Application Research of PETD Combined with MRI Nerve Root Water Imaging in the Minimally Invasive Treatment of LDH

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PETD combined with nerve root water imaging of MRI for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 62 patients with lumbar disc herniation from March 2019 to March 2021. The study included an experimental group of 30 patients and a control group of 32 patients. The experimental group underwent PETD combined with nerve root water imaging of MRI, while the control group received traditional PETD treatment. The visual analogue scoring method (VAS score), and JOA lumbar spine function score before and after surgery were compared between the two groups, and efficacy was assessed and compared using the MacNab score. Results: The mean operation time was significantly reduced in the experimental group (56.43 ±10.40 minutes) compared to the control group (65.69 ±14.12 minutes). The VAS score was compared between the two groups with preoperative (p = 0.624), one month after surgery (p = 0.325), three months after surgery (p = 0.676), one year after surgery (p = 0.341);The JOA score was compared between the two groups with preoperative (p = 0.961), one month after the surgery (p = 0.266), three months after surgery (p = 0.185), one year after surgery (p = 0.870), they were no significant statistical difference;The efficacy evaluation of the last follow-up Macnab showed that all the 30 patients in the experimental group were excellent, 31 of 32 patients in the control group were excellent, 1 case was good;There was no statistical difference in the comparison between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The study concludes that the combined approach of PETD with nerve root water imaging of MRI is a safe, effective, and more efficient alternative to conventional PETD for treating lumbar disc herniation.

Invasion and control of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)in China

By the time of primary 21st century, water hyacinth had become a serious environmental problem in China. Water hyacinth contributes to the major part of ecological hazards from the invasion of foreign plant species, which is estimated about USD 7 billion a year in values. In the past 10 years, herbicides glyphosate, 2,4-D and paraquat have been used in controlling water hyacinth in China. Al- though the herbicides provided effective control on the weed in some areas, they could not provide the sustainable inhibition on the weed population, while would lead to pollution on water at various levels. At present, the herbicide application on water hyacinth is forbidden in many areas of China such as Shanghai. In this situation, the asexual reproduction inhibitor, KWH02, was invented for controlling water hyacinth and it provided about 70% of growth inhibition without any risk of dead plant pollution. It has been about 10 years for bio-control of water hyacinth in China. Works focused on mainly the efficacy and safety of the utilization of foreign insects. Researches on microorganism herbicides to control water hyacinth were started and obtained primary achievements in recent years. Although there are different opinions on how to face the water hyacinth problem in China, it is accepted widely that the control methods should be high efficient and safe with low cost. Some practical measures for integrated management of water hyacinth are suggested.

Experimental Study of Invasion and Biofouling of Freshwater Mussel <i>Limnoperna fortunei</i>

Golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei(Dunker 1857) is a filter-collector species of fresh water mussel originating from southern China. In the water transfer tunnels from the East River to Shenzhen and Hong Kong, golden mussels attach to the walls of pipelines and gates, causing serious biofouling, increased flow resistance, and resulted in corrosion of the tunnel wall. Golden mussel has very high environmental adaptability and may colonize habitats with low dissolved oxygen and a wide range of trophic levels. The colonization process of the species on solid surface was studied in the Xizhijiang River, a tributary of the East River and the main water resource of Shenzhen from March 2010 to April 2011. The results showed that the golden mussel completed three generations and reproduced six cohorts per year in the tropic zone. Water temperature was the controlling factor for the growth rate and maturity of each cohort. Based on the results, an ecological method for controlling the invasion of golden mussels in water transfer tunnels was proposed.

The sensitivity of the array resistivity log to mud filtrate invasion and its primary five-parameter inversion for improved oil water recognition

In order to improve reservoir fluid recognition, the sensitivity of array resistivity response to the difference of the invasion properties in both oil-bearing layers and water layers is analyzed. Then the primary inversion is carried out based on the array resistivity log. The mud invasion process is numerically simulated based on the oil-water flow equation and water convection diffusion equation. The results show that the radial resistivity of a fresh mud-invaded oil-bearing layer presents complex distribution characteristics, such as nonlinear increase, increasing to decreasing and low resistivity annulus, and the resistive invasion profile of a water layer is monotonic. Under specific conditions, array resistivity log can reflect these changes and the array induction log is more sensitive. Nevertheless, due to the effect of factors like large invasion depth, reservoir physical and oil-bearing properties, the measured apparent resistivity may differ greatly from the actual mud filtrate invasion profile in an oil-bearing layer. We proposed a five-parameter formation model to simulate the complex resistivity distribution of fresh mud-invaded formation. Then, based on the principle of non-linear least squares, the measured array resistivity log is used for inversion with the Marquardt method. It is demonstrated that the inverted resistivity is typically non-monotonic in oil-bearing layers and is monotonic in water layers. Processing of some field data shows that this is helpful in achieving efficient reservoir fluid recognition.

