A review of the research on complex erosion by wind and water

Complex erosion by wind and water, which is also called aeolian-fluvial interactions, is an important erosion process and landscape in arid and semiarid regions. The effectiveness of links between wind and water process, spatial environmental transitions and temporal environmental change are the three main driving forces determining the geomorphologic significance of aeolian-fluvial interactions. As a complex interrelating and intercoupling system, complex erosion by wind and water has spatial- temporal variation features. The process of complex erosion by wind and water can be divided into palaeoenvironmental process and contemporary process. Early work in drylands has often been attributed to one of two schools advocating either an ＇aeolianist＇ or a ＇fluvialist＇ perspective, so it was not until the 1930s that the research on complex erosion by wind and water had been conducted. There are two obstacles restricting the research of complex erosion by wind and water. Firstly, how to transform in different temporal and spatial scales is still unsettled; and secondly, the research methodology is still immature. In the future, the mechanism and control of erosion, the complex soil erodibility in wind and water erosion will be the focus of research on complex erosion by wind and water.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel schiff base metal complexes and their application in determination of iron in different types of natural water

A novel, simple approach to the synthesis of macrocyclic Schiff base ligand resulted from the condensation of bisaldehyde and ethylenediamine was prepared (7, 8, 15, 16, 17, 18-hexahydrodibenzo (a, g) (14) annulene) (L) and its complexes were synthesized and characterized using different physicochemical studies as elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, conductivity, magnetic properties, thermal analysis, and their biological activities. The spectroscopic data of the complexes suggest their 1:1 complexe structures which are investigated by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, conductivity, magnetic properties, thermal analysis, and their biological activities. The spectroscopic studies suggested the octahedral structure for the all complexes. The spectroscopic data of the complexes suggest their structure in which (N2O2) group act as a tetradentate ligand and two chlorides as monodentate ligands. Also electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate octahedral structure of these complexes. The synthesized Schiff base and its metal complexes also were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Here we report the effect of a neutral chelating ligand on the complexation with iron to determine it in different types of natural water using recovery test. The activity data show that the metal complexes to be more potent/ antibacterial than the parent Schiff base ligand against one or more bacterial species.

Joint optimization scheduling for water conservancy projects incomplex river networks

In this study, we simulated water flow in a water conservancy project consisting of various hydraulic structures, such as sluices, pumping stations, hydropower stations, ship locks, and culverts, and developed a multi-period and multi-variable joint optimization scheduling model for flood control, drainage, and irrigation. In this model, the number of sluice holes, pump units, and hydropower station units to be opened were used as decision variables, and different optimization objectives and constraints were considered. This model was solved with improved genetic algorithms and verified using the Huaian Water Conservancy Project as an example. The results show that the use of the joint optimization scheduling led to a 10% increase in the power generation capacity and a 15% reduction in the total energy consumption. The change in the water level was reduced by 0.25 m upstream of the Yundong Sluice, and by 50% downstream of pumping stations No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4. It is clear that the joint optimization scheduling proposed in this study can effectively improve power generation capacity of the project, minimize operating costs and energy consumption, and enable more stable operation of various hydraulic structures. The results may provide references for the management of water conservancy projects in complex river networks.

INDIRECT VOLTAMMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TRACE SULFATE IN NATURAL WATERS WITH THE ADSORPTIVE COMPLEX WAVE OF LEAD(Ⅱ)-TETRAKIS (4-TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM PHENYL) PORPHYRIN

The indirect voltammetric determination of trace sulfate (2.0×10^(-6)～4.0×10^(-5) mol/L ) with the adsorptive complex wave of lead(Ⅱ)-tetrakis (4-trimethylammonium phenyl) porphyrin (PbTTMAPP) is reported.This method has been used for the analysis of natural waters with satisfactory results.

Fuzzy Complex Index in Water Quality Assessment of Municipalities

Donghu Lake in Wuhan is a multipurpose complex water body. However, its eutrophication phenomenon becomes increasingly serious. By making use of detailed and accurate contamination monitoring data and several mathematics models, we probe into the dynamic state of water quality. The year’s average value of major contamination index in Donghu Lake from 2001 to 2008 and fuzzy complex index are used to assess its short-term state of water quality. The results show that its water quality is basically stable in the 4th class of water quality standard GB3838-2002.

Hydroaminomethylation of 1-Dodecene Catalyzed by Water-soluble Rhodium Complex

The hydroaminomethylation of 1-dodecene catalyzed by water soluble rhodium complex RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2 in the presence of surfactant CTAB was investigated. High reactivity and selectivity for tertiary amine were achieved under relatively mild conditions.

