Height Detection and Analysis of Water Flowing Fractured Zone of Coal Face

Taking 91105 working face as the research object, the observation method of water flowing fractured zone and the layout of mining holes were determined by analyzing the field geological structure. It was shown that the fractured zone height and the ratio given by the measured method were 52.33 and 12.46, respectively. By the numerical simulation method with the software of UDEC, the fractured zone height and the ratio were 42.5 and 10.12. By comparison of measured height data and UDEC numerical simulation, there were some differences between the measured height and the calculated results of UDEC numerical simulation method. The method of simulation can be used as the technical basis for the design of waterproof coal pillar in the future.

Experimental study on the flow behaviour of water-sand mixtures in fractured rock specimens

The study of flow behaviour of water-sand mixtures in fractured rocks is of great necessity to understand the producing mechanism and prevention of water inrush and sand gushing accidents.A self-developed seepage test system is used in this paper to conduct laboratory experiments in order to study the influence of the particle size distribution,the void ratio,and the initial mass of Aeolian sand on the flow behavior.It is concluded that the water flow velocity is insensitive to the initial mass of the Aeolian sand but increases with the power exponent in the Talbot formula and the specimen height.The outflow of the Aeolian sand increases with the power exponent in the Talbot formula,the specimen height,and the initial mass of the Aeolian sand.Besides,the outflow of the Aeolian sand changes exponentially with the water flow velocity.Finally,it is found that the fractured specimen has a maximum sand filtration capacity beyond which the outflow of the Aeolian sand significantly increases with the initial mass of the Aeolian sand.

Height prediction of water flowing fractured zones based on BP artificial neural network

Factures caused by deformation and destruction of bedrocks over coal seams can easily lead to water flooding(inrush)in mines,a threat to safety production.Fractures with high hydraulic conductivity are good watercourses as well as passages for inrush in mines and tunnels.An accurate height prediction of water flowing fractured zones is a key issue in today's mine water prevention and control.The theory of leveraging BP artificial neural network in height prediction of water flowing fractured zones is analysed and applied in Qianjiaying Mine as an example in this paper.Per the comparison with traditional calculation results,the BP artificial neural network better reflects the geological conditions of the research mine areas and produces more objective,accurate and reasonable results,which can be applied to predict the height of water flowing fractured zones.

Predicting the height of water-flow fractured zone during coal mining under the Xiaolangdi Reservoir

It is very important to determine the extent of the fractured zone through which water can flow before coal mining under the water bodies.This paper deals with methods to obtain information about overburden rock failure and the development of the fractured zone while coal mining in Xin'an Coal Mine.The risk of water inrush in this mine is great because 40%of the mining area is under the Xiaolangdi reservoir.Numerical simulations combined with geophysical methods were used in this paper to obtain the development law of the fractured zone under different mining conditions.The comprehensive geophysical method described in this paper has been demonstrated to accurately predict the height of the water-flow fractured zone.Results from the new model, which created from the results of numerical simulations and field measurements,were successfully used for making decisions in the Xin'an Coal Mine when mining under the Xiaolangdi Reservoir.Industrial scale experiments at the number 11201,14141 and 14191 working faces were safely carried out.These achievements provide a successful background for the evaluation and application of coal mining under large reservoirs.

Forecasting water disaster for a coal mine under the Xiaolangdi reservoir

Xin’an coal mine, Henan Province, faces the risk of water inrush because 40% of the area of the coal mine is under the surface water of the Xiaolangdi reservoir. To forecast water disaster, an effective aquifuge and a limit of water infiltration were determined by rock-phase analysis and long term observations of surface water and groundwater. By field monitoring, as well as physical and numerical simulation experiments, we obtained data reflecting different heights of a water flow fractured zone (WFFZ) under different mining conditions, derived a formula to calculate this height and built a forecasting model with the aid of GIS. On the basis of these activities, the coal mine area was classified into three sub-areas with different potential of water inrush. In the end, our research results have been applied in and verified by industrial mining experiments at three working faces and we were able to present a successful example of coal mining under a large reservoir.

