REQUIREMENT OF FLUIDITY OFHIGH WATER CONTENT MATERIALS FOR THE GETWAY-SIDE BACKFILLING TECHNIQUE

Through analyzing the effects of water consumption, diameter of solid particle, and flow vefority on the fluidity of high water content material slurry, the relatinnship among the fluidity, the isotropy of the slurry, and the pumping facilities applied in getway-side backfilling has been found. And the requirment of fluidity of high water content material for the design of getway-side back filling technique is put forward in the paper.

Influence of Water Content on Conductivity and Piezoresistivity of Cement-based Material with both Carbon Fiber and Carbon Black

The influence of water content on the conductivity and piezoresistivity of cement-based material with carbon fiber （CF） and carbon black （CB） was investigated. The piezoresistivity of cement-based material with both CF and CB was compared with that of cement-based material with CF only, and the changes in electrical resistivity of cement-based material with both CF and CB under static and loading conditions in different drying and soaking time were studied. It is found that the piezoresistivity of cement-based material with both CF and CB has better repeatability and linearity than that of cement-based material with CF only. The conductivity and the sensitivity of piezoresistive cement-based material with both CF and CB are enhanced as the water content in piezoresistive cement-based material increases.

High Water Content Material Based on Ba-Bearing Sulphoaluminate Cement

A new type of high water content material which is made up of two pastes is prepared, one is refute from lime and gypsum, and another is based on Ba-bearing sulphoaluminate cement. It has excellent properties such as slow single paste solidifing ,fust double pustes solidifing ,fast coagulating and hardening, high early strength, good suspeasion property at high W/C ratio and low cost. Meanwhile, the properties and hydration mechanism of the material were analyzed by using XRD, DTA- TG and SEM. The hydrated products of new type of high water content material are Ba-bearing ettringite, BaSO4 , aluminum gel and C-S-H gel.

Analytical Methods for Prediction of Water Absorption in Cement-Based Material

The capillary absorption of water by unsaturated cement-based material is the main reason of degradation of the structures subjected to an aggressive environment since water often acts as the transporting medium for damaging contaminants. It is well known that the capillarity coefficient and sorptivity are two important parameters to characterize the water absorption of porous materials. Generally, the former is used to describe the penetration depth or height of water transport, which must be measured by special and advanced equipment. In contrast, the sorptivity represents the relationship between cumulative volume of water uptake and the squareroot of the elapsed time, which can be easily measured by the gravimetric method in a normal laboratory condition. In the present study, an analytical method is developed to build up a bridge between these two parameters, with the purpose that the sorptivity or the gravimetric method can be used to predict the penetration depth of water absorption. Additionally, a new model to explain the dependence of sorptivity on initial water content of the material is developed in order to fit the in situ condition. The comparison of predicted results by the analytical method with experimental data or numerical calculation results, as well as some previous models, validates the feasibility of the methods presented in this paper.

Study on Filling Cross-Roadway in Fully-Mechanized Coal Faces with High Water-Content Material

A new method using high water content material to mechanically fill cross roadways to form artificial bottom for coal faces was introduced. The reasonable determination of filling range, the optimization of the compounding ratio of high water content material, and the filling technique were discussed in detail. This new method has been spread after industrial testing in Baodian Colliery. Compared with the traditional method, the manual wooden chock method, the new one decreases about 40% of the filling range and cost in dealing every one set of cross roadway in the testing condition.

Comparison of Cloud Properties between Cloud Sat Retrievals and Airplane Measurements in Mixed-Phase Cloud Layers of Weak Convective and Stratus Clouds

Cloud microphysical properties including liquid and ice particle number concentration （NC）, liquid water content （LWC）, ice water content （IWC） and effective radius （RE） were retrieved from CloudSat data for a weakly convective and a widespread stratus cloud. Within the mixed-phase cloud layers, liquid-phase fractions needed to be assumed in the data retrieval process, and one existing linear （Pl） and two exponential （P2 and P3） functions, which estimate the liquid-phase fraction as a function of subfreezing temperature （from -20℃ to 0℃）, were tested. The retrieved NC, LWC, IWC and RE using Pl were on average larger than airplane measurements in the same cloud layer, Function P2 performed better than p1 or P3 in retrieving the NCs of cloud droplets in the convective cloud, while function Pl performed better in the stratus cloud. Function P3 performed better in LWC estimation in both convective and stratus clouds. The REs of cloud droplets calculated using the retrieved cloud droplet NC and LWC were closer to the values of in situ observations than those retrieved directly using the Pl function. The retrieved NCs of ice particles in both convective and stratus clouds, on the assumption of liquid-phase fraction during the retrieval of liquid droplet NCs, were closer to those of airplane observations than on the assumption of function P1.

