Spatial changes and driving factors of lake water quality in Inner Mongolia, China

Lakes play important roles in sustaining the ecosystem and economic development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China,but the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of water quality in lakes so far remain unclear.This study aimed to identify the spatial changes in water quality and the driving factors of seven lakes(Juyanhai Lake,Ulansuhai Lake,Hongjiannao Lake,Daihai Lake,Chagannaoer Lake,Hulun Lake,and Wulannuoer Lake)across the longitudinal axis(from the west to the east)of Inner Mongolia.Large-scale research was conducted using the comprehensive trophic level index(TLI(Σ)),multivariate statistics,and spatial analysis methods.The results showed that most lakes in Inner Mongolia were weakly alkaline.Total dissolved solids and salinity of lake water showed obvious zonation characteristics.Nitrogen and phosphorus were identified as the main pollutants in lakes,with high average concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus being of 4.05 and 0.21 mg/L,respectively.The values of TLI(Σ)ranged from 49.14 to 71.77,indicating varying degrees of lake eutrophication,and phosphorus was the main driver of lake eutrophication.The lakes of Inner Mongolia could be categorized into lakes to the west of Daihai Lake and lakes to the east of Daihai Lake in terms of salinity and TLI(Σ).The salinity levels of lakes to the west of Daihai Lake exceeded those of lakes to the east of Daihai Lake,whereas the opposite trend was observed for lake trophic level.The intensity and mode of anthropogenic activities were the driving factors of the spatial patterns of lake water quality.It is recommended to control the impact of anthropogenic activities on the water quality of lakes in Inner Mongolia to improve lake ecological environment.These findings provide a more thorough understanding of the driving mechanism of the spatial patterns of water quality in lakes of Inner Mongolia,which can be used to develop strategies for lake ecosystem protection and water resources management in this region.

Sample investigation and evaluation of the water quality in aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in Foshan city

To investigate the water quality of sampling in aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in the five districts of Foshan city, and use the environmental pollution index to evaluate the condition of water quality. The results indicated that water temperature and pH of aquaculture ponds cound meet the requirements of fish normal growth,and dissolved oxygen was rich, but the water quality was over fertilized generally. In 20 investigation spots of the five districts, the content of CODCr, NH4^＋-N and TP exceeded 90%, 30% and 85% respectively. The pollution degrees of the water quality from high to low in aquaculture ponds were Chancheng district,Nanhai district, Sanshui district, Shunde district, Gaoming district. The comprehensive quality index of aquaculture ponds was 1.44 in Foshan city, the water quality was polluted severly as a whole. The share rate of pollution load of TP was the highest, the second were CODCr and NH4^＋-N. On the whole, the pollution of organic matter was very prominent in the water quality of aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in Foshan city that had been eutrophicated.

Evaluation on Environment State of Breeding Area in Shuidong Bay by Using Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method

Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to develop a standard model to analyze and evaluate nearness degree of water environment quality at breeding area of Shuidong Bay in China.Results showed that certain environment contamination factors in some areas seriously exceeded the standard value and led to the whole water quality at the third class level.The measurements should be taken to promote the sustainable development of breeding area in Shuidong Bay.

Integrated Assessment of Mineral Resources and Environmentin Mid-South of Shandong Province

On the bases of the field survey and a large number of testing data, we process the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the mine environment in the mid south of Shandong Province using the following grade Ⅰ factors:the surface subsidence in mining area, the three wastes of mine industries, the pollution sources, the surface water pollution, the underground water pollution and the air pollution. By means of emitting factor judgment and water quality indexes, we locate pollution sources, main pollutants, pollution type and pollution grade in the study area. Using the MAPGIS, we draw a zonality map of the mine environment. This paper attempts to offer a concrete example, including valuable assessment method, data and conclusion, for the assessment of mine environment from the integrated assessment of mineral resources and mine environment. This research is oriented towards the sustainable development and the ecological environment optimization.

Water Quality Analysis of Fuping Section of the Shichuan River Based on Different Evaluation Methods

In order to study the water quality of the Shichuan River basin in Fuping,Shaanxi Province,based on improved Nemerow index method,comprehensive pollution index method and principal component analysis method,eight water quality indexes such as pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),total dissolved solids(TDS),COD,total hardness,total phosphorus,total nitrogen and Zn in three monitoring sections of Fuping section of the Shichuan River in Shaanxi Province were detected and analyzed.The results show that the water quality of the surface water in the Shichuan River basin is gradeⅢorⅣwater,that is,the water is slightly polluted and moderately polluted.It is necessary to monitor the water quality after regulation and clarify the main factors causing the water pollution.