Optimum Calculation of Coal Pillars in Inclined Weathered Oxidation Zone

In the mining process of coal mine,waterproof coal pillars should be set between the weathered oxidation zone and the first mining face.In order to determine the reasonable upper limit of the first mining face of Hongyi Coal Mine,the waterproof coal pillar needs to be wide enough to resist the lateral hydrostatic pressure of the oxidation zone,and to ensure that the top plate aquifer does not run through the water guide crack zone,while also liberating as much stagnant coal as possible.In this paper,the first coal mine face’s waterproof coal pillar was calculated using conventional and optimized calculation methods,taking into account the dip angle of the coal seam,the height of the water-guide crack zone,and the rock shift influence zone,and finally the upper limit of the first face of Hongyi Coal Mine was determined.

高家堡井田二盘区导水裂隙带高度实测研究

为了查明煤层顶板导水裂隙发育规律,采用地面钻孔分段注水测试和钻孔窥视方法实测了高家堡井田204工作面和205工作面煤层顶板导水裂隙带发育高度。研究结果表明:(1)205工作面DT1钻孔位置煤层顶板导水裂隙带发育高度为327.75 m,裂采比25.81。(2)204工作面DT2钻孔位置煤层顶板导水裂隙带发育高度为197.85 m,裂采比35.33。(3)高家堡井田二盘区导水裂隙带实测结果丰富了黄陇煤田综放采煤覆岩破坏规律。

缓倾斜煤层综采工作面覆岩“两带”高度研究

随着矿井开采向深部发展,矿井水害风险逐渐增加,准确掌握工作面采空区覆岩“两带”即垮落带、导水裂隙带发育高度,对矿井顶板水害防治、合理留设防隔水煤(岩)柱意义较大。本文采用理论计算、UDEC数值模拟、压水测试3种方法,对青云煤矿020202综采工作面覆岩“两带”发育高度进行了研究,3种方法相互验证,最终得出该工作面垮落带最大高度为10.3 m,冒采比为4.12;导水裂隙带最大高度为41.6 m,裂采比为16.64,该结果可以为矿井的安全生产提供科学指导。

地质构造带大巷顶板淋水注浆封堵技术

以中六运输大巷断层影响范围内顶板淋水防治为工程背景,提出采用RSS化学浆液对顶板淋水区进行快速封堵,同时采用U型钢架棚+聚氨酯浆液强化围岩支护强度,避免围岩变形产生新的导水裂隙。结合现场条件,对具体采用的顶板淋水注浆封堵技术方案进行设计,并进行工程应用。现场应用后,中六运输大巷顶板淋水问题得到较好解决,巷道围岩变形控制在安全范围内,采用的技术方案可满足中六运输大巷后续安全使用需要。

倾斜采场覆岩突水危险性分布式光纤监测研究

掌握采场覆岩导水裂隙带情况是顶板水害防治的重要依据,通过在恒晋煤矿E9103倾斜工作面上覆岩层布设分布式光纤,监测分析E9103倾斜采场覆岩导水裂隙带的基本信息。监测结果表明:E9103倾斜工作面冒落带发育高度13.5~18.13 m,导水裂隙带发育高度60.6~62.2 m,发育至上部泥岩层中,基本不受老空区积水影响,回采过程中应注意富水异常区。

高庄煤业隐蔽致灾地质因素分析及防治措施

煤矿隐蔽致灾地质因素具有隐蔽性、时变性、突发性等,探测和预防难度大。煤矿开采过程中的几大灾害事故,多数与隐蔽致灾地质因素紧密相关。通过开展煤矿隐蔽致灾地质因素普查,推动煤矿企业强化安全基础工作,提升安全保障能力,进一步减少事故总量,有效防范和遏制煤矿重特大灾害事故,为煤矿制定防灾措施和安全生产奠定基础。

