Spatial changes and driving factors of lake water quality in Inner Mongolia, China

Lakes play important roles in sustaining the ecosystem and economic development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China,but the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of water quality in lakes so far remain unclear.This study aimed to identify the spatial changes in water quality and the driving factors of seven lakes(Juyanhai Lake,Ulansuhai Lake,Hongjiannao Lake,Daihai Lake,Chagannaoer Lake,Hulun Lake,and Wulannuoer Lake)across the longitudinal axis(from the west to the east)of Inner Mongolia.Large-scale research was conducted using the comprehensive trophic level index(TLI(Σ)),multivariate statistics,and spatial analysis methods.The results showed that most lakes in Inner Mongolia were weakly alkaline.Total dissolved solids and salinity of lake water showed obvious zonation characteristics.Nitrogen and phosphorus were identified as the main pollutants in lakes,with high average concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus being of 4.05 and 0.21 mg/L,respectively.The values of TLI(Σ)ranged from 49.14 to 71.77,indicating varying degrees of lake eutrophication,and phosphorus was the main driver of lake eutrophication.The lakes of Inner Mongolia could be categorized into lakes to the west of Daihai Lake and lakes to the east of Daihai Lake in terms of salinity and TLI(Σ).The salinity levels of lakes to the west of Daihai Lake exceeded those of lakes to the east of Daihai Lake,whereas the opposite trend was observed for lake trophic level.The intensity and mode of anthropogenic activities were the driving factors of the spatial patterns of lake water quality.It is recommended to control the impact of anthropogenic activities on the water quality of lakes in Inner Mongolia to improve lake ecological environment.These findings provide a more thorough understanding of the driving mechanism of the spatial patterns of water quality in lakes of Inner Mongolia,which can be used to develop strategies for lake ecosystem protection and water resources management in this region.

Sample investigation and evaluation of the water quality in aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in Foshan city

To investigate the water quality of sampling in aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in the five districts of Foshan city, and use the environmental pollution index to evaluate the condition of water quality. The results indicated that water temperature and pH of aquaculture ponds cound meet the requirements of fish normal growth,and dissolved oxygen was rich, but the water quality was over fertilized generally. In 20 investigation spots of the five districts, the content of CODCr, NH4^＋-N and TP exceeded 90%, 30% and 85% respectively. The pollution degrees of the water quality from high to low in aquaculture ponds were Chancheng district,Nanhai district, Sanshui district, Shunde district, Gaoming district. The comprehensive quality index of aquaculture ponds was 1.44 in Foshan city, the water quality was polluted severly as a whole. The share rate of pollution load of TP was the highest, the second were CODCr and NH4^＋-N. On the whole, the pollution of organic matter was very prominent in the water quality of aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in Foshan city that had been eutrophicated.

Evaluation on Environment State of Breeding Area in Shuidong Bay by Using Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method

Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to develop a standard model to analyze and evaluate nearness degree of water environment quality at breeding area of Shuidong Bay in China.Results showed that certain environment contamination factors in some areas seriously exceeded the standard value and led to the whole water quality at the third class level.The measurements should be taken to promote the sustainable development of breeding area in Shuidong Bay.

Integrated Assessment of Mineral Resources and Environmentin Mid-South of Shandong Province

On the bases of the field survey and a large number of testing data, we process the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the mine environment in the mid south of Shandong Province using the following grade Ⅰ factors:the surface subsidence in mining area, the three wastes of mine industries, the pollution sources, the surface water pollution, the underground water pollution and the air pollution. By means of emitting factor judgment and water quality indexes, we locate pollution sources, main pollutants, pollution type and pollution grade in the study area. Using the MAPGIS, we draw a zonality map of the mine environment. This paper attempts to offer a concrete example, including valuable assessment method, data and conclusion, for the assessment of mine environment from the integrated assessment of mineral resources and mine environment. This research is oriented towards the sustainable development and the ecological environment optimization.

Water Quality Analysis of Fuping Section of the Shichuan River Based on Different Evaluation Methods

In order to study the water quality of the Shichuan River basin in Fuping,Shaanxi Province,based on improved Nemerow index method,comprehensive pollution index method and principal component analysis method,eight water quality indexes such as pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),total dissolved solids(TDS),COD,total hardness,total phosphorus,total nitrogen and Zn in three monitoring sections of Fuping section of the Shichuan River in Shaanxi Province were detected and analyzed.The results show that the water quality of the surface water in the Shichuan River basin is gradeⅢorⅣwater,that is,the water is slightly polluted and moderately polluted.It is necessary to monitor the water quality after regulation and clarify the main factors causing the water pollution.

