Coupling Aquaculture—Crop Productions and Using of Water Drained from Ponds Rearing Clarias gariepinus as Fertilizer for Okra Production (Abelmoschus esculentus var. Clemson spineless, L. Moench)

The present study concerns the revalorization of drained water from aquaculture ponds rearing Clarias gariepinus on okra crops. The rearing was carried out at the farm of Gaston Berger University in 100 m2 ponds. In each pond, the individuals of C. garipinus with an average weight of 6 ± 0.3 g were stocked at a density of 11 per m2. The water temperature and pH were measured during the experiment. The control fishing is carried out every month to monitor variations in the weight and size of reared individuals. The plant production is carried out in elementary plots measuring 3 m × 1.5 m. Each plot was fertilized with either: drained water from C. gariepinus rearing (DWC), poultry droppings (PD), cow dung (CD) and mineral fertilizer (NPK). Treatments are carried out in tripliqua with either river water (RW), RW + the recommended dose of NPK (RD-NPK), RW + RD-PD, RW + RD-CD, DWC, DWC + 25% RD-NPK, DWC + 50% RD-NPK, DWC + 75% RD-NPK, DWC + 25% RD-PD, DWC + 50% RD-PD, DWC + 75% RD-PD, DWC + 25% RD-CD, DWC + 50% RD-CD, DWC + 75% RD-CD. Growth parameters and yield of okra were determined. The average temperature in the rearing environment was 27.6 ± 1.5˚C and pH 7.9 ± 1.1. After six (06) months of rearing, C. gariepinus individuals reached an average weight of 850.12 ± 1.3 g and an average height of 52.44 ± 1.1 cm. The daily weight gain and specific growth rates over this period were 3.9 g per day and 2.8% per day, respectively. The treatment T1 (RW + DR-NPK) gave the highest mean collar diameter and mean plant height with 2.3 ± 0.9 cm and 61.6 ± 32 cm, respectively. In T4 (DWC), the mean height of plants was 38.8 ± 23.5 cm and mean collar diameter 1.4 ± 0.8 cm. The growth performance in T4 was comparable to that of RD-CD (T3), but different from RD-NPK (T1) and RD-PD (T2). The highest average number, average weight, average length and average diameter of fruits were noted in treatments T13 (RW + RD-75%CD) and T7 (DWC + 75% RD-NPK). The best yields were noted in T1 (RW + RD-NPK) = 10.8 ± 5.4 t·ha−1, T5 (DWC + 25% RD-NPK) = 9.2 ± 4.6 t·ha−1 and T4 (DWC) = 8.6 ± 4.3 t·ha−1 which are comparable and higher than those obtained in T2 = 5.7 ± 2.8 t·ha−1 and T3 = 7.5 ± 3.8 t·ha−1.

Evaluation of Total Hydrocarbons Levels and Traces Metals in Water and Sediment from Main Outfall Drain in Al-Nassiriya City/Southern Iraq

This study was conducted during Dec2011-Nov2012 on three stations located in the south sector of Main Outfall Drain (MOD) River. Station 1 was near Al-Holandee Bridge which was the general carriage way in the center of Al-Nassiriya city, station 2 was 20 km far from the first station, while station 3 was in the beginning of the new branch. This study reveals the Seasonal Variation of Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in both surface waters, sediment and it is related with trace metals nickel and vanadium in water (dissolved, particulate) and sediment (residual and exchangeable) phases. Also, the study shows the relationships between the concentration of Ni and V with Total Organic Carbon (TOC%) in the sediment.

Research progress on the application of traditional Chinese medicine in the draining water method of chronic heart failure

Chronic heart failure(CHF)is a public health problem that seriously affects the quality of life of patients with poor prognosis.Western medicine has been mature in the treatment of CHF,but it still has some limitations and adverse reactions in improving the clinical symptoms of CHF.TCM has a long history of understanding of CHF,and in recent years,TCM has summarized and developed the experience of predecessors in the treatment of CHF,In particular,diuretic therapy,combined with Warming Yang,tonifying Qi,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,has achieved good curative effect in treating CHF.When combined with basic treatment of Western medicine,it can reduce the adverse reactions of Western medicine.This review is to summarize.

