Study on the Possible Cause of Water Blooming and the Bloom-Prevention Technology in Lake Qiandaohu

A hypothesis was formulated to explain the possible cause of water bloom occurring inLake Qiandaohu in 1998 and 1999. We tested this hypothesis with a 3-year in situ fieldstudy. The results showed that the reconstruction of the silver carp and bighead carppopulations, without other measures of nutrient control, could prevent the recurrence ofalgal bloom in the lake successfully. This result could serve as an evidence to thesuggested hypothesis for water blooming: The drastic decline of the filter feedingsilver carp and bighead carp in the lake, rather than the nutrients overloading, wasmainly responsible for the algal bloom. According to this study, we suggest a generalhypothesis to the ecological mechanism of algal blooming: The insufficient grazing fromthe phytoplanktivores (top-down control) to the algal reproduction from nutrientsavailable (bottom-up effect) is the radical cause of water blooming, while conventionally,it is primarily attributed to the enrichment of nutrients. Besides, this study showedthat stocking silver carp and bighead carp in lakes could improve water quality, whichis also contrary to the conventional opinion. Finally, this study provided a cost-effective and practicable approach to control water bloom for the large-sized reservoirs,especially when water blooming occurred locally. A net-enclosed aquaculture zone (NEAZ)can be established in the nutrients-exposure area of the waters and stocked with the twocarps, water bloom could be controlled and prevented.

Prevention of Reservoir Water Bloom by Bio-manipulation

Siminghu Reservoir already transformed into ＂ the algae muddy＂ type,and had nonclassical bio-manipulation practice using Hypophthalmichthys molitix and Aristichthys nobilis to feed the plankton,control water bloom and transform the organic matters into fish product. Through the analysis of the limited data,we think that water bloom of Siminghu Reservoir can be prevented to some extent by breeding H. molitix and A. nobilis,and it can slow down eutrophication of reservoir but cannot control the eutrophication tendency. We must take a variety of comprehensive management measures to control eutrophication from the angle of basin control,and guarantee safety of drinking water resources.

Bloom Forming Species of Phytoplankton in Two Coastal Waters in the Southeast Coast of India

The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on bloom-forming phytoplankton species composition and abundance in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters(Southeast coast of India) are reported.Air and surface water temperatures(℃) varied from 25.1 to 30.1 and 24.5 to 28.5,respectively,in the former waters and from 25.5 to 31.2 and 25.0 to 29.3 in the latter waters.The respective salinities varied from 6.0 to 28.5 and 5.0 to 33.1 and the respective pH ranged between 7.0 and 8.3 and 7.2 and 8.3.Correspondingly,the dissolved oxygen content varied from 3.1 to 7.5 and 3.1 to 7.9 mgL-1 while the light extinction coefficient(LEC) values ranged between 3.1 and 10.1 and 1.8 and 11.0.The content ranges of inorganic nutrients,i.e.,nitrate,nitrite,phosphate and silicate(μmolL-1),in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters were:6.5-27.0;1.0-8.9;0.1-3.0 and 15.0-140 and 10.1-23.4;1.2-8.9;0.2-3.1 and 55-125 respectively.The chlorophyll a contents in both waters ranged from 2.0-7.5 μgL-1.Presently,124 phytoplankton species representing different classes were recorded in the Coleroon coast,viz,Bacillariophyceae(77);Dinophyceae(19);Cyanophyceae(15);Chlorophyceae(10) and Chrysophyceae(3),whereas 117 phytoplankton species were recorded in the Parangipettai coast,viz,Bacillariophyceae(66);Dinophyceae(22);Cyanophyceae(19);Chlorophyceae(7) and Chrysophyceae(3).The phytoplankton cell abundance in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters varied from 290 to 111662 and 140 to 132 757 cells L-1,respectively,with peak diversity(3.38 and 3.52 bits ind-1.) recorded in summer.The maximum abundance occurred in summer coinciding with the stable hydrographical conditions.The seasonal distribution and abundance of phytoplankton are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters.Totally 31 and 24 species of phytoplankton were found to be bloom-forming in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters,respectively.Presently Trichodesmium bloom was also observed,which appeared at the 10 fathom level of the coastal water and quickly spread to the marine zone of the Vellar estuary and near the mouth region of the mangrove waters.The Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters are subject to long term fluctuations in physico-chemical conditions depending upon the seasonal tidal range and freshwater influx,resulting in a continuous exchange of organic,inorganic,plant and animal matters.