饮用水中5种金属元素混合标准物质研制

以准确定值的铍、镍、钼、钡和铊5种单元素标准样品和二次纯化水为原料,制备饮用水中5种金属元素混合标准物质。采用单因素方差分析法检验均匀性、评价短期稳定性和长期稳定性,由6家实验室采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法联合定值,评定定值不确定度。结果表明,制备的饮用水中铍、镍、钼、钡和铊5种金属元素混合标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,在较极端温度下(40℃和-40℃)可稳定保存14 d,常温下可稳定保存至少12个月,联合定值结果铍质量浓度为(9.48±0.45) mg/L,镍质量浓度为(9.52±0.32) mg/L,钼质量浓度为(9.38±0.32) mg/L,钡质量浓度为(9.47±0.28) mg/L,铊质量浓度为(9.26±0.27) mg/L,可作为实验室水质监测内部质控品使用。

我国疏浚淤泥处置与利用研究进展

淤泥处理处置与资源化利用是当前困扰工程技术人员和阻碍清淤疏浚工程顺利开展的重大难题。梳理了目前我国疏浚淤泥处置与利用的主要技术方法,简要介绍和评述了每种技术的主要特点、原理和应用情况,同时对相关基本概念内涵进行了梳理,对疏浚淤泥处置利用的未来发展方向进行了展望。

基于分子动力学仿真的混合油中水分子扩散行为及其介电常数研究

绝缘油是油浸式变压器内绝缘的重要组成部分,其绝缘性能对电力系统的稳定运行至关重要。实验研究表明植物油与矿物油共混可有效提升其绝缘性能,但改性机理尚不明确。该文利用分子动力学研究了植物油、矿物油不同共混比例下油中水分子的扩散行为及其介电常数。结果表明:随着植物油占比增加,水分子的扩散系数逐渐降低,抑制了油中“水桥”的形成,提升了混合油的绝缘性能。水分子与混合油组分分子之间相互作用能与氢键计算结果表明,植物油中强极性基团的引入增大了混合油与水分子的相互作用能与氢键数目,抑制了水分子的热运动,导致其扩散系数降低;而随着植物油占比增加,混合油的静态介电常数显著增大,且随着含水量的提高显著上升,这是由于水分子及植物油中强极性基团的引入增大了混合油中参与极化的粒子数目,导致体系介电常数显著增高。综上所述,强极性基团是影响混合油绝缘性能的重要因素,共混时需综合考虑其对水分子扩散行为的抑制及对介电常数的增大效应,以达到提升混合油绝缘性能的目的。

不同料水比对混菌发酵玉米皮品质的影响

试验旨在探究不同料水比对混菌发酵玉米皮品质的影响。试验采用固态发酵工艺,设置4个处理组,料水比分别为30%(Ⅰ组)、40%(Ⅱ组)、50%(Ⅲ组)和60%(Ⅳ组),每组4个重复。玉米皮、米糠、豆粕按20∶3∶3比例混匀,加入7%的凝结芽孢杆菌、卷曲乳酸菌和枯草芽孢杆菌(1∶1∶1)的混合菌液,发酵5 d。结果显示,在料水比为50%的条件下发酵,总活菌数为3.5×108 CFU/g,是发酵前的58倍。Ⅲ组呕吐毒素和干物质(DM)含量显著低于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05),pH值为4.18。研究表明,混菌固态发酵玉米皮的料水比以50%最佳,在该条件下发酵,饲料质地均匀松散,气味浓郁。

酒精湿化法调配压实膨润土缓冲回填材料含水率研究

压实膨润土砌块在我国高放射性废物处置中发挥着缓冲回填工程屏障的作用。然而,膨润土材料塑性极强,水分极易拌和不均,易导致压实砌块干缩开裂,显著降低了砌块质量。提出一种采用酒精代替纯水来湿化膨润土的新方法,以提高压实膨润土质量。对比喷水法,酒精湿化法中酒精浓度设计在5%~35%间。通过分析膨润土与酒精混合物的混合效率、黏附质量损失率、混合物中团聚体的含量、压实样干缩前后强度、干缩裂纹规律、干燥效率、膨胀性等指标综合评价酒精湿化压实膨润土样的适用性。试验结果表明:在相同含液率情况下,随酒精浓度增大,所得膨润土样的混合效率明显提高,黏附质量损失率及团聚体含量明显降低;压实样内团聚体与干缩裂纹及试样质量间具有较好对应关系。此外,酒精湿化法所得压实样在压实方向密度分布更均匀,干缩裂纹数量及宽度明显变小,风干试样剪切强度及膨胀性均与加纯水试样较为接近,压实样均匀性与完整性明显提高。新方法及相关成果可供我国高放废物缓冲回填砌块制备参考。