RESEARCH ON GUARANTEED WATER DEPTH FOR SAFE DRAINING AT ZUYUAN SEWAGE OUTLET

To select the location of sewage outlet in the sewage disposal program of Shanghai is a rather comprehensive problem which covers many fields and has great influences. The sewage outlet at Zuyuan, about 10 km away from Wusongkou, is situated on the south bank of the South Channel in the Yangtze Estuary. In order to determine the water depth which can guaranteed the safe draining of sewage at the outlet, a statistical method is adopted in this paper for the determination of the guarantee rate of safe draining at Zuyuan sewage outlet by means of the characteristics of fluvial process and previous topographic data, and the guaranteed water depth for safe draining is then determined.

Improve Water Quality at the El-Rahawy Drain and the Rosetta Branch, Egypt

The El-Rahawy drain, is the major source of pollution along the Rosetta branch, receives primary treated wastewater from the Abu-Rawash Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The main purpose of this research was to manage water quality at the Rosetta branch by improving effluent water quality at the Abu-Rawash WWTP. This research involved attempting to determine the optimal dose of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) to reach an acceptable treatment at the Abu-Rawash WWTP. A dose of 2.0 mg of AlCl3 for each liter of wastewater was selected. Another approach involves discharging flow from Al-Buhairi Water Canal to the El-Rahawy drain in order to increase the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and reduce pollutant concentrations at the El-Rahawy drain. Applying these approaches will significantly improve water quality at the El-Rahawy drain. The river pollutant (RP) modeling was also used to study the effect of improving water quality at the El-Rahawy drain on the Rosetta branch water quality. The RP modeling showed that applying the proposed solutions will significantly improve water quality at the Rosetta branch.

Vibration pore water pressure characteristics of saturated fine sand under partially drained condition

Vibration pore water pressure characteristics of saturated fine sand under partially drained condition were investigated through stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests employed varied fine content of samples and loading frequency. In order to simulate the partially drained condition, one-way drainage for sample was implemented when cyclic loading was applied. The results show that the vibration pore water pressure's response leads the axial stress and axial strain responses, and is lagged behind or simultaneous with axial strain-rate's response for all samples in this research. In addition, the satisfactory linear relationship between vibration pore water pressure amplitude and axial strain-rate amplitude is also obtained. It means that the direct cause of vibration pore water pressure generation under partially drained conditions is not the axial stress or axial strain but the axial strain-rate. The lag-phase between pore water pressure and axial strain-rate increases with the increase of the fine content or the loading frequency.

隧道涌水量基于MODFLOW中DRAIN模块水力传导系数取值探析

目前Visual Modflow已广泛地应用于隧道涌水的模拟,Drain模块中的水力传导系数是一个综合系数,但没有可参考的取值范围。从排水沟水力传导系数对隧洞涌水量引起的变化入手,通过C值的不同取值范围,利用模型计算出的涌水量与真实涌水量进行对比,发现当水力传导系数取值在一定范围内时计算出的涌水量最接近施工时隧道的真实涌水量,以此为Drain模块中水力传导系数的取值作一个经验参考。

Development technology of rigidity-drain pile and numerical analysis of its anti-liquefaction characteristics

Pile foundation is widely used in the offshore engineering. The pile can be seriously destroyed by the soil liquefaction during strong earthquakes. The potentials of liquefaction and damages of pile foundation due to the liquefaction can be reduced by the implementation of the drainage in the liquefiable foundation. A patented pile technology, named rigidity-drain pile, was introduced. The partial section of the pile body was filled by materials with higher penetrability which forms some effective drainage channels in the pile. The principles and construction methods were presented. 3D models for both rigidity-drain pile and ordinary pile were built in FLAC3D code. The dynamic loadings were applied on the bottom of the model. According to the numerical results, in the case of the rigidity-drain pile, the water in the relevant distance range around the pile flows toward the pile drainage, the contour of the pore pressure shows a funnel form. Contrast to the ordinary pile, the rigidity-drain pile can dissipate the accumulated excess pore water, maintain effective stress and obviously reduce the possibility of surrounding soil liquefaction.

