, duration, coseismic step and the time when the coseismic reach its maximum amplitude） and earthquake parameters （magnitude, well-epicenter distance and depth）, and then compare the time when the coseismic oscillation reaches its maximum amplitude with the seismogram from Douhe seismic station which is about 16.3 km away from Tangshan well. The analysis indicates that magnitude is the main factor influencing the induced coseismic water level changes, and that the well-epicenter distance and depth have less influence. Ms magnitude has the strongest correlation with the coseismic water level changes comparing to Mw and ML magnitudes. There exists strong correlation between the maximum amplitude, step size and the oscillation duration. The water level oscillation and step are both caused by dynamic strain sourcing from seismic waves. Most of the times when the oscillations reach their maximum amplitudes are between S and Rayleigh waves. The coseismic water level changes are due to the co-effect of seismic waves and hydro-geological environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grants Nos. 41662020 and 41462012)
文摘Water–sand flow triggered by rainfall is the dominant mechanism for instability and failure of sand slopes. To further analyze the stability state of sand on a slope under different rainfall conditions, the initiation conditions and flow characteristics of water–sand flows are studied. Based on the theory of equilibrium forces and hydrological dynamics, a 1：100-scale analog model is built and verified with field observation data. The results indicate three dynamic stabilization stages of the sand slope under different weather conditions： dry sand, wet sand, and water–sand flow. Water–sand flows are triggered easilyunder short duration and heavy rainfall conditions. The rainfall threshold required to initiate water–sand flow is 4.14 mm/h. Rainfall amount and duration required to initiate water–sand flow decrease with fine sand content increasing. A sand head that develops at the front of the water–sand flow results in a flow along the edge of the sand debris flow and a ‘‘tree root’’ flow morphology. Modelingresults are consistent with theoretical analysis and field observations.
文摘An analogy between water flux and the field of temperature gradient in a column of wood fuel chips was discovered by these experiments.The heat-mass transfer coeffieient was deter-mined by least squares method.An equation relating water flux and tempetature gradient was devel-opcd and it was demonstrated that the tempeature gradient was the main driving force for watertransport.The meehanism was evaporation-condensation of water vaor through natural convcctionin air phase.The study gives a theoretical exlanation for analyzing the problem of water transport inwood particle material.
文摘This paper mainly investigated the value of the rainwater by introducing a “Logic of Encounter” that is a new logic beyond the logos and lemma through the metaphors which compare the real rainwater to one’s life. A consideration regarding sustainable rainwater resource utilization has been described and the main results are summarized in the paper.
文摘To unlearn the meaning of a sustainable water resource conservation is now an essential issue in using of sustained, sound, and high-quality water in the world. In this paper, a water quality purification by the Schumann frequencies was first considered through the murmuring sound of upper reach at the mountain stream (Kyoto Pref., Japan) regarding the conservation of water resources. Second, water is changing freely and easily accepting the wavelength of all the sounds. We therefore referred to a flow and dynamic equilibrium to realize and understand the water quality purification process. Finally, a “consciousness only Buddhist philosophy” of water quality as an analogical approach was introduced to realize and understand the water purification process. As a result, we have confirmed the water purification capability by Schmann frequencies in an experiment on water quality. And through the experiment, we have realized the importance/significance to find the meaning for a person’s primary meaningless such as 1) meaning connection among life, environment, and economics as a condition of human life, 2) energy, entropy and fluctuation under law of thermodynamics, 3) a metaphor between water quality and mutual possession of the ten worlds based on conscious-only theory, and 4) sense of wonder through the water purification process.