Comparative study of hydrographic conditions for algal bloom formation in the coastal waters of east and west of Hong Kong during 1998

Phytoplankton abundance was found to be positively correlated with seasonal changes of seawater temperature in Port Shelter and Lamma Channel, Hong Kong in 1998. Rising water temperature from around 20°C to 25°C coincided with an increase in phytoplankton abundance at both locations. Heavy rains from June to September reduced salinity from 30 to 20, but the decrease in salinity was not correlated with a decline in phytoplankton abundance. In spring 1998, over 0.6×106 cells dm-3 and 0.1×106 cells dm-3 of the dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium mikimotoi Miyake et Kominami ex Oda occurred in the coastal waters of Port Shelter and Lamma Channel, respectively. High abundance of the dinoflagellate Ceratium furca (Ehr.) Claparede et Lachmann (>1×106 cells dm-3) produced long-lasting blooms in the waters of Port Shelter from September to October in 1998. The abundances of both diatoms and dinoflagellates were significantly lower in the waters of Lamma Channel than those in Port Shelter due to the less frequent blooms in 1998.

我国城市水源水库水质风险成因及对策

我国城市水源中约40%为湖泊或水库,且大部分为水库,因此水源水库的水质状况对我国城市安全极其关键。本文综述了我国水源水库水质问题研究进展,分析了22个代表性水源水库的周年水质状况。结果发现,当前我国城市水源水库水质风险类型主要是异味问题、藻类水华、铁锰超标、有机质偏高、营养盐超标等。引发水源水库水质问题的主要原因包括流域开发强度过大、库底淤积及内源释放、生态系统结构失衡、气候与水文异常变化等。针对上述主要问题,提出了构建在线水质监测预警体系、控制流域土地开发强度、构建面源拦截及流域净化系统、疏浚底泥、优化生态系统结构、实施应急曝气与控藻工程、完善流域生态保护法律法规等多种水源水库水质安全保障技术措施。鉴于水源水库水质及水生态对暴雨、高温热浪等极端气象响应敏感而复杂,在当前极端天气事件频发、强度不断增加的气候背景下,还应加强水库生态学基础研究,以深入理解水源水库水质对气候变化的响应机制,提高水库水安全保障科技支撑能力,满足我国城市高质量发展的水资源需求。

Physical Hydrography and Algal Bloom Transport in Hong Kong Waters

In sub-tropical coastal waters around Hong Kong, algal blooms and red tides are usually first sighted in the Mirs Bay, in the eastern waters of Hong Kong. A calibrated three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the Pearl River Estuary （Delft3D） has been applied to the study of the physical hydrography of Hong Kong waters and its relationship with algal bloom transport patterns in the dry and wet seasons. The general 3D hydrodynamic circulation and salinity structure in the partially-mixed estuary are presented. Extensive numerical surface drogue tracking experiments are performed for algal blooms that are initiated in the Mirs Bay under different seasonal, wind and tidal conditions. The probability of bloom impact on the Victoria Harbour and nearby urban coastal waters is estimated. The computations show that： i） In the wet season （May - August）, algal blooms initiated in the Mirs Bay will move in a clockwise direction out of the bay, and be transported away from Hong Kong due to SW monsoon winds which drive the SW to NE coastal current; ii） In the dry season （November- April）, algal blooms initiated in the northeast Mirs Bay will move in an anti-clockwise direction and be carried away into southern waters due to the NE to SW coastal current driven by the NE monsoon winds; the bloom typically flows past the east edge of the Victoria Harbeur and nearby waters. Finally, the role of hydrodynamic transport in an important episodic event -- the spring 1998 massive red tide -- is quantitatively examined. It is shown that the strong NE to E wind during late March to early April, coupled with the diurnal tide at the beginning of April, significantly increased the probability of bloom transport into the Port Shelter and East Lamma Channel, resulting in the massive fish kill. The results provide a basis for risk assessment of harmful algal bloom （HAB） impact on urban coastal waters around the Victoria Habour.