城市河流水质监测指标间的相关性分析及预测

为快速监测城市河流水质,有效追踪并控制污染源,选用某市4个水质监测站的19期监测数据,分析常规水质指标与核心水质指标间的相关性,揭示其水质状况和月度变化趋势,并使用Mantel检验和信息论模型选择方法确定与核心指标关联度最强的常规指标,建立最优回归预测模型。研究发现,不同监测站的相同核心指标与常规指标的关联程度各异;高锰酸盐指数与浊度、总氮与溶解氧、氨氮与电导率、浊度与氯化物总体均呈正相关,且具有小幅波动;五日生化需氧量和总磷与常规指标间无显著相关。分析表明,在全面分析各监测站大量有效数据的基础上,构建相对可靠的总体回归预测模型,所得水质监测分析结果可为制定有效的水质污染防治措施提供决策依据。

高质量发展视角下京津冀地区WEF系统综合评价研究

为综合评价京津冀地区的高质量发展水平,从创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享等5个维度构建高质量发展评价指标体系,采用熵值-变异系数综合赋权法计算指标权重,利用线性加权法构建综合评价指数模型测度京津冀地区WEF系统高质量发展的水平,并基于灰色关联度模型探究影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键因子与维度。结果表明:2011—2021年京津冀地区WEF系统综合评价指数呈现上升趋势,空间尺度上3个省市的均值排序为北京市>河北省>天津市;京津冀地区WEF系统各维度指数表现出不同的时空特征,其中共享维度表现出下降趋势,创新维度的空间差异性最显著;粮食产量、生活耗能占比、万元GDP耗能量、生活用水量占比、第三产业耗能占比等指标是影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键因子,协调与共享是影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键维度,本研究可为区域资源高水平管理提供科学的理论依据。

Water quality characteristics and assessment of Yongding New River by improved comprehensive water quality identification index based on game theory

The Yongding New River is essential for the water supplies of Tianjin.To date,there is no comprehensive report that assesses the year-round water quality of the Yongding New River Main stream.Moreover,little attention has been given to determining a combined weight for improving the traditional comprehensive water quality identification index(ICWQII)by the game theory.Seven water quality parameters were investigated monthly along the main stream of the Yongding New River from May 2018 to April 2019.Organic contaminants and nitrogen pollution were mainly caused by point sources pollution,and the total phosphorus mainly by non-point source pollution.Dramatic spatio-temporal variations of water quality parameters were jointly caused by different pollutant sources and hydrometeorological factors.In terms of this study,an improved comprehensive water quality identification index(ICWQII)based on entropy weight or variation coefficient and traditional CWQII underestimated the water qualities,and an ICWQII based on the superstandard multiple method overvalued the assessments.By contrast,water qualities assessments done with an ICWQII based on the game theory matched perfectly with the practical situation.The ICWQII based on game theory proposed in this study takes into account not only the degree of disorder and variation of water quality data,but also the influence of standard-exceeded pollution indicators,whose results are relatively reasonable.All findings and the ICWQII based on game theory can provide scientific support for decisions related to the water environment management of the Yongding New River and other waters.

黄河流域中小河流水质评价的比较研究

我国中小河流众多,流域面积覆盖了全国85%的城镇及广大农村地区,是区域生产生活用水的主要来源和污染负荷排放的接纳者.开展中小河流水质综合评价对于客观、准确地评价水环境质量状况,制订水污染防治整体规划具有重要意义.以黄河流域河南省2条典型中小河流为研究对象,在识别河流水污染状况的基础上,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法、水质标识指数法和模糊综合评价4种方法对水质现状进行了综合评价,探讨了不同方法在中小河流水质评价中的适用性.结果表明:2条中小河流主要污染指标为NH_(3)-N、挥发酚及TP;水质标识指数法的评价结果与可靠性分析中的水质评价结果一致性最高,该方法得到的水质类别结果更加可靠.

