Structural Design and Performance Analysis of a Deep-Water Ball Joint Seal

To overcome the current difficulties of high-precision machining and the high manufacturing and maintenance costs of spherical seals for deep-water drilling ball joints,a new spherical seal technique is proposed in this paper.The spherical seal is mainly composed of silicone rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE).Rational structural design makes the seal independent from the ball and other components,making it easy to replace if leakage occurs at its surface.PTFE can elastically deform over a certain deformation range,which guarantees that two sealing surfaces fit tightly together.O-Ring and PTFE elasticity makes up for any lack of accuracy during spherical machining and decreases the machining precision requirements for spherical surfaces.Using a finite element technique and nonlinear theory,the performance of the spherical seal under the influence of various factors is determined.The results show that the spherical seal designed in this paper exhibits excellent sealing performance under lowtemperature and high-pressure conditions.The spherical seal,a combination of an O-ring and PTFE,has the advantages of cheap manufacturing and maintenance costs and excellent sealing performance.

Simulation of distribution of radiation energy density in water balls

The distribution of energy deposition density in radiate region and its surrounding areas from γ-rays wassimulated and analyzed for a water-ball model with Geant4 package(Geant4.7.0,2005) developed by CERN (theCenter of European Research of Nucleus). The results show that the distribution depends strongly on the collimatingcondition of radiation beam. A well-collimated beam would reduce radiation effects on surrounding areas.

The Impact and Intervention of Handheld Tai Chi Water-Resistance Fitness Ball on Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Through the use of a survey and statistical methods, this study explores the effects and interventions of handheld Tai Chi water resistance fitness balls on the elderly with Parkinson’s disease. Firstly, a questionnaire on exercise compliance for patients with Parkinson’s disease was developed, and its reliability and validity were tested. Then, a survey was conducted to investigate the current status of exercise compliance among Parkinson’s disease patients, including general information, scoring status, and single and multiple factor analyses of influencing factors [1]. The results of the study show that through qualitative research, the dimensions and item pools of the questionnaire were initially constructed, and the reliability analysis of the questionnaire was conducted through Delphi expert consultation, with favorable results in terms of its reliability and validity [2]. Regarding the current status of exercise compliance among Parkinson’s disease patients, the study found that the level of exercise compliance needs improvement, and there are significant differences in exercise compliance levels among patients under different circumstances. Finally, the research results were discussed and conclusions were drawn. The innovation of this study lies in the development of a questionnaire on exercise compliance for patients with Parkinson’s disease and the preliminary qualitative research and Delphi expert consultation conducted on it, providing new ideas and methods for the study of exercise compliance. However, the study also has limitations as it did not examine the effects of other interventions on Parkinson’s disease, so further research should be conducted [3].

Treatment of ASP produced water with hydrophilic fibre ball filtration

The conventional treatment process cannot meet the need for treatment of produced water from alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding(ASP produced water) in Daqing oilfield. In this study,a new type of hydrophilic fibre ball medium was developed through surface modification method. The hydrophilic property of the surface modified fibre ball was tested with ASP produced liquid at laboratory. The results showed that this fibre ball had higher oil degreasing efficiency. The surface components were also observed by Scanning Electron Microscope and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy,the result showed that the hydrophilic fibre’s surface was covered by sulfonic group. Using hydrophilic fibre ball as filter medium,a new type of filter was designed to treat ASP produced water in pilot-scale experiments. The obtained results indicated that this type of filter had high capability and efficiency for the treatment of ASP produced water. This filter should have a better application prospect in oilfield produced water treatment.