综采一次采全高工作面导水裂隙带发育高度研究

本文以东坡矿东部区为工程背景,对工作面导水裂隙带发育高度进行研究分析。优化经验公式参数,建立导水裂缝带高度预测模型,通过搜集多个矿井数据,对工作面导水裂隙带影响因素进行PAST软件相关性统计分析,确定影响因素及其比值由重到轻分别为:采深(0.93)、关键层间距(0.82)、工作面斜长(0.68)和采高(0.35),并建立导水裂隙带解析式。通过与实测数据对比,确定预测模型绝对误差保持在4.40%以内,符合误差要求。

再论采场“三带”的划分方法及工程应用

为解决现有导水裂隙带发育高度确定方法存在的不足展开了研究,研究基于采场覆岩"三带"的划分展开。采用相似模拟实验、理论分析及现场验证等方法和手段,通过理论分析并结合相似模拟实验发现,一次采出煤层厚度、工作面开采范围、覆岩残余碎胀系数、关键层与煤层之间的距离以及关键层自身的运动特点均是影响采场覆岩"三带"分布的影响因素。在此基础上,提出了基于关键层稳定及断裂后运动特点的采场覆岩"三带"划分的新方法及其适用条件。应用所提方法对祁东煤矿7130工作面、6130工作面、7121工作面、补连塔煤矿41301工作面、潞安煤矿6206工作面实际地质与开采情况进行划分结果的验证,结果表明,新方法更接近实测数据。

断裂及其伴生微构造对不同类型储层的改造机理

断裂带具有典型的二元结构,即断层核和破碎带。由于断层核、破碎带与母岩间的物性具有一定差异,断裂在低-非孔隙性岩石和高孔隙性岩石中的表现形式明显不同,使其对储层物性具有相反的改造作用。传统观点认为,储层受力变形均会形成裂缝,而实际上高孔隙性储层中发育的是变形带,会降低储层的物性。中国含油气盆地多为陆相盆地,储盖层普遍为砂泥互层地层,受岩石固结程度、泥质含量、物性等因素影响,断裂在砂泥互层地层中具有6种断裂带结构类型:解聚型断裂带、碎裂型断裂带、层状硅酸盐-框架断层岩型断裂带、断层角砾岩型断裂带、断层泥型断裂带和涂抹型断裂带。以松辽盆地大庆长垣葡萄花油层高孔隙性储层和徐家围子断陷营城组致密火山岩储层为例,系统剖析断裂伴生微构造类型及其对储层反向改造作用。通过对大庆长垣杏树岗背斜带过断裂带钻探X7-20-S632井的岩心观察,发现断裂滑动面周围伴生大量变形带,且随着距滑动面距离增加,变形带密度越来越小。微观结构特征研究表明,变形带具有比母岩更低的孔渗性。徐家围子断陷营城组为致密的火山岩储层,储层变形后形成裂缝,徐中、徐东断裂两侧伴生裂缝密度随着距断裂距离增加逐渐减小,统计表明,断裂附近火山岩储层较远离断裂储层的孔隙度明显提高。依据断层核、破碎带的分布规律,建立了理想的地质模型,模拟了断裂伴生微构造的发育对流体流动效率的影响。结果表明,当储层中的变形带或裂缝发育达到一定程度时,对流体流动具有明显的阻滞或输导作用,因此,断裂及伴生微构造对储层物性具有反向改造作用。

导水断裂带发育高度的数值模拟

结合工程实例,采用ANSYS-2D,FLAC-2D和FLAC-3D程序对导水断裂带发育规律进行了大量计算和分析,认为:ANSYS-2D宜采用主应变指标来确定;FLAC-2D宜采用塑性区范围来确定;FLAC-3D宜采用应变增量(曲率)指标来确定.