Theory and model of water resources complex adaptive allocation system

Complex adaptive sys tem theory is a new and important embranchment of system science, which prov ides a new thought to research water resources allocation system. Based on the a nalysis of complexity and complex adaptive mechanism of water resources allocat ion system, a fire-new analysis model is presented in this paper. With t he description of dynamical mechanism of system, behavior characters of agents and the evaluation method of system status, an integrity research system is built to analyse the evolvement rule of water resources allocation system. A nd a brief research for the impact of water resources allocation in benefi cial regions of the Water Transfer from South to North China Project is conducted.

EFFECT OF WATER ON THE CONDUCTIVITY OF PPQ (ClO_4^-) COMPLEX

The preparation of conducting PPQ film was first reported in the previous paper. It is very interesting that this film is highly sensitive to moisture in air. The hydration and dehydration of the film are accompanied by change not only in color but also in conductivity and UV-visible spectrum. The conducting PPQ is reduced to PPQ and loses its conductivity after being soaked in water.

SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES FOR MODIFICATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS. FORMATION OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPLEXES

The study of nanosecond dynamics of macromolecules with the lumines-cent methods make it possible to investigate the formation and functioning of polymericcomplexes, polymeric conjugates and macromolecular metal complexes, which are widelyused for solving many practical tasks. The nanosecond dynamics of macromolecules are ahighly sensitive indicator of interpolymer complexes (IPC) formation. It enables us to solvethe problems of studying IPC formation and stability and to investigate the interpolymerreactions of exchange and substitution. The investigation of changes in the rotational mo-bility of globular protein molecules as a whole makes it possible to determine the complexcomposition and its stability, and to control the course of polymer-protein conjugate forma-tion reaction. The nanosecond dynamics of polymers interacting with surfacants' ions (S)are the sensitive indicator of the S-polymer complex formation. A method for determin-ing the equilibrium constants of the S-polymer complex formation was developed on thebasis of the study of polymer chains mobility. It is established that nanosecond dynamicsinfluences the course of chemical reactions in polymer chains. Moreover, the marked effectof the nanosecond dynamics is also revealed in the study of photophysical processes (theformation of excimers and energy migration of electron excitation) in polymers with pho-toactive groups. It was found that the efficiency of both processes increases with increasingthe mobility of side chains, the carriers of photoactive groups.

Report of Prionospio complex(Annelida:Polychaeta:Spio-nidae) from China's waters,with description of a new species

Nine species of Prionospio complex are recorded from China＇s waters,including one new species and six newly recorded species.Prionospio（Prionospio） pacifica sp.nov.,is characterized by having first and forth pairs of branchiae pinnate,second and third pairs of apinnate,ventral crest on Setiger 9 and dorsal crests on Setigers 10-25.Apoprionospio kirrae（Wilson,1990）,Prionospio（Aquilaspio） convexa Imajima,1990,Prionospio（Minuspio） multibranchiata Berkeley,1927,Prionospio（Prionospio） bocki Sderstrm,1920,Prionospio（Prionospio） dubia Maciolek,1985 and Prionospio（Prionospio） paradisea Imajima,1990 are recorded for the first time from China＇s waters.

Determination of complexation capacity of trace metal-organic in natural water

The complexation capacity for heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb) were determined by anodic stripping voltammetry in South China Sea, Hulun Lake and Wuliang Suhai. The conditional stability constants and complexation capacity index were calculated. The data showed that the complexation capacity of the Hulun Lake was greater than that of seawater and Wuliang Suhai. The sequence of complexation capacity is C (CuL)> C (CdL)> C (PbL), the values are in concord with results of analysis on dissolved organic carbon. The conditional stability constants were in an opposite sequence: K (CuL)< K (CdL)< K (PbL). When log K are similar, the greater the complexation capacity, the greater the complexation capacity index.

Two Nickel(Ⅱ) Complexes Constructed by Novel Bis(3-methoxy-2-pyridyl)ether-6,6′-dicarboxylic Acid Ligand:Lattice Water Control of Structure