初始含水量和水泥掺入比对水泥土抗剪强度的影响研究

粉喷桩在加固湿陷性黄土地基工程中得到了广泛应用。为更好地掌握桩体的力学参数,本文基于室内直剪试验分析了初始含水量和水泥掺入比对固化土抗剪强度的影响。结果表明,固化土的抗剪强度随着初始含水量的增加呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,随着水泥掺入比的增加则呈现出逐渐增加的趋势。本文的室内试验结果对于粉喷桩原位加固湿陷性黄土地基具有重要的指导作用。

多级水洗垃圾焚烧飞灰对水泥性能的影响

焚烧飞灰由于含有大量氯化物等可溶性有毒物质限制了其应用范围。水洗作为最有效的预处理方式之一,可有效降低飞灰中氯、钠、钾等成分含量,提高水泥原料中飞灰投加量。本文从水洗生产线上收集三种等级的水洗飞灰,从多个方面分析其作为混合材的可行性。研究结果表明:三级水洗更能有效去除氯离子。三种水洗飞灰作为混合材后在掺量较低时能够促进水泥粉磨,在相同水洗细度下可节省粉磨时间,降低能耗。在掺量小于10%时不会缩短水泥凝结时间,同时能够提升水泥在不同龄期下的抗压强度。20%掺量下重金属的浸出满足《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3—2007)的要求。焚烧飞灰作为混合材后会降低水泥水化放热与Friedel盐生成量。考虑水洗后焚烧飞灰中各离子的限制,其最大掺量不应超过1.58%。综上,水洗焚烧飞灰有作为水泥混合材的潜力,去除有害离子后能够增大其在水泥工业中的应用范围。

湿热环境下低吸水率玻化微珠保温砂浆配合比研究

为解决东南沿海地区显著的风驱雨(WDR)现象易引起的建筑外墙渗水、墙体材料劣化等问题,通过两阶段共14组配合比试验,配制了一种低吸水率的外墙玻化微珠水泥基材料,研究了其在湿热环境下累计吸水量与吸水后导热系数的变化规律。研究结果表明:与混凝土相比,玻化微珠水泥基材料可以显著降低材料的导热系数、吸水量,热工性能优异,玻化微珠保温砌块可以有效提高砌块的热工性能,但也会降低材料抗压强度。与混凝土相比,玻化微珠水泥基材料的导热系数、7 d累计吸水量和吸水7 d后导热系数分别为0.336 W/(m·K)、185.8 g和0.483 W/(m·K),分别是混凝土的26.4%、62.4%和30.1%,吸水7 d后导热系数增大0.147W/(m·K),增幅为混凝土的44.3%。

高含水量和高粘性软土水泥土搅拌桩工艺简析

本文依托日照港某散货堆场工程,在吹填港池疏浚土而形成的高含水量和高粘性淤泥及粘土中施工水泥土搅拌桩,采用普通水泥土搅拌桩施工,遇到了取芯率不合格的问题。本文探讨通过几种不同的水泥土搅拌桩施工工艺进行试桩,再根据试桩结果,分析不同施工工艺的优缺点和对不同地质的适应性,优选出最适合本工程场地地质的施工工艺,解决了前期普通水泥土搅拌桩取芯率不合格的问题。

水泥稳定石墨尾矿砂的路用性能试验研究

石墨尾矿大量堆积引发了一系列的危害,包括环境污染、水资源受损以及地质灾害风险增加等。使用水泥稳定石墨尾矿砂作为路基材料,不仅可以提高石墨尾矿砂的综合利用率,还可以降低施工成本。本文探讨了水泥掺量对水泥稳定石墨尾矿砂抗压强度和抗冻性能的影响。结果表明:水泥稳定石墨尾矿砂试件的抗压强度随着水泥掺量的增加而增加;当水泥掺量为7%时,水泥稳定石墨尾矿砂试件7 d龄期的抗压强度达到了2.61 MPa;随着冻融循环次数的增加,水泥稳定石墨尾矿砂试件的质量损失率逐渐增大,抗压强度逐渐减小;水泥掺量越大,水泥稳定石墨尾矿砂试件抵抗冻融的能力就越强。研究结果可为中国东北地区使用水泥稳定石墨尾矿砂作为路基材料提供参考。