龙口北皂矿海域下H2106综放面井下导高观测

水体下采煤需要观测采场覆岩导水裂缝带高度(简称导高)。龙口北皂矿海域H2106综放面地表为海水,为了解决地表海水区难以施工导高观测钻孔的技术难题,在井下采用仰斜钻孔与井下导高观测仪进行了导高观测,该方法钻孔工程量小且观测精度高。在H2106综放面共设置3个观测剖面,施工了4个采前对比观测钻孔和8个采后导高观测钻孔,并利用顶板覆岩中泥灰岩含水层开采前后其含水量的变化判断导水裂缝带上限。实测得出H2106综放面导高值为38.8m,导高与采厚比为9.5。对于龙口矿区软弱岩层,导高观测的最佳时段为采后10～20d。

松散层下覆岩裂隙采后闭合效应及重复开采覆岩破坏预测

为研究开采覆岩裂隙发育的时间效应和为残煤复采评价提供依据。采用彩色钻孔电视、冲洗液漏失量观测、岩芯RQD指标等对厚松散含水层下煤层开采15 a后的覆岩裂隙闭合效应进行了研究。结果表明:距煤层顶板较远的岩体裂隙张开度、裂隙率均较小且易闭合,距煤层顶板较近的岩体裂隙张开度大、裂隙率大且未能闭合,开采15 a后覆岩导水裂隙高度比煤层开采结束时的最大导水裂隙带高度降低了近40%,垮落带高度稍有降低。对比分析发现,开采后的覆岩岩块平均强度比开采前降低了约20%,采用Hoek-Brown经验公式换算得到破碎岩体单轴抗压强度仅为0.237 MPa,破碎岩体抗压强度已小于自重应力值,处于"潜塑"状态。因此,残留煤层的重复开采覆岩破坏高度计算时,覆岩应按软弱岩类型考虑。计算表明,杨庄煤矿3号煤层复采厚度2和3 m时,分别留设15.7和18.2 m的防砂安全煤柱即可起到防溃砂作用。

急倾斜煤层开采覆岩变形分析及其应用

分析了碎屑结构煤系地层岩体变形破坏的岩体力学特征及断裂带导水机理,认为岩体体积扩容是工作面顶板破坏内导水性增强、形成导水断裂带的根本原因.应用FLAC3D模拟分析了连续介质、大变形条件下急倾斜特厚煤层开采引起的覆岩体积应变分区特征,分为连续介质条件下的内部塑性破坏-压缩区、扩容区及外部弹性压缩区.依据垮落带形成过程中的体积变化特征,将连续介质条件下获得的内部塑性破坏-压缩区划为垮落带;扩容区划为断裂带;以分隔扩容区与外部弹性压缩区的体积应变0等值线最大高度确定防水煤柱高度.此方法应用于开滦赵各庄2137急倾斜特厚煤层开采工作面,确定上部防水煤柱高度为63.8 m.

覆岩离层区积水引发的采场突水机制研究

通过工程探测和理论分析,就海孜煤矿745工作面巨厚火成岩条件下顶板异常突水事故的机制进行深入研究。研究结果表明:距开采煤层62 m的巨厚火成岩下封闭的离层区积水是引发745工作面异常突水的水源;按传统估算方法计算导水裂隙高度为25.3～36.5 m,不会沟通巨厚火成岩下的离层区积水,但由于离层区积水的载荷传递作用,导致下部2层亚关键层发生复合破断,使得顶板导水裂隙高度异常发育,沟通了离层区积水,这是引发745工作面异常突水事故的原因。突水机制表明,可以通过向积水离层区施工放水钻孔的方法来防治此类突水事故。

厚覆基岩下煤层开采突水溃砂机理研究

为了揭示较厚上覆基岩煤层开采顶板突水溃砂灾害的形成机理,以照金煤矿突水溃砂事故为例,结合最新补勘地质资料,从导水通道、充水水源、物源、储水空间、动力源和地质构造等多方面对该类型灾害机制进行综合分析。研究结果表明:在采动条件影响下,富水性弱~中等的洛河组含水层也可能发生破坏极大的水害事故;较厚上覆基岩煤层开采顶板突水溃砂的发生并非单一因素造成,而是由多个因素相互作用最终造成水砂混合流运移和突溃的现象;照金矿202工作面综放开采产生的导水裂隙带导通洛河组含水层,水进入宜君组与直罗组之间的离层空腔,随着积水量增加,渗入煤系含水层和古河床相松散体中形成似泥石流体,并会沿工作面切落形成的集中通道瞬间溃入工作面,导致煤层顶板上覆较厚基岩发生突水溃砂。