基于两种评价方法的内蒙古哈素海水环境质量评价分析

为明确哈素海水质状况,推进内蒙古黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展,2021年夏季(7月)和秋季(10月),对哈素海六个监测点的水环境进行调查研究,并采用单因子评价法和模糊综合评价法分析其水环境质量和影响因素。结果表明,哈素海夏季单因子评价法各监测点水质为Ⅴ类及以上,秋季各监测点水质为Ⅳ类或Ⅴ类;哈素海夏季模糊综合评价法各监测点水质为Ⅴ类或以下,秋季各监测点水质为Ⅲ类或Ⅳ类;两种方法均表明哈素海秋季水质优于夏季。夏季后河进水口和东南湖区的水质较好,秋季黄河进水口的水质较差,且总氮、总磷是影响哈素海水质的主要因素。研究表明,单因子评价法和模糊综合评价法对哈素海水质类别评价有差异,模糊综合评价法得到的水质等级优于单因子评价法,但总体趋势基本一致,建议采用两种方法联合评价哈素海的水质。

城市河流水质监测指标间的相关性分析及预测

为快速监测城市河流水质,有效追踪并控制污染源,选用某市4个水质监测站的19期监测数据,分析常规水质指标与核心水质指标间的相关性,揭示其水质状况和月度变化趋势,并使用Mantel检验和信息论模型选择方法确定与核心指标关联度最强的常规指标,建立最优回归预测模型。研究发现,不同监测站的相同核心指标与常规指标的关联程度各异;高锰酸盐指数与浊度、总氮与溶解氧、氨氮与电导率、浊度与氯化物总体均呈正相关,且具有小幅波动;五日生化需氧量和总磷与常规指标间无显著相关。分析表明,在全面分析各监测站大量有效数据的基础上,构建相对可靠的总体回归预测模型,所得水质监测分析结果可为制定有效的水质污染防治措施提供决策依据。

高质量发展视角下京津冀地区WEF系统综合评价研究

为综合评价京津冀地区的高质量发展水平,从创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享等5个维度构建高质量发展评价指标体系,采用熵值-变异系数综合赋权法计算指标权重,利用线性加权法构建综合评价指数模型测度京津冀地区WEF系统高质量发展的水平,并基于灰色关联度模型探究影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键因子与维度。结果表明:2011—2021年京津冀地区WEF系统综合评价指数呈现上升趋势,空间尺度上3个省市的均值排序为北京市>河北省>天津市;京津冀地区WEF系统各维度指数表现出不同的时空特征,其中共享维度表现出下降趋势,创新维度的空间差异性最显著;粮食产量、生活耗能占比、万元GDP耗能量、生活用水量占比、第三产业耗能占比等指标是影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键因子,协调与共享是影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键维度,本研究可为区域资源高水平管理提供科学的理论依据。

Water quality characteristics and assessment of Yongding New River by improved comprehensive water quality identification index based on game theory

The Yongding New River is essential for the water supplies of Tianjin.To date,there is no comprehensive report that assesses the year-round water quality of the Yongding New River Main stream.Moreover,little attention has been given to determining a combined weight for improving the traditional comprehensive water quality identification index(ICWQII)by the game theory.Seven water quality parameters were investigated monthly along the main stream of the Yongding New River from May 2018 to April 2019.Organic contaminants and nitrogen pollution were mainly caused by point sources pollution,and the total phosphorus mainly by non-point source pollution.Dramatic spatio-temporal variations of water quality parameters were jointly caused by different pollutant sources and hydrometeorological factors.In terms of this study,an improved comprehensive water quality identification index(ICWQII)based on entropy weight or variation coefficient and traditional CWQII underestimated the water qualities,and an ICWQII based on the superstandard multiple method overvalued the assessments.By contrast,water qualities assessments done with an ICWQII based on the game theory matched perfectly with the practical situation.The ICWQII based on game theory proposed in this study takes into account not only the degree of disorder and variation of water quality data,but also the influence of standard-exceeded pollution indicators,whose results are relatively reasonable.All findings and the ICWQII based on game theory can provide scientific support for decisions related to the water environment management of the Yongding New River and other waters.