2019-2021年中国近海有毒有害微藻和藻毒素分布数据集

中国近海包括渤海、黄海、东海和南海,海洋资源丰富,对国家经济发展有着重要战略意义。近年来,藻类及藻类产生的藻毒素造成的水体安全问题日益严重,中国近海有害藻华的发生频率和规模不断增加。本数据集汇总整理了2019-2021年中国近海有毒有害微藻和藻毒素调查数据,包括3429条微藻数据、33240条微藻分子物种数据、489条浮游植物中藻毒素数据、76条海水中藻毒素数据和440条经济物种体内藻毒素数据。提供数据的各研究团队通过项目内部和国际互校确保检测数据的准确性。为展示中国近海有毒有害微藻和藻毒素的分布情况,提供了115幅微藻分布图和29幅藻毒素分布图。本数据集可以为中国近海有毒有害微藻和藻毒素的时空分布规律研究、有害藻华的预防预警及防治等提供数据支撑。

汛期水库调度对小江水华的影响

为研究三峡水库汛期调度对支流水华的抑制效果,于2022年6月24日—7月3日,跟踪监测三峡水库调度前期、调度期、调度后期代表性支流小江的藻类群落结构与水体理化因子,采用Kruskal-Wallis秩检验分析调度前后的水环境变化,采用Pearson相关分析和逐步回归分析探究藻类与环境因子的关系,采用RDA分析探究不同环境因子对藻类群落结构变化的贡献度,构建结构方程模型解析水库调度对水华的影响。结果显示,调度前期小江常年回水区发生蓝藻水华,以叶绿素a浓度表征的藻类生物量最高达到58.33μg/L;通过调度水位抬升后,藻类生物量降至6.41μg/L。回水区水温、pH值、总氮(TN)浓度降低,总磷(TP)浓度、硝酸盐(NO_(3)^(-)N)浓度升高(p<0.01);逐步回归分析结果表明藻类生物量受水位变化过程中的TN、NO_(3)^(-)-N、磷酸盐(PO_(4)^(3-)-P)、水温、电导率(Cond)和化学需氧量(COD)的影响,共解释了79%的生物量变化。结构方程模型表明,水位抬升能降低COD浓度,显著降低支流水体的叶绿素a含量。研究结果表明通过适当的水库调度能够有效抑制三峡支流水华,这可为水库生态环境管理和保护提供依据和新的解决方案。

大洋硅藻席沉积与冰期旋回中的碳-氮循环

成席硅藻勃发与沉积埋藏过程链接了海洋有机碳生成-输出-埋藏以及大洋深部溶解无机碳的生成与储存的全过程,该过程及其对大洋碳-氮循环的潜在重大影响正引起学术界的关注。通过搜集整理一系列文献及数据,对成席硅藻在细胞层面的特殊功能、勃发机制以及硅藻席沉积物的时空分布特征进行了总结,尝试讨论硅藻席沉积对轨道时间尺度上全球碳-氮循环的潜在影响。由于成席硅藻具有一系列特点,包括在弱光条件下生存、利用大液泡来存储营养盐和调控浮力、与固氮蓝细菌共生、尿素循环等,导致成席硅藻在寡营养的层化水体中或者大洋锋面处容易获得生存竞争优势并发生勃发。根据沉积记录,在第四纪冰期,热带-亚热带大西洋以及热带西太平洋-东印度洋出现大规模的Ethmodiscus rex硅藻席勃发并向海洋内部输出大量有机碳。有机碳中的绝大部分都在水柱中发生降解,只有少部分保存到海底沉积物中。推测硅藻席勃发贡献了冰期深海内部“呼吸碳库”的增长以及大气二氧化碳浓度的降低。由于E.rex勃发加快了海洋上层营养盐的周转速率,因此也可能促进了冰期海洋氮储库的扩张。此外,氧同位素14/12期和4/2期间同时出现大洋无机碳碳同位素重值事件和热带-亚热带硅藻席勃发事件,二者之间可能存在机制上的关联。因此,成席硅藻是耦合大洋碳-氮循环的重要组成部分,进一步厘清地质历史时期硅藻席勃发规模及其在海洋元素循环中的作用,有助于解开冰期旋回尺度上的全球碳-氮循环之谜。