Nd:YAG water mist laser treatment for giant gestational gingival tumor: A case report

BACKGROUND This case of gestational gingival tumor is huge and extremely rare in clinical practice.As the growth location of this gingival tumor is in the upper anterior tooth area,it seriously affects the pregnant woman's speech and food,causing great pain to the patient.The use of Nd:YGA water mist laser to remove the gingival tumor resulted in minimal intraoperative bleeding,minimal adverse reactions,and good postoperative healing,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.CASE SUMMARY The patient,a pregnant woman,reported a large lump in her mouth on the first day of postpartum treatment.Based on medical history and clinical examination,the diagnosis was diagnosed as gestational gingival tumor.Postoperative pathological biopsy also confirmed this diagnosis.The use of Nd:YAG water mist laser to remove the tumor resulted in minimal intraoperative bleeding,clear surgical field of view,short surgical time,and good postoperative healing.CONCLUSION In comparison to traditional surgery,Nd:YAG water mist laser surgery is minimally invasive,minimizes cell damage,reduces bleeding,ensures a clear field of vision,and virtually eliminates postoperative edema,carbonization,and the risk of cross infection.It has unique advantages in oral soft tissue surgery for pregnant patients.Therefore,the clinical application of Nd:YAG water mist laser for the treatment of gestational gingival tumors is an ideal choice.

Emphysematous sloughed floating ball after prostate water vaporization Rezum:A case report

BACKGROUND Rezūm™water vapor therapy is a new minimally invasive endoscopic technology for the management and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old male presented to our department with severe dysuria,frequency,urgency,and interrupted stream 2 mo after receiving Rezūm™therapy.The symptoms were caused by a retained floating emphysematous necrotic sloughed tissue.We also discovered a persistent bacterial infection that was resistant to parenteral antimicrobial therapy.The treatment of the patient included surgical removal of the necrotic tissue.CONCLUSION Despite the good safety profile and minimal adverse events related to Rezūm™therapy,major complications can still occur.

超深层多重介质储层径向非稳态水侵模型

为进一步认识超深层多重介质储层的水侵规律,将水体分别考虑为无限大水体和封闭水体,建立了其关于双重介质储层和三重介质储层的径向非稳态水侵模型。利用拉普拉斯变化等数学方法对模型进行求解,得到拉普拉斯空间下的累计水侵量解,再通过数值反演即可获得实空间下的累计水侵量解。绘制了无限大水体多重介质储层和封闭水体多重介质储层的水侵曲线,对两种水体的水侵曲线进行了对比分析以及对多重介质储层水侵曲线进行了参数敏感性分析。最后,选用塔里木盆地超深层缝洞型油藏的现场数据并结合物质平衡原理对模型进行了验证分析。研究表明,无限大水体水侵曲线不断上升,封闭水体水侵曲线后期保持平稳且有“水侵台阶”出现;水体半径和储容比主要影响水侵曲线的位置高低;窜流系数主要影响“水侵台阶”出现的时间早晚;该水侵模型能准确地求取累计水侵量大小。建立的水侵模型以及绘制的水侵曲线可为超深层多重介质储层水侵机理研究提供理论参考。

复杂底水气藏水侵动态模拟及应用——以元坝长兴组气藏为例

元坝长兴组气藏为局部发育隔夹层的条带状生物礁底水气藏,不同气水分布模式下两相渗流机理复杂,水侵动态认识不深入,控水对策制定缺乏理论指导,严重制约了气藏高产稳产。通过设计流体微观渗流实验,分析不同气水分布模式水侵机理,建立隔层型及无隔层型气井水侵早期预警模型,开展气井见水风险评级,形成差异化控水稳气技术对策。研究成果表明:1)气藏隔层发育使得水侵机理呈现显著差异,考虑复杂气水分布模式能够有效提升水侵动态模拟精度,气井见水时间预测误差可小于10%。2)无隔层型及隔层型2类气水分布模式气井无水采气期的可控因素影响程度由强到弱均为避水高度、生产压差及井筒内径。3)针对无隔层型井区气井,避水高度对气井无水采气期影响趋势与生产压差及井筒内径有显著差异,其影响规模可达另2个因素的3倍以上;隔层型气井无水采气期对于各因素敏感性较无隔层气井显著降低,影响程度变化趋势趋于一致。4)识别气井水侵加剧特征后,应综合考虑底水锥进临界产量及产能来动态调控气井生产压差,延缓水侵速度,元坝气田产水风险井无水采气期平均延长2.3年,控水侵效果显著。以上研究成果有效支撑了元坝气田水侵动态分析及防控对策制定,为同类型气藏高效开发提供技术借鉴。

5种方法治理盐城滩涂互花米草的效果及对越冬水鸟影响分析

为治理外来入侵物种互花米草,江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区采用5种不同物理处理方法进行治理,通过后期监测发现互花米草治理效果显著。治理区的互花米草活株数、密度、盖度、鲜重和干重均有大幅度下降,分区1(深翻)和分区2(刈割+淡水水淹)治理效果较佳;珍禽候鸟监测发现10月份有220只/10种,11月份有155只/12种,且分区2能够吸引更多珍禽候鸟。为了保护本土植株生存空间、维护盐城湿地生态多样性、根除外来互花米草入侵,保护区互花米草治理效果显著,可大规模示范推广应用。

农业耕作和外来植物入侵对金沙江下游库区新生消落带土壤养分和酶活性的影响

金沙江下游梯级水电站新生消落带上农业耕作较为普遍,同时广泛存在外来植物入侵,这可能会对其土壤养分状况产生潜在影响。基于此,以乌东德电站库区新生消落带为研究区域,以淹水后自然形成的狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)群落为对照,选择典型农作物玉米(Zea mays)与入侵植物银胶菊(Parthenium hysterophorus)为研究对象,通过比较不同群落下0~10 cm和10~20 cm深度土壤养分含量及酶活性差异,探讨农业耕作和外来植物入侵对消落带土壤