Under given conditions, two complexes of [Ni（H20）2BEDA]·2H2O 1 and [Ni（Py）2- BEDA]·6H2O 2 （BEDA = bis（3-methoxy-2-pyridyl）ether-6,6′-dicarboxylic acid） have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Crystal data for 1： C14H18NiN2O11, monoelinic C2/c, a = 14.3844（17）, b = 12.9900（15）, c = 9.6309（11） A, β = 104.3350（10）°, V= 1743.5（4） A3, Z = 4, Dc= 1.711 g/cm^3, F（000） = 928, μ = 1.179 mm^-1, Mr= 449.01, the final R = 0.0228 and wR = 0.0625. Crystal data for 2： C24H32NiN4O13, triclinic P1, a = 9.423（2）, b = 11.863（3）, c = 13.089（3） A, α = 91.511（3）, β = 92.465（3）, γ = 100.696（2）°, V = 1435.6（6） A^3, Z = 2, Dc= 1.488 g/cm^3, F（000） = 672, μ = 0.748 mm^-1, Mr= 643.25, the final R = 0.0400 and wR = 0.0975. Interestingly, in the two complexes, lattice water molecules dominate its crystal structures. Therefore, extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonds assemble 1 and 2 into 2D extended sheets and a 3D open framework, respectively. Furthermore, water molecules present in 2 are associated to form water clusters.

Synthesis of a New Type of Amphilic and Water - soluble Tertiary Phosphine Ligands Substituted by an Ethoxylated Phosphonic Acid Chain and Their Palladium Complexes

The highly water-soluble phosphine ligands Na2O3PCH2CH2NH(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2N- (CH2PPh2)2 (n=1,2,3) were prepared by a new and simple route under mild conditions in good yield; the palladium (II) complexes of the ligands 3a~c with 2:1 or 4:1 -PPh2 to Pd2+ molar ratio were also prepared and characterized .

A preliminary study on the spatial distribution characteristics and causes of strontium-rich mineral water in the Dushan complex

The mountain rocks in the Dushan Complex are Sr-rich granite with a much higher Sr level than those in other crustal lithospheres in eastern China. That presents a high potential for developing Sr-rich mineral water. In this study, 6 groups of rock samples, together with 30 groups of water samples, were collected. Combining with the existing data, the Sr contents in three different types of underground water were obtained, which are the Quaternary pore water, the meshed bedrock fissure water in weathered zones and the tectonic bedrock fissure water. On the basis of preliminary understanding for the distribution characteristics of Sr-rich mineral water in the Dushan Mountain region, the causes for the Sr-rich mineral water were investigated. Our results showed that the Sr content of the rocks in the studied area ranges from 988 to 1 950 μg/g. In the horizontal direction, those in both the pore water and the meshed bedrock fissure water in weathered zones show high values in the west but low ones in the east, and high ones in the south but low ones in the north. Furthermore, both types of water meet the standard for Sr-rich mineral water in the western areas. In the vertical direction, the Sr content shows the lowest value in pore water(the average value is 0.707 mg/L), middle value in the meshed bedrock fissure water in weathered zones(the average value is 1.415 mg/L) and the highest value in the tectonic bedrock fissure water(the average value is 8.331 mg/L). It was thought that the widely-developed Sr-rich granite in this region provides physical sources for the formation of Sr-rich mineral water. The continuous dissolution of Sr during underground water runoff is the internal mechanism. In addition, the hydraulic interrelations may exist between the three vertical aquifers, leading a continuous accumulation of the Sr level during infiltration.

Study on Development Law of Complex Fluvial Reservoir under Water

The Bozhong oilfield (Hereinafter referred to as BZ oilfield) is a typical representative of complex fluvial reservoirs in the Bohai Sea, located in the southern Bohai Sea, with an average porosity of 30.3% and an average permeability of 643 × 10-3 μm2, belonging to medium high porosity and permeability reservoir, the reservoir has good connectivity, and the average underground crude oil viscosity is 5 mPa·s. There are many plane fault blocks, and the longitudinal oil well section is long, so the oil-water relationship is very complex. With the further development of the oilfield, the vertical and horizontal oil-water movement law, residual oil distribution and potential are unclear, resulting in rapid bottom water coning, unbalanced injection and production in the oilfield, and increasingly prominent contradictions among layers, planes and layers in the oilfield. Through numerical simulation analysis and comparison of displacement law and recovery degree under different influence conditions, this paper studies the development effect of actual sand body under different influence conditions such as different well types, different development methods and well layout positions, and takes appropriate development methods for the oilfield, which is of great significance to improve the development effect of the oilfield.