基于GOCI数据的太湖蓝藻垂向迁移特征及关键影响因素

蓝藻水华频繁暴发是太湖面临的主要环境问题之一,蓝藻聚集上浮是表层水华形成的前提。为探究蓝藻垂向迁移与水华日变化之间的关系,阐明蓝藻垂向迁移的关键影响因素,基于20152020年地球静止海洋彩色成像仪(GOCI)数据,分析了太湖不同湖区蓝藻水华日变化过程,发现太湖蓝藻水华垂向迁移的日变化主要呈现上升、下降、先上升后下降三种类型,且不同湖区存在差异。统计分析和偏最小二乘法结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)结果表明,水环境因子对蓝藻垂向迁移过程影响较小,累积光辐射是驱动蓝藻垂向迁移的主要气象因子。气温升高有利于蓝藻持续维持上浮能力,前一天风速较大且当天风速较小会加速蓝藻上浮。相较于沿岸湖区,湖心区受累积光辐射、风速的影响更大,蓝藻水华日变化过程更剧烈。本研究水环境因子数据为逐月数据,为深入探究水环境因子对蓝藻垂向迁移的影响后续还需进行高频监测研究。本文结果有助于探明浅水湖泊蓝藻水华形成机制,为富营养化湖泊蓝藻水华预测预警及治理提供理论支撑。

2012—2023年哈素海富营养程度变化分析和水华防治探讨

本文通过对2012—2023年哈素海的水质特征指标(高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量、总氮、氨氮、总磷、叶绿素a)进行分析,结果表明:总磷、叶绿素a总体呈现增长趋势,哈素海的其余各项水质指标整体比较稳定,呈现波动状态。针对每年7—8月(丰水期)水华高发期间,对历年水华特征评价指标(高锰酸盐指数、总氮、氨氮、总磷、叶绿素a)进行富营养程度探讨。结果表明:哈素海各项水质指标整体比较稳定,水体富营养化指标为轻度富营养化,但是个别年份为中度富营养化。通过对主要影响因子的分析,为进一步提高哈素海污染防治水平以及水华防治的针对性提供数据支撑,从而实现良好的生态环境。

大连市典型湖库水华与温度、光照条件的关联性分析

分析了大连市典型湖库A水库水华与温度光照等自然条件的关联原因,为政府水华生态管控规划提供依据。以哨兵2号卫星数据为基础,通过ENVI软件得到归一化植被指数(NDVI)判定典型湖库水华面积比例,构建灰色关联模型与温度、光照条件进行关联分析。结果表明:大连市典型湖库A水库水华面积比例与光照条件均为较强关联,与温度条件均为中等关联,关联度比较为:日均紫外辐射强度(0.68)>小时紫外辐射强度(0.66)=日照时数(0.66)>平均温度(0.54)>日最高气温(0.53)>小时温度(0.45)。指出了未来大连市湖库水华防控应在持续多日强光照的秋季关注水华暴发。

MBR膜工艺在湖水净化中的应用研究

MBR膜技术是一种活性污泥法与膜分离相结合的水处理技术,具有优越的耐冲击负荷能力,产水水质清澈而稳定,对污染物的降解能力明显优于传统活性污泥法。本文以江苏某大学校园景观湖水治理为例,简要阐述MBR膜工艺处理污水的应用,即通过采用好氧生化+MBR工艺对湖水进行循环净化,设计进水量为5000m³/d,产水水质指标稳定达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅳ类水标准。夏季藻类爆发期间,通过调整MBR运行模式、增加水反洗,采用低剂量多频次的维护性清洗模式,辅以絮凝剂的投加改善絮体性状,并强化排泥,使膜系统跨膜压差增长速率得到控制,系统得以平稳运行。

Seasonal Succession of the Plankton and Microbenthos in a Hypertrophic Shallow Water Reservoir at Modra(W Slovakia)