Drainage Management Problems Evaluation: Case Study Baloza and EL-Farama Drains, North Sinai, Egypt

Drainage management activities aim at maintaining the performance of drainage networks by assessing the major drainage management problems regarding sedimentation, bank erosion, vegetation, water quality, and biodiversity, to find appropriate solutions for channel improvement in order to increase agricultural productivity and maintain agricultural land and the surrounding environment. In this research, we evaluate the drainage management problems to the surface drains Baloza and EL-Farama in the cultivated Tina Plain region (21,000 hectares) North Sinai, Egypt to provide an accurate data to help decision-makers to know the status of maintenance of the watercourses and the need for improvement. For this, Intensive field investigations were carried out regarding a hydrographic survey of the actual drains cross-section using total station and aqua sounder devices, visual stream bank erosion survey, and vegetation survey. In addition, monthly water samples from the drainage water were treated and analyzed for physical and chemical, bacteriological related indices. The results showed, the studied drains suffer from sedimentation, vegetation infection, and bank erosion in some reaches and need remedy. Estimated sedimentation in EL-Farama Drain was 34369 m3/year and in Baloza Drain 29153 m3/year;bank slope failures upstream and downstream pump stations were recorded;the average weed infection ratio for both drains was 30%. The results of water quality parameters showed acceptable concentrations for BOD, DO, NO3, and total coliform according to Egypt decree, 92/2013 for the protection of the Nile River and its waterways from pollution, except TDS (more than 10,000 mg/L). The drainage water was classified as high saline and it was unacceptable for irrigation. Therefore, the author recommends to remove sedimentation and vegetation every 2 years by mechanical methods, applying gabions lining to prevent bank erosion, and treating drainage water using wetland system and utilizing the treated wastewater in fish farming.

Consistency of Hydrologic Relationships of a Paired Watershed Approach

Paired watershed studies are used around the world to evaluate and quantify effects of forest and water management practices on hydrology and water quality. The basic concept uses two neighboring watersheds (one as a control and another as a treatment), which are concurrently monitored during calibration (pre-treatment) and post-treatment periods. A statistically significant relationship between the control and treatment watersheds is established during calibration period such that any significant shift detected in the relationship during treatment is attributed to the treatment effects. The approach assumes that there is a consistent, quantifiable, and predictable relationship between watershed response variables. This study tests the hypothesis that the hydrologic relationships between control and treatment watersheds for daily water table elevation (WTE) and daily flow data were similar without any statistically significant difference during two different calibration (1988-1989 and 2007-2008) and treatment periods (1995-1996 and 2009), when the control and treatment watersheds were interchanged. The watersheds are two artificially drained loblolly pine forests (D1: 24.7 haand D2: 23.6 ha) located in coastal North Carolina. Results depicted significantly similar WTE regression relationships during the two calibration periods but significantly different WTE relationships during the two treatment periods with reversed control and treatment watersheds. Calibration and treatment flow relationships, and the mean treatment effects on WTE and flow, before and after treatment reversal were significantly different (α = 0.05). The study also discusses causes of differences in hydrologic relationships and treatment effects for such reversal of treatments during a 21-year span of the study on these two similar and adjacent watersheds. The observed differences in the hydrologic relationships between control and treatment watersheds before and after treatment reversal may be attributed to climate or hydrologic non-stationarity which may affect the reliability of paired watershed approach especially when the calibration periods are short.