磁场辅助冻结对汤圆粉团品质的影响

目的:为了探究磁场辅助冻结对汤圆粉团冻结品质的影响,开发新型辅助冻结方式在米面制品上的应用,研究不同磁场强度下辅助冻结对汤圆粉团品质变化。方法:采用平板冻结加磁场辅助的方式冷冻汤圆粉团,测定汤圆粉团冻结速率、失水率、色度、质构特性、糊化特性、可冻结水含量和水分结合状态等指标,揭示磁场辅助冻结对其品质的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比较,经磁场辅助冻结后汤圆粉团冻结速率、失水率、色度、质构特性、糊化特性和可冻结水含量等均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。磁场辅助冻结的汤圆粉团在24 Gs时冻结速率加快,进入最大冰晶生成带时间提前4 min,使得冰晶体积变小;失水率降低了37.57%,亮度提高了3.63%,透光度提高了14.92%和硬度下降了11.74%。从水分结合状态上看,汤圆粉团的可冻结水含量明显低于对照组,在24 Gs时降低了11.64%;然而,磁场辅助冻结后汤圆粉团的峰值黏度增加7.81%,回生值增加3.93%;水分结合状态上未见显著性差异。结论:在磁场强度为24 Gs时汤圆粉团的冻结品质最佳,可明显改善汤圆粉团的失水率、色度、硬度、可冻结水含量等品质指标。研究结果为磁场辅助冻结在米面制品上的应用提供了参考。

Al-Sn复合材料的制备及其水反应产氢效率

为提高Al和水的反应活性,采用高能球磨法制备了Al-Sn复合材料,通过SEM、激光粒径分析、XRD等方法表征了Al-Sn复合物的微观结构,研究了Al-Sn复合材料的水反应活性,考察了颗粒粒径、水介质、起始温度、球磨参数变化对Al-Sn复合物水反应活性的影响。实验结果表明,高能球磨法及金属Sn的加入能够大幅提高Al与水反应的活性,制备的Al-Sn复合材料与水反应的氢气产率达83.92%,快速期最大产氢速率为359mL/(min·g)。

水电站进水口闸门未正常闭门分析及处理

针对水电站进水口事故闸门动水落门时未在要求时间内正常闭门的问题,通过对比分析不同工况下落门过程曲线,结合现场观察,推断是在电站出现故障引起闸门动水落门过程中,由于闸门、油缸启闭机振动相对较大,液压启闭机有杆腔高压球阀自由转动而关闭所导致。为此加设了液压启闭机有杆腔高压球阀锁定装置,确保球阀不会自由转动;并建议高压球阀应选择全开位置带有锁定装置的型号;优化油管的空间结构和管道支撑结构布置,减小管道振动;对大尺寸的混流式水轮发电机组应进行过渡过程工况的动水落门试验。

浮球覆盖下水面能量平衡再建与蒸发模型研究

针对干旱区平原水库蒸发强烈导致水资源利用率低的问题,选用黑色高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)浮球作为干旱区平原水库节水材料。通过理论分析、建模与室外试验三者结合,对完整非冰冻期内浮球覆盖下水面蒸发、水体能量平衡组分变化分布的响应机理进行研究,并在此基础上建立相应的水面蒸发量计算模型。结果显示:相较于自由水面,73%的浮球覆盖率下的整体水面净辐射吸收率减小约12.6%,其月均蒸发所需潜热通量减少了61.8%,约为148.73 W/m^(2),水体的感热通量和蓄热通量也有较大的变化。通过对彭曼模型的能量项和空气动力项进行修正,建立的覆盖条件下的水面蒸发量计算模型具有较高的精度。

V型球阀的米浆流量实验研究

建立一种符合实际生产的米浆流量模型对提高米粉生产标准化至关重要。对比以往的一次函数、二次函数和指数函数孔口流量模型,提出一种幂函数孔口流量模型,利用软件Origin的LMA算法的非线性最小二乘法拟合4种函数流量模型。结果表明:4种模型均通过了卡方检验及F检验,幂函数的调整R平方最高且残差平方和最小,说明幂函数流量模型拟合效果最好。为孔口流量模型提供了一种新的幂函数参考。

渤海低渗油田水处理工艺研究

渤海低渗油田开发是未来产量接替、稳产增产的重要组成部分,但海上现有低渗水处理规模小,工艺流程差异性大。通过总结海上现有低渗水处理工艺流程及应用效果,并对比分析了海上应用的膜过滤及改性纤维球过滤器两种低渗水处理技术的特点,在渤海油田标准化水处理工艺流程基础上,提出了斜板除油器-气浮-核桃壳过滤器-双介质过滤器-膜过滤/改性纤维球过滤器的低渗水处理工艺流程,并对低渗水处理技术发展及流程设计提出了建议,以期为渤海低渗油田的开发设计提供指导借鉴,进一步推动渤海低渗油田的开发利用。

Study of Wastewater Advanced Treatment and Reclaimed Water Reuse for a Large General Hospital

A combined process of biological aerated filter,fiber ball filter and chlorine dioxide disinfection was used to treat effluent of primary hospital wastewater in Jinan.Its treatment capacity was designed as 400m^3/d based on the reclaimed water demand of the large general hospital.The quality of the effluent can meet the requirements of the Reuse of Urban Recycling Water——Water Quality Standard for Urban Miscellaneous Water Consumption(GB/T18920-2002).The project has less site area,low investment and operation cost and high automatic control level,so it can provide scientific references for design and operation of similar projects.