黄河流域中小河流水质评价的比较研究

我国中小河流众多,流域面积覆盖了全国85%的城镇及广大农村地区,是区域生产生活用水的主要来源和污染负荷排放的接纳者.开展中小河流水质综合评价对于客观、准确地评价水环境质量状况,制订水污染防治整体规划具有重要意义.以黄河流域河南省2条典型中小河流为研究对象,在识别河流水污染状况的基础上,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法、水质标识指数法和模糊综合评价4种方法对水质现状进行了综合评价,探讨了不同方法在中小河流水质评价中的适用性.结果表明:2条中小河流主要污染指标为NH_(3)-N、挥发酚及TP;水质标识指数法的评价结果与可靠性分析中的水质评价结果一致性最高,该方法得到的水质类别结果更加可靠.

城市景观水体水质时空分布特征及其评价方法适用性研究

为探究城市景观湖泊水质特征及其水质评价的适用性方法,以兴庆湖为研究对象,选取5个采样点,根据2018年1月至2020年9月水体逐月pH值及TP、NH_(3)-N、DO、COD浓度监测值,采用单因子评价法、综合水质指数评估法、水质健康综合评估法和熵权-TOPSIS法对兴庆湖水质进行评价。结果表明:兴庆湖水质指标存在时空分布差异,水体进入兴庆湖后,除氨氮外,其他水质指标值增大;pH值春夏两季高于秋冬两季,TP质量浓度夏秋两季高于春冬两季,COD、NH_(3)-N质量浓度秋冬季高于春夏季;4种水质评价方法对兴庆湖水质评价结果有差异,经综合比较分析,熵权-TOPSIS法不受指标数量、数据分布等的限制,减少了主观因素的影响,能准确反映水体水质情况。

杭州城西科创大走廊湿地湖链景观水质信息多源遥感监测方法研究

杭州城西科创大走廊是杭州城市未来发展至关重要的区域,包含青山湖、西溪湿地、南湖、苕溪等诸多水系资源,对城西生产生活的影响日益显著.本研究利用Sentinel-2B影像、无人机高光谱数据及实测ASD光谱,选择化学需氧量(COD_(Mn))、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、溶解氧(DO)和浊度(Tur)等指标评价水质状况.结果显示:杭州城西科创大走廊综合水质指数为50~65,水质等级评价为“中等”;冬季水质状况优于夏季,青山湖和西溪湿地的水质状况优于南湖、和睦湿地及苕溪等其他水系.通过计算色度角和综合水质指数,建立了预测模型,实现了对研究区水质的定量监测.尽管基于色度角的模型预测精度较高,但存在一定的偶然性,可迁移性有待进一步提高.综上所述,杭州科创大走廊的水质状况总体较好,但仍需关注苕溪等水质变化较大的水系.

太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地夏季水质时空变化特征分析

为了解太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地夏季水质时空变化,于2022年6—9月,在芦苇湿地时空分布调查的基础上,分别采集典型湖滨带芦苇湿地表层水体样品,测定pH、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH+4-N)、高锰酸盐指数(COD Mn)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)等水质理化指标,并对湿地水质时空变化特征和水体富营养化状态进行分析。结果表明,所调查的7片芦苇湿地中pH、溶解氧(DO)、电导率(EC)、水温(WT)月间变化差异均极显著(p<0.01),COD Mn月间差异显著(p<0.05),但TN、TP、NH+4-N和Chl-a月间变化无显著差异(p>0.05)。所有水质理化指标在竺山湾、月亮湾、梅梁湾和贡湖湾芦苇湿地间均具有显著差异性(p<0.05)。湿地夏季水体基本呈中度或重度富营养化状态,时间上8月水质最差,地理位置上月亮湾最差。太湖北部湖滨带芦苇湿地水体属于磷限制型,限制磷元素的输入可有效控制湖滨带苇区水体富营养化的程度。

2022年西部某市农村生活饮用水水质综合评价

目的评价西部某市农村生活饮用水水质卫生现状,并探讨其影响因素。方法收集西部某市2022年农村生活饮用水监测数据,应用水质综合指数法来评价分析该市农村饮用水的水质。结果西部某市2022年农村饮用水水质综合指数(water quality index,WQI)的M(P_(25),P_(75))为0.85(0.65,1.04),整体水质优良率为72.2%;地下水的WQI值及水质优良率均优于地表水,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);大规模供水水厂(日供水≥1000 m^(3))的WQI值及水质优良率均优于小规模水厂(日供水<1000 m^(3)),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);消毒水样的WQI值及水质优良率均优于未消毒水样,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。影响该地区水质的主要不达标指标有8项,其中微生物指标1项、毒理学指标3项及一般化学指标4项。结论西部某市2022年农村生活饮用水总体水质良好。水源类型、供水规模和是否消毒等是影响该市农村饮用水水质及优良率的重要因素。