低含水率粉质壤土中搅拌桩施工方案试验研究

为解决中国北方地区低含水率粉质壤土中水泥土搅拌桩施工过程中钻头钻进搅拌困难的实际问题,以河北省白沟河治理工程(涿州段)东茨排水涵闸闸基水泥土搅拌桩地基处理工程为背景,开展预浸水法和较高水灰比法两种施工方案的可行性现场试验研究,通过对现场施工速度和水泥土抗压强度等参数的实测,对比分析了2种方案在该场地条件下的可行性。结果表明,预浸水法和较高水灰比法在低含水率粉质壤土中均具有工程适用性,但较高水灰比法在施工效率和施工效果等方面均优于预浸水法,且在粉质壤土条件下,采用较高水灰比法施工时,同时满足施工质量和经济性的最优水灰比为1.5。该研究成果为低含水率粉质壤土中水泥土搅拌桩施工方案选择提供了新的思路,也为类似条件下的水泥土搅拌桩施工提供了可靠的施工技术参数。

低速工况下水润滑轴承材料的混合润滑性能

材料对水润滑轴承润滑性能影响较大,为合理选取轴承材料,建立了考虑不同材料的水润滑轴承混合润滑模型,研究了NBR,PTFE和Thordon的润滑性能。结果表明:Thordon的摩擦系数最小,膜厚比最大,从混合润滑变为流体润滑所需的转速最低;混合润滑阶段,两接触副表面接触摩擦严重,不同材料的摩擦系数及温升差别较大;流体润滑阶段,各材料间的摩擦系数及温升差别较小;低速工况下,表面粗糙度越大,不同材料间的摩擦系数和温升差别越大;表面粗糙度形貌参数越大,各材料的摩擦系数越大,水膜越薄,最高水膜温度越高;相同工况下,表面粗糙度及其形貌参数对Thordon的影响最小,对NBR的影响最大。

煤砂双层滤料滤池气水反冲洗参数探究及应用

为解决济阳某10万m^(3)/d水厂煤砂双层滤料滤池反冲洗不彻底、滤料流失、混层等问题,对滤池进行了水反冲流体力学(CFD)模拟,指导水冲阶段反冲洗强度的选取,并在现场进行了中试试验。试验结果表明:采用气水反冲洗模式,当气冲阶段qs=17.0 L/(m^(2)·s)、t=3 min时;水冲阶段,梯度提升水冲强度,在q_(w1)=4.5 L/(m^(2)·s)、t_(1)=2 min,q_(w2)=7.0 L/(m^(2)·s)、t_(2)=3 min,q_(w3)=17.5 L/(m^(2)·s)、t_(3)=3 min时,反冲洗后滤料含泥量可控制在0.1%以下,并可恢复滤料混层。将最优参数在工程现场应用后,有效解决水厂反冲洗问题,延长过滤周期,滤池反冲洗年耗水量减少192720 m^(3)。

C125海上风电超高性能灌浆料的制备及关键性能研究

研究了水胶比、胶砂比、硅灰及降黏增强剂掺量,复合外加剂掺量及UWB-Ⅱ掺量对C125海上风电灌浆料流动度、分层度、抗压强度、水陆强度比及悬浊物含量的影响规律。结果表明:水胶比与灌浆料的流动度、分层度及悬浊物含量正相关,与灌浆料的抗压强度和水陆强度比负相关;胶砂比与灌浆料的抗压强度及水陆强度比正相关,与灌浆料的流动度、分层度及悬浊物含量负相关。硅灰可提高灌浆料的抗压强度和水陆强度比,降低分层度及悬浊物含量,也会降低灌浆料的流动度。降黏增强剂可提高灌浆料的流动度、强度和水陆强度比,但会增加灌浆料的分层度及悬浊物含量。复合外加剂可提升灌浆料的流动度,但会降低灌浆料的强度和水陆强度比。UWB-Ⅱ可提升灌浆料的水陆强度比,降低分层度和悬浊物含量,但会降低灌浆料的流动度及强度。采用1∶1的胶砂比,0.11的水胶比,内掺8%的硅灰与8%的降黏剂,外掺1%的复合外加剂和1.5%的UWB-Ⅱ时,灌浆料性能最优,此时灌浆料的初期和30 min流动度分别为350 mm和330 mm,分层度为2.4 mm,1 d和28 d陆上强度分别为50.3 MPa和137.2 MPa,28 d水陆强度比为98.6%,悬浊物含量为55 mg/L。