响应面法优化草鱼鱼丸复合抗冻剂的研究

鱼糜制品在冻藏过程中随着温度的波动,凝胶强度和品质逐渐下降,最终失去感官价值。该研究以草鱼鱼糜为主要原料,首先考察了海藻糖、VE和蔗糖脂肪酸酯添加量对鱼丸的持水率、TBARS值、挥发性盐基氮、水分迁移和感官评分的影响,再通过Box-Behnken实验设计和响应面方差分析优化了复配抗冻剂的最佳配方。结果表明,以鱼糜质量为基准,当海藻糖添加量为3.01%、VE添加量为0.1%、蔗糖脂肪酸酯添加量为0.09%时,草鱼鱼丸反复冻融3次的持水率为87.54%,不易流动水占比为88.16%,与预测值无显著性差异(P>0.05)。该研究为后续研发“低甜和低热”且天然无副作用的抗冻剂提供了理论依据。

一种带魔术球外壳的可变直径轮设计

文中提出了一种外部使用魔术球折纸结构内部使用多连杆支架的可变直径轮,所谓的魔术球折纸图案是一种众所周知的图案,它可从长圆柱形管变成扁平圆形圆柱。经过改进的魔术球外壳与经过特殊设计的多连杆支架同步运动,得益于魔术球结构外壳对多连杆的遮护,此款可变形车轮在恶劣工况下有更强的适应能力。此外,通过对车轮结构的运动学模型分析,可以得到车轮的折展半径和变形执行器的位置关系,并通过试验进行了验证。

疫苗生产厂房冷水机组可移动式胶球清洗装置的应用

随着生物医药及大健康产业项目的飞速发展,生物厂房的建设和使用需求不断增加,冷水机组作为最基础的保障设施,使用数量和技术也随之提高,在冷水机组冷凝器胶球清洗的实践过程中,不仅需要解决设备成本、混合布管、胶球使用寿命等技术问题,也要根据实际情况选择高效运行装置的方法。通过剖析各类胶球清洗装置效果,以提升冷凝器清洗效率为目标,重点研究胶球清洗装置与疫苗生产厂房冷水机组的适配性,提出以移动式胶球清洗冷水机组冷凝器的解决方案。基于此,对移动式胶球清洗装置在冷水机组中的具体应用进论述和分析,为冷水机组冷凝器清洗提供新的技术和方法。

近水密度调堵球智能封堵可视化模拟实验设计及装置

近水密度调堵球注入工艺受井筒工作液密度、流体流速和井斜角等因素的影响,导致密度窗口调整精度低,进而造成调堵球的井筒坐封困难以及调堵措施有效率低。根据现场工况,研制了近水密度调堵球智能封堵可视化模拟实验装置,可准确模拟近水密度调堵球不同工况下的封堵率。实验结果表明:近水密度调堵球运移携带液体的最佳流速为12.20~15.70 L/min,单一密度调堵球封堵率较低,仅在水平井工况可实现60%~80%的封堵率;复合密度调堵球适用于不同井斜工况,炮眼封堵率可达到100%。该装置的模拟工况与现场施工工况符合度高,可为油田生产中注水、酸化等调堵措施的工艺参数设计提供指导。