北京市岩溶地下水质量评价及其生态环境效应

【研究目的】岩溶地下水是北京市重要的供水水源,在城市供水安全保障中发挥着难以替代的作用,同时又具有重要的生态功能。【研究方法】本文以2021年6月在北京市系统采集的278件岩溶地下水样化验数据为基础,以岩溶水系统为单元,开展了岩溶水单因子质量评价和综合质量评价,并首次对有机指标进行了统计和分析。【研究结果】(1)北京市岩溶水的pH、TDS和TH平均值分别为7.69、334.77 mg/L和262.01 mg/L,具有弱碱性、低盐度和低硬度的特点,地下水质量总体良好。(2)非常规指标的检出率从大到小为:苯并[a]芘(4.32%)、三溴甲烷(3.60%)和二甲苯(总量)(2.52%),应当引起足够重视。(3)北京市岩溶水水质Ⅰ~Ⅲ类总占比为82.01%,Ⅳ和Ⅴ类总占比为17.99%,超标点主要集中在山区与平原分界线处,超标指标主要有Fe、TH、NH_(3)-N、Mn、SO_(4)^(2-)、F^(-)、NO_(3)-N等。【结论】北京市生态涵养区是重要的水源补给区和生态保护区,区内岩溶水对于保障首都供水安全和保护生态环境具有重要意义,今后应通过提高植被覆盖率加强水源涵养以增加补给量,应严格控制点源和面源污染减少污染物输入,持续优化监测网络进行预警,广泛宣传增强公众生态环保意识,共同保护岩溶水的生态环境。

石嘴山典型入黄排水沟水质时空变化特征及驱动因素

为确保入黄排水沟水质稳定达标,实现黄河流域生态保护及高质量发展,应用WQI-DET指数和水质主成分分析指数(PCAI)两项综合水质指标分析了宁夏入黄第三与第五排水沟石嘴山段2020—2022年水质时空变化特征,并结合曼特尔检验和事后多重比较法从自然因素与人类因素两方面探究了排水沟水质变化驱动因素。结果表明:排水沟贺兰段断面水质达标率最低(第三排水沟57.6%,第五排水沟69.4%),第三排水沟污染源多,治理难度大,第五排水沟污染源少,水质稳定;农田退水污染主要发生在灌溉前期,灌溉中期与冬灌期的农田退水可对河道起净化作用;第五排水沟灌溉前期多项指标与其他时期存在显著差异(p<0.05);自然因素对排水沟水质无显著影响,当地污染源以生活污水和工业废水为主。

城市园林景观对河道水污染的防治效果研究

针对城市水污染日益严重的问题,提出城市园林景观对河道水污染的防治效果研究。采集滨河公园河道各采样点水体样本,以理化指标、重金属和类金属含量及对应WQI和TLI评估上、下游水质。分析后可知,园林景观对河道水污染防治作用明显,且部分指标间存在关联作用,进一步分析植被过滤带、台地式石笼护岸、河岸斜坡式缓冲带和生态浮岛中各种植类型的净化效果,实验分析得出各种植类型均具备防治效果,其中乔灌木群落栽植效果最佳,因地制宜地结合各种植类型能够有效防治河道水污染。

黄冈白莲河水库水质状况评估

本文基于黄冈市白莲河水库的水质跟踪调查,深入分析了气候变化、污染及不可持续土地使用方式等因素对水库生态环境的影响。研究发现,2016年至2023年间,水库中的高锰酸盐指数、氨氮和总磷等关键污染物浓度逐年下降,三项污染物指标均低于国家地表水二类标准,综合污染指数评价接近一类水质标准。这一系列积极变化不仅验证了综合治理措施的有效性,也预示着白莲河水库水质明显好转,为黄冈市的可持续发展提供了坚实保障。

大黑河呼和浩特段近十年水环境质量变化特征分析

依据大黑河呼和浩特段2013—2022年间的水质监测数据,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法及Spearman秩相关系数法对大黑河水质状况进行综合分析评价,为全面掌握大黑河水环境质量变化趋势提供技术支撑。分析发现,近十年来大黑河水质污染状况变化显著,水环境质量改善明显。

基于多种方法的淮河流域驻马店段水质综合评价

为了解驻马店市淮河流域重要支流的水质现状,选取市内5个国控断面,分别使用单因子评价法、综合水质标识指数法及模糊综合评价法分析得出各断面的综合水质类别,并对比三种方法的评价结果。结果表明,综合水质标识指数法评价结果直观合理,计算方法简单,更适合该地区断面的水质评价工作。