The Influence of Land-Use on Water Quality in a Tropical Coastal Area: Case Study of the Keta Lagoon Complex, Ghana, West Africa

The Keta Lagoon and its catchment areas in Ghana are influenced by intensive agriculture and the use of agro-chemicals. It has therefore, become necessary to assess the quality of water in the lagoon and the surrounding fresh water aquifers. In this study, a water quality index (WQI), indicating the water quality has been adopted. The WQI was determined on a basis of various physico-chemical parameters like pH, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrates, ammonium and sodium. The index was used both for tracking changes at one site over time, and for comparisons among sites. The WQI was also employed to wells used for irrigation on farms along the Keta Sand Spit as well as that of the Keta Lagoon Complex and its surrounding floodplains, in order to ascertain the quality of water for public and livestock consumption, irrigation, recreation and other purposes. The WQI of the wells, Keta lagoon and its floodplains showed various degrees of poor water quality and therefore considered unsuitable for drinking and recreation. By WHO standards, this calls for intensive physical and chemical treatment of the water for human consumption.

Complex Sequence Quality Evaluation Model for Concealed Water Supply Pipeline of Prefabricated Construction

The accurate assessment of the quality can materially affect the safety and life of the prefabricated construction.In this paper,we studied the overall module of concealed water supply pipeline,and a new complex sequence quality evaluation model was established.By analyzing the small evaluation index elements of the model,the weight of the larger evaluation index could be deduced.The total quality evaluation score of the overall module could be obtained by calculating the weight value of the evaluation index,and then the quality standard of the overall module could be obtained.

富含多糖药食同源复合剂的抗肿瘤活性

该文探讨了富含多糖的药食同源复合剂(Ganoderma lucidum Complex Water Extract,PCW)对H22肝癌小鼠的抗肿瘤作用。建立H22荷瘤小鼠模型,设正常组、模型组、阳性对照组(Lentinan,LEN)、PCW低、中、高剂量组,测定抑瘤率、脏器指数、肿瘤和肝脏HE染色、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、血清细胞因子等指标。结果表明,阳性对照组、PCW低、中、高剂量组小鼠的抑瘤率分别为30.01%、27.95%、46.72%、54.23%;低、中、高剂量(50、100、200 mg/kg)PCW可显著改善H22荷瘤模型小鼠脾脏、胸腺的病变(P<0.05);H22肝癌细胞的生长和PCW干预未对小鼠肝脏产生显著影响;相较于模型组,低、中、高剂量PCW可极显著提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力(P<0.01);中、高剂量PCW可显著提高IL-6、TNF-α、IL-12水平(P<0.05)。结论,PCW对H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤有一定抑制作用,该研究结果可为抗肿瘤功能的产品研发提供新思路。

Study on copper complexing ligand concentrations in several China's coastal waters

Copper complexing ligand concentrations in the Daya Bay, Qingdao coast, Jiaozhou Bay, South China Sea and Huanghe Estuary waters were determined by the anodic stripping voltammetry technique. The distribution regularity and the relationship with other parameters were discussed. The results were as follows： Copper complexing ligand concentrations of the South China Sea were a little higher than those of other sea areas, and they were apparently higher than those of the ocean. Compared with the subsurface layer （SSL） in the sea surface microlayer copper complexing ligand concentrations showed an enrichment phenomenon, of which the mechanism is similar to dissolved organic matter. The metal complexing ligand concentration profiles of the South China Sea showed that the value in the sea surface was the highest, then it decreased with depth accruing, and a higher value appeared at the bottom. Copper complex- ing ligand concentrations were higher than those of cadmium and lead. Ligands in each sea area exhibited a complicated property. In short, the distribution regularity of copper complexing ligand concentrations in China＇s coastal waters was consistent with that of other regions in the world. Meanwhile, the positive relationship between the copper complexing ligand concentrations and biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, and viscosity were found clearly.

水网结构对多灾害情景的韧性响应研究

通过识别基础设施系统内部重要节点以提高基础设施韧性,对增强城市韧性具有重要意义。水网作为基础设施的重要组成部分,对水资源统筹调配与水旱灾害防控等发挥着重要作用。基于复杂网络理论,构建水网网络拓扑结构,计算水网各节点参数与灾害风险度,采用不同节点攻击策略,使用随机攻击、蓄意攻击和自然灾害3种攻击方式,得到整体网络效率与最大连通子图大小,对水网韧性进行分析。研究结果表明:水网结构遭到随机攻击或自然灾害时,破坏节点达80%左右,水网韧性趋近于0;水网结构遭到蓄意攻击时,破坏节点达50%左右,水网结构系统崩溃;在蓄意攻击中,PageRank攻击对水网韧性影响较大;在自然灾害攻击中,水网结构在面对暴雨洪涝时表现出较强的韧性。在网络拓扑结构研究水平的基础上,在工程真实物理状态下对水网结构遭到随机攻击、蓄意攻击与自然灾害后的水网韧性进行了更全面的分析与评价,为水网工程建设与管理研究提供参考。