杭州城西科创大走廊湿地湖链景观水质信息多源遥感监测方法研究

杭州城西科创大走廊是杭州城市未来发展至关重要的区域,包含青山湖、西溪湿地、南湖、苕溪等诸多水系资源,对城西生产生活的影响日益显著.本研究利用Sentinel-2B影像、无人机高光谱数据及实测ASD光谱,选择化学需氧量(COD_(Mn))、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、溶解氧(DO)和浊度(Tur)等指标评价水质状况.结果显示:杭州城西科创大走廊综合水质指数为50~65,水质等级评价为“中等”;冬季水质状况优于夏季,青山湖和西溪湿地的水质状况优于南湖、和睦湿地及苕溪等其他水系.通过计算色度角和综合水质指数,建立了预测模型,实现了对研究区水质的定量监测.尽管基于色度角的模型预测精度较高,但存在一定的偶然性,可迁移性有待进一步提高.综上所述,杭州科创大走廊的水质状况总体较好,但仍需关注苕溪等水质变化较大的水系.

太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地夏季水质时空变化特征分析

为了解太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地夏季水质时空变化,于2022年6—9月,在芦苇湿地时空分布调查的基础上,分别采集典型湖滨带芦苇湿地表层水体样品,测定pH、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH+4-N)、高锰酸盐指数(COD Mn)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)等水质理化指标,并对湿地水质时空变化特征和水体富营养化状态进行分析。结果表明,所调查的7片芦苇湿地中pH、溶解氧(DO)、电导率(EC)、水温(WT)月间变化差异均极显著(p<0.01),COD Mn月间差异显著(p<0.05),但TN、TP、NH+4-N和Chl-a月间变化无显著差异(p>0.05)。所有水质理化指标在竺山湾、月亮湾、梅梁湾和贡湖湾芦苇湿地间均具有显著差异性(p<0.05)。湿地夏季水体基本呈中度或重度富营养化状态,时间上8月水质最差,地理位置上月亮湾最差。太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地水体属于磷限制型,限制磷元素的输入可有效控制湖滨带苇区水体富营养化的程度。

2022年西部某市农村生活饮用水水质综合评价

目的评价西部某市农村生活饮用水水质卫生现状,并探讨其影响因素。方法收集西部某市2022年农村生活饮用水监测数据,应用水质综合指数法来评价分析该市农村饮用水的水质。结果西部某市2022年农村饮用水水质综合指数(water quality index,WQI)的M(P_(25),P_(75))为0.85(0.65,1.04),整体水质优良率为72.2%;地下水的WQI值及水质优良率均优于地表水,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);大规模供水水厂(日供水≥1000 m^(3))的WQI值及水质优良率均优于小规模水厂(日供水<1000 m^(3)),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);消毒水样的WQI值及水质优良率均优于未消毒水样,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。影响该地区水质的主要不达标指标有8项,其中微生物指标1项、毒理学指标3项及一般化学指标4项。结论西部某市2022年农村生活饮用水总体水质良好。水源类型、供水规模和是否消毒等是影响该市农村饮用水水质及优良率的重要因素。

基于多种方法的淮河流域驻马店段水质综合评价

为了解驻马店市淮河流域重要支流的水质现状,选取市内5个国控断面,分别使用单因子评价法、综合水质标识指数法及模糊综合评价法分析得出各断面的综合水质类别,并对比三种方法的评价结果。结果表明,综合水质标识指数法评价结果直观合理,计算方法简单,更适合该地区断面的水质评价工作。

采煤塌陷湿地水质与富营养化评价

PAH湿地公园作为采煤沉陷区生态修复而设计的生态湿地公园,其修复后的湖泊水质情况备受关注。本研究于2023年10月在PAH北湖布置13个采样点,研究分析了氧化还原电位、水温、pH、溶解氧、电导率、透明度、五日生化需氧量、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、总氮、氨氮、总磷、叶绿素、化学需氧量和高锰酸盐指数共15项指标,对其水质和富营养化进行评价。结果表明,北湖内梅罗污染指数均值为0.86,其水质处于清洁状态。综合营养水平指数均值为59.98,北湖水体整体上处于轻度富营养化和中度富营养化的临界状态,北湖部分理化指标呈明显空间异质性。