HDPE浮球覆盖率对消减水面蒸发及水质的影响

为探究物理材料覆盖水面消减水面蒸发和对水体水质的影响,采用直径为10 cm的HDPE黑色浮球作为覆盖材料,5个直径和高度均为1 m的塑胶桶作为蒸发器,对浮球不同覆盖率下的防蒸发效果及水面微气候和水质的变化情况进行研究,采集试验数据并用SPSS软件进行相关性分析。结果表明:抑制蒸发率与浮球覆盖率成二次曲线关系,控盐率与节水率成正比且满足线性关系。浮球覆盖水面虽有稍微增加水温的负面效果,但能改变水面微气候,当覆盖率为73%时,水气间传质系数减小56.3%,近水面湿度增加12.9%。浮球覆盖水面后,减缓了水体矿化度、pH值、电导率、悬浮物含量等指标的增加速率。水面覆盖浮球能达到较好的节水效果,且对水体水质的恶化起到一定延缓作用。

暂阻球对急倾斜煤层水力压裂造缝的影响研究

在急倾斜煤层水压致裂过程中,滤失是影响压裂效果的最主要因素之一。目前针对煤矿水力压裂滤失效应没有很好的方法进行解决,但石油领域的暂阻球可以有效解决滤失问题。因此,首先以注水速率作为主要变量,以乌东煤矿作为研究背景,进行实验室真三轴水力压裂实验,选择其中未压裂条件,借鉴石油领域暂阻球的作用机理,研究暂阻球对水力压裂造缝的影响规律。通过研究主要得出了以下结论:注水速率是影响水力压裂的主要因素,且当注水速率为157 m L/s时能够将煤样进行压裂;暂阻球只对煤层层理方向与最大主应力方向垂直条件才有显著作用。

新型水基润滑剂的合成与性能研究

为了解决钻头泥包难题以提高深井钻探效率,采用胶束共聚法合成了一种新型的水基润滑剂。研究了单体配比、引发剂浓度和聚合时间对水基润滑剂的润滑性能的影响。研究结果表明,该水基润滑剂的最佳合成条件为丙烯酰胺、α-烯烃磺酸钠和三羟乙基烯丙基氯化铵的最佳摩尔比为1:1:6,引发剂过硫酸铵的加量为0.3%,聚合时间为3h。当水基润滑剂加量为2.0%时,具有较好的防泥包效果,且在渤钻土中的润滑系数降低率达到70%以上。该水基润滑剂具有典型的低分子量结构,在现场浆中对模拟钻头(钨钢棒)具有显著的防泥包效果,在放大实验中具有稳定的可重复性能,具有潜在的实际现场应用价值。

Al/PTFE亚稳态分子间复合物的制备及其在高温水蒸汽中的反应性能研究

为了提高铝与高温水蒸汽的反应活性,采用机械球磨法在不同球磨时间下制备得到了铝基聚四氟乙烯亚稳态分子间复合物(Al/PTFE);通过扫描电镜、激光粒径分析仪、X射线衍射、同步热分析仪研究了Al/PTFE的微观形貌、晶型及氧化性能;利用水蒸汽反应装置研究了Al/PTFE在高温水蒸汽中的点火性能;用扫描电镜、激光粒径分析仪、X射线衍射分析仪研究了Al/PTFE燃烧产物的微观形貌及组成。结果表明,Al/PTFE复合物的形貌随球磨时间的增加由片状向块状转变,粒度随球磨时间的增加而减小;3h球磨制备的Al/PTFE复合物与高温水蒸汽反应时展示出最佳的反应活性,反应产物的中值粒径(D_(50))为17.2μm;3h球磨制备的Al/PTFE复合物在600℃和700℃高温水蒸汽下的点火延迟时间分别为29s和15s,且点火温度比1h和5h球磨制备的Al/PTFE更低。

高水头抽水蓄能电站球阀动水关闭试验研究

高水头抽水蓄能电站机组进水口之前常安装有球阀,且球阀应具备在任何运行过程中动水关闭且不产生有害振动的能力。为检验球阀及其附属设备的动水关闭稳定性,本文进行球阀动水关闭试验。在机组带25%Pr、50%Pr、75%Pr、100%Pr(Pr为额定功率)的情况下分别进行试验,对阀体和支座振动、阀体沿水流方向位移、阀前压力和转轮区压力脉动进行分析。结果表明,在导叶拒动的情况下,进水球阀能可靠地切断水流;机组各部件振动幅值较稳态工况更大,但都未发生异常振动。球阀在带100%Pr的最极端工况下仍能可靠关闭,且球阀及相关设备未产生有害变形和损坏。研究成果可为其他高水头抽水蓄能电站的球阀动水关闭试验提供参考。