The seasonal development of the phytoplankton, phytobenthos, zooplankton, and microbenthos in a high eutrophised intravilan water reservoir was studied. Finally, 25 genera with 44 species of Cyanobacteria/Cyanophytes and 67 genera with 102 species as well as infraspecific taxa of different groups of microscopic algae were identified. The phytoplankton in most parts of the water basin was strongly dominated by green colonial alga Golenkiniopsis longispina. From October until December a cyanophyte species Aphanocapsa delicatissima with typical cell dimensions of picoplankton/ was found in large amounts/predominated. As early as spring, a plankton bloom in all its components was observed. At that time, also a high concentration of total phosphorus was recorded, which in the second half of April dropped rapidly. The concentration of chlorophyll-a increased from 162.7 μg/L in March to 2322 μg/L in September. Massive occurrence of benthic protozoa in the plankton, as a consequence of anoxia, has been observed. Further, the detritivore and omnivore ciliate species Coleps hirtus dominated in the microbenthos. Altogether 74 of ciliate taxa were detected. Their abundance and biomass reached peak in April, but these steadily decreased from May until the end of the year. Extreme values of zooplankton density (54,016 ind/L) were recorded in spring followed by a sudden fall in summer and autumn. The contribution of rotifers (Brachionus spp., Filinia longiseta) in the total zooplankton density and biomass was 98%. Relatively a low species richness of crustaceans (4 Cladocera and 3 Copepoda) was observed.

琼江支流蟠龙河水质状况及高时间分辨率下典型月份水质趋势分析

水环境问题关乎人类和生态安全,近年来部分河流富营养化水华现象引发关注。选取四川琼江支流蟠龙河为研究区域,采用单因子评价法、改进的内梅罗污染指数法和主成分分析法分析“十四五”以来蟠龙河水质状况,并利用藻类数据与水质同步监测数据,在高时间分辨率下分析典型月份水质趋势。结果表明:蟠龙河2021年、2022年整体水质较好,氮磷对水质影响最大,2022年4月出现蓝藻水华,上游段元坝子水质受影响较重,Ad、chla、COD_(Cr)和TP呈极强的正相关性。同年12月中游段跑马滩水质受影响较重,更可能受到藻类衰亡等内源性污染释放影响。研究表明:当前限制蟠龙河水质进一步改善的因素已由点源污染、面源污染转变为河流富营养化藻类水华所致的水生态问题。氮磷输入增加、径流量不足、高温少雨等多因素综合作用是形成水华的主要原因。蟠龙河水质现状更可能受制于藻类生长周期影响,不同河段水环境差异明显,流域治理需更具针对性。

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF PLANKTIVOROUS FISHES IN THE ELIMINATION OF MICROCYSTIS BLOOM FROM DONGHU LAKE USING ENCLOSURE METHOD

The hypertrophic subtropic Donghu Lake’s dense water bloom(of mainly Microcystis Anaabaena andOscillatoria)that occurred annually from the beginning of the 1970s, has disappeared since 1985. The infiuenceof planktivorous fishes (silver and bighead carps) on the water bloom was studied for three years usingthe enclosure method. The enclosures stocked densely with bighead and/or silver carp were free of waterbloom during the experimental period. The water bloom that appeared in the fish-free enclosures was completelyeliminated in 10-20 days by introduction of silver and/or bighead carp(grass carp was not effectivein controlling water bloom).This study showed clearly that grazing pressure by planktivorous fishes is a keyfactor in eliminating water bloom from the lake.

Effects of temperature and nutrients on phytoplankton biomass during bloom seasons in Taihu Lake

Long-term variations of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a （Chl-a）, nutrients, and suspended solids （SS） in Taihu Lake, a large shallow freshwater lake in China, during algal bloom seasons from May to August were analyzed using the monthly investigated data from 1999 to 2007. The effective accumulated water temperature （EAWT） in months from March to June was calculated with daily monitoring data from the Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research （TLLER）. The concentrations of Chl-a and nutrients significantly decreased from Meiliang Bay to Central Lake. Annual averages of the total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, and Chl-a concentrations, and EAWT generally increased in the nine years. In Meiliang Bay, the concentration of Chl-a was significantly correlated with EAWT, ammonia nitrogen （NH4＋N）, TN, the soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP）, TP, and SS. In Central Lake, however, the concentration of Chl-a was only correlated with EAWT, TP, and SS. Multiple stepwise linear regression revealed that EAWT, dissolved total phosphorus （DTP）, and TP explained 99.2% of the variation of Chl-a in Meiliang Bay, and that EAWT, NH4＋-N, and TP explained 98.7% of the variation of Chl-a in Central Lake. Thus EAWT is an important factor influencing the annual change of phytoplankton biomass. Extreme climate change, such as extremely hot springs or cold springs, could cause very different bloom intensities in different years. It is also suggested that both nutrients and EAWT played important roles in the growth of phytoplankton in Taihu Lake. The climate factors and nutrients dually controlled the risk of harmful algal blooms in Taihu Lake. Cutting down phosphorus and nitrogen loadings from catchments should be a fundamental strategy to reduce the risk of blooms in Taihu Lake.