基于WQI的河网水系水质评价及时空特性分析

为全面了解上海市主要河网水质的变化情况,基于2015~2020年主要河流上19个水质监测断面逐月水质监测数据,采用综合水质标识指数(WQI)进行水质评价,基于M-K趋势检验法分析研究区域水质的年代际和年内变化特征,通过比较南北部河流以及上、中、下游的水质变化,分析该地区主要河网水系水质的空间变化及时空差异特性。结果表明,上海市主要河网水系水质整体WQI均值为62.32,水质评价等级为中等;水质WQI值有显著上升趋势;南部河流水质优于北部河流,WQI值从上游向下游依次减小,水质沿程有所变差,但干流水质总体优于支流。研究结果可为类似河网水系的水质评价及水环境保护与管理提供参考。

城市园林景观对河道水污染的防治效果研究

针对城市水污染日益严重的问题,提出城市园林景观对河道水污染的防治效果研究。采集滨河公园河道各采样点水体样本,以理化指标、重金属和类金属含量及对应WQI和TLI评估上、下游水质。分析后可知,园林景观对河道水污染防治作用明显,且部分指标间存在关联作用,进一步分析植被过滤带、台地式石笼护岸、河岸斜坡式缓冲带和生态浮岛中各种植类型的净化效果,实验分析得出各种植类型均具备防治效果,其中乔灌木群落栽植效果最佳,因地制宜地结合各种植类型能够有效防治河道水污染。

软土地区深基坑降水地表重金属污染对周边环境的影响研究

软土地区深基坑施工会涉及大量土方开挖和基坑排水操作,增加了土壤流动性。降水天气会加快土壤重金属污染物的释放和流动速度,污染附近的土壤以及水体。为此,研究软土地区深基坑降水地表重金属污染对周边环境的影响。调查江苏省深基坑工程施工现状,采集调研地区的土壤与水样,确定实验材料和实验仪器。实验表明,通过单因子污染指数、综合污染指数、内梅罗指数验证了重金属污染对周边环境具有明显的污染影响,深基坑工程较多的工业区中重金属Cd、Pb、Cu的含量较高,降水过程会加重该影响,且软土地区深基坑施工对周边水体的影响较大。

2018-2022年九甸峡水库水质评价及变化趋势分析

作为黄河上游重要的地级地表水水源地,甘肃省甘南生态环境监测中心每月对九甸峡水库开展水质监测。2018年至2022年监测结果表明:九甸峡水库水质类别达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅱ类标准,水质状况优,水质达标率为100%。以高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、五日生化需氧量(BOD_(5))、氨氮、氟化物、砷、硫酸盐、氯化物、硝酸盐等8项监测指标为基础,采用综合污染指数评价方法和水质变化趋势分析方法,得出:8项监测指标综合污染指数均小于0.2,表明水质状况好;8项监测指标秩相关系数r_(s)均小于临界值W_(p),表明在2018-2022年内九甸峡水库水质变化趋势平稳,水质持续优良,未发生水质污染现象。

基于指数平滑的ARIMA模型预测河流水质研究

依托于上海市嘉定区横沥河2009年~2022年高锰酸盐指数和总磷数据,构建ARIMA模型并预测未来数值,加入指数平滑预处理,对比处理前后ARIMA模型表现。结果表明:ARIMA模型对高锰酸盐指数预测结果相对较为准确,对总磷预测结果相对误差较大。指数平滑预处理能增强ARIMA模型拟合度和预测精度,相较于单一ARIMA模型,指数平滑-ARIMA模型表现明显改善,可将高锰酸盐指数和总磷预测模型拟合优度R^(2)分别提高0.511和0.397,显著降低总磷预测值相对误差,最大可减少52.94%。

基于三种水质指数方法的万泉河口健康评价

为了解海南万泉河口的水质变化特征现状,以2021年5月至2022年5月的溶氧量、氨氮、总氮、总磷以及五日生化需氧量为水质指标,分别采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法和改进的灰色关联分析法对水质状况进行了分析与评价,并对三种评价方法的结果进行比较.结果表明:万泉河口各个位点都受到了不同程度的污染,多数位点的溶氧量和总氮含量超过中国Ⅲ类水环境质量标准,其中以位于沙美内海最南端的位点和位于河口北侧狭窄河道的位点污染最为严重,总氮和生化需氧量含量超过中国Ⅲ类水环境质量标准,并且污染程度呈现明显的季节性变化,旱季的污染程度较雨季更高.同单因子评价法与综合污染指数法相比,改进的灰色关联分析法能够较为全面且客观地评价污染物的影响,并能判断主要的污染物类别,可有效地进行水质评价.