三门峡水库控制运用方式的优化探讨

三门峡水库“蓄清排浑”运用为多沙河流的治理提供了宝贵经验,随着来水来沙情况的变化及对水库功能需求和对水库泥沙冲淤规律认识的深化,该运行方式亦在实践中不断调整和完善。为此,针对不同的典型年份设定集中敞泄与分段敞泄的敞泄排沙方案,采用一维非恒定水沙数学模型,对选取的2018~2019年丰水少沙年和2014~2016年枯水少沙年设定12种控制运用方案进行模拟,比较各方案下库区冲淤变化的优劣,据此选取适合三门峡水库的控制运用方式。结果表明,2018~2019年分段敞泄方案的冲刷效果优于集中敞泄方案,即使在后汛期的控制水位抬高至310 m,也能达到较好的冲刷效果;2014~2016年分段敞泄方案虽优于集中敞泄方案,但其冲刷主要集中于2014年汛期,2015、2016年整体呈淤积状态,综合考虑建议枯水少沙年份水库采用“泥沙年际调节”运用模式。

长江泰州段引排水量时空分布特征分析

长江引排水是泰州市水资源的重要来源,本文选取长江泰州段的17个主要口门,统计了1959—2022年的引排水量并进行了对比分析。结果表明,受经济社会发展和水利基础设施建设的影响,引排水量年际变化较大,总体上呈现逐渐增大的趋势,但近年来呈现波动趋势;受区域降水、季节性农灌用水和长江潮位等因素影响,沿江口门引排水量年内分配不均;高港水利枢纽的建成对区域水资源的分配影响较大。研究成果可为长江大保护、优化口门调度方案、区域水资源开发利用及计划用水等管理工作提供数据参考。

排水泄压逆止阀性能测试及其对衬砌渠道抗浮稳定性影响研究

渠道作为重要的输配水建筑物,在灌溉、航运、发电和供水等行业均发挥着重要作用。渠道设计基于水力学的合理坡降要求及受选线条件的制约,部分渠道需要穿过较高地形,为此渠道底板的高程低于自然地面,因大气降雨等原因地下水位时常高于渠道底板,地下水扬压力会对衬砌渠道底板造成顶托破坏,从而引起渠道渗漏。渠道渗漏为常见病害,解决该病害的措施有很多,但这些措施采用的设备普遍存在寿命短、运行维护不便等问题。针对该问题,团队研发了A、B两种型号的新型排水泄压逆止阀,并对其进行了排水止水和防淤堵性能测试,同时对安装和不安装逆止阀的衬砌渠道进行了抗浮稳定数值模拟,结果表明:A、B两种阀均可应用于实际工程,但对于防淤堵要求高的渠道,应选择过水面积更大的B型阀;在0.5 m、1.0 m、1.5 m、2.0 m的水头差下,装有逆止阀的渠道孔隙水压力比与无逆止阀渠道分别下降了92.2%、32.1%、27.7%和23.7%,说明该新型逆止阀对衬砌渠道排水泄压效果明显,可以对衬砌渠道起到有效的保护作用。

复杂地质条件下水利工程高水位深基坑降排水施工方法研究

为了解决进口引江济淮工程施工中高水位深基坑降排水问题,对复杂地质条件下水利工程高水位深基坑降排水施工方法开展了研究。采用混凝土防渗墙技术对导向槽进行优化设计,提高防渗墙的防渗性能。利用真空预压地下水位测量方法为降水井的参数设计与位置设置提供水位参考。通过人工开挖探孔方式确定最佳降排水方案,并计算降水漏斗曲线的影响值。利用有限元软件模拟试验发现:该降排水方法在防渗墙高程为-36 m时能够达到最佳降排水效果,说明使用该方法能够阻隔基坑外水体渗入,且降水井能够将深基坑中的积水排出,有效地解决了进口引江济淮工程施工中高水位深基坑降排水难题,具有较好的实用性和推广价值。