Characteristics of Phytoplankton Community Structure During and After a Bloom of the Dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea by HPLC Pigment Analysis

A bloom of the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea was detected for the first time in inner Tolo Harbor,Hong Kong in 2 000. Water samples were collected at eight stations along a transect passing through a red tide patch for microscopic analysis of phytoplankton composition and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis of phytoplankton pigments. During the bloom,the density of dinoflagellates was 1.1×106 cells L-1 within the patch and 8.6×105 cells L-1 outside the patch where the phytoplankton community was dominated by diatoms. After the bloom the S. trochoidea began to decrease in density and was replaced by diatoms as the dominating bloom-causing organisms at all stations,and the density of dinoflagellates at most stations was less than 1.0 × 106 cells L-1. The status of S. trochoidea as the causative species of the bloom was indicated by the presence of peridinin,the marker pigment for dinoflagellates. The shift from dinoflagellates to diatoms was marked by the decline of peridinin and the prevalence of fucoxanthin. Phytoplankton pigment markers also revealed the presence of other minor phytoplankton assemblages such as cryptomonads and blue-green algal.

Comparison of Water Resource Management Programs: An Algae Action Threshold Level Approach

Water resource management programs designed to control nuisance algal infestations have historically been dominated by reactive approaches. With increased regulatory scrutiny regarding algaecide use, data regarding efficacy of integrated management approaches are needed. This research outlines an efficient method of comparing management programs based upon exceeding designated algae action threshold levels (AATL) in pond systems. Phosphorus mitigating technologies were specifically evaluated as phosphorus had been indicated in supporting many nuisance algal types/densities. The objectives of this research were to evaluate pond management programs in terms of action thresholds exceeded, number of reactive algaecide treatments and algaecide amount required to maintain ponds below AATL. This research compared management programs consisting of: 1) Copper sulfate;2) SeClear Algaecide and Water Quality Enhancer;and 3) Phoslock phosphorus binding technology plus SeClear (as needed). Water and algae samples were analyzed every two weeks over two growing seasons on replicated research ponds and compared with designated AATL parameters. If an AATL was exceeded, then a reactive algaecide treatment was implemented for the corresponding water body. Ponds managed by copper sulfate alone exceeded a greater amount of AATL and required a significantly greater (P < 0.05) amount of reactive algaecide treatments to maintain control (average 6.5 annually) whereas SeClear and Phoslock plus ponds required 4.3 and 1.8 treatments, respectively. The average amount of copper applied to maintain ponds below AATL was 1414 g with copper sulfate whereas copper amendments were significantly decreased with SeClear (830 g) and even further with Phoslock plus management programs (342 g). Additionally, management programs incorporating nutrient mitigation required fewer treatments and less copper in year two of the program. This research provides valuable information for water resource managers to evaluate integrated approaches to water resource management in terms of social, economic, operational and regulatory viewpoints.

长江流域湖泊富营养化发展趋势与展望

随着国家对生态环境问题的重视和保护治理力度的加大,中国河流与湖泊水质状态的变化及控源截污等治理措施的成效,已日益成为关注焦点。通过收集不同行业、部门与科研单位对长江干流水质和流域内若干典型湖泊水质及富营养化的监测资料,分析发现在最近十余年时间内,长江流域乃至全国河流水质已显著改善,但湖泊水质的提升不明显,富营养化和蓝藻水华无明显改善,部分湖泊甚至还有所加重。造成这种状况的主要原因包括水体自身特性与外部驱动两个方面:①湖泊水流交换速度较河流慢,使污染物和营养盐更容易在湖泊中滞留,底部长期蓄积的氮磷等营养盐极易因风浪等扰动而再次释放产生内源污染,极大延缓或抵消了湖泊水质的恢复;②在全球气候变化的背景下,蓝藻水华暴发时间提前、持续时间延长、暴发频率增加,进一步加剧了富营养化湖泊蓝藻水华的产生强度。长江中下游地区浅水湖泊富营养化控制和蓝藻水华治理将是一个漫长而艰巨的任务。