基于神经网络的风暴潮增水对海岸带城市排水的影响分析--以青岛市为例

本文以青岛市为研究区域,以0509台风风暴潮增水水位数据为基础,基于BP(Back propagation)神经网络,考虑地形地势特性中易涝因子,并结合水文分析提取入海排水口的空间分布,对青岛市沿海岸排水受风暴潮影响的区域进行预测,并进一步结合青岛市沿海岸,系统探讨气候变化背景下风暴潮增水对青岛市沿海岸排水的影响。结果表明:除风暴潮增水直接侵袭至陆地内侧区域,青岛大江口湾岸段、浮山湾岸段、汇泉湾岸段、青岛湾岸段、胶州湾东南侧岸段海泊河沿岸等区域在各类情景下排水受风暴潮增水影响较大。

白芍治疗阴虚水肿探析

白芍为补虚药,养血补虚之作用应用广泛,然对于白芍治疗水肿的研究甚少。为探明白芍疗水肿之功效,通过考查白芍利水源流,结合张锡纯及历代其他医家运用白芍治疗水肿的经验,阐明阴虚与水肿的内在联系,提出白芍功效以滋阴为主、利水为辅,通过滋补脾阴、养血柔肝、凉降泄热3个方面治疗水肿,为阴虚水肿的首选药物,并总结白芍配伍茯苓、阿胶、熟地黄、山药等药物作为常用药对,扩展了白芍的临床应用范围。

基于血水同治理论探讨渗出性老年性黄斑变性的治疗

渗出性老年性黄斑变性(wet age-related macular degeneration, w AMD)常见于老年人,病情呈进行性发展,对视力造成严重影响,降低患者生活质量。血水同治理论是基于血水同源互化、同病互害的生理病理特点,以活血利水法为基础,辨证施治,广泛应用于临床。根据w AMD的中医病机,可辨证分为肝肾阴虚、肝脾失衡及脏腑失调。本文基于血水同治理论,对w AMD进行分期论治,并对视网膜脱离、玻璃体积血等并发症辨证论治,在临床上疗效确切。

沉淀-气浮-深度处理联用工艺排泥水处理系统设计

吉林省某水厂工程近期设计规模为2.5×10^(5)m^(3)/d,远期设计规模为5×10^(5)m^(3)/d。采用沉淀-气浮-深度处理联用净水工艺,根据原水水质灵活组合。文章介绍了多运行模式排泥水系统设计,主要包括集泥池、排渣池、排水池、回流水池、浮动槽排泥池、浓缩池、上清液收集池、平衡池、脱水机房及废水调节池。该系统具有运行灵活、水资源利用率高、药剂运行成本低、回流冲击负荷小的优点。砂滤池反冲洗排水静沉后上清液回用,底泥排至排泥池处理。炭吸附池反冲洗排水回用方式根据水质确定。设计废水调节池及废水排出管道,解决了厂外部无市政污水管道的问题。排泥水处理系统工程费为7900万元。

基于“营卫-络脉-玄府”论治开角型青光眼

原发性开角型青光眼(primary open-angle glaucoma,POAG)是一种以眼压升高、房角开放、房水流出受阻为特征的眼科常见疾病,其早期病情隐匿,发病时已成为不可逆转的致盲性伤害。POAG的发病与营卫、络脉生理病理功能密切相关,产生“营卫-络脉-玄府”病机轴。营卫失和、玄府郁闭、气血升降失常、络脉循环瘀阻共同引起POAG发病,基于此病理发展过程探讨治疗POAG的基本原理,丰富从“营卫-络脉-玄府”理论治疗POAG的科学内涵,并附临床验案一则,以期为POAG的中医诊疗提供参考依据。

陈向东教授运用桂枝茯苓丸加味治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿经验

陈向东教授通过长期临床经验结合微观辨证理论得出,糖尿病黄斑水肿的病机特点为消渴耗气,气虚不运,阳气郁滞,血瘀视衣,病程日久,水湿停聚,痰湿内生,痰瘀互结,发为水肿,故以“通阳解郁,活血利水”为治疗原则,化裁经方桂枝茯苓丸临证加减,为治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿提供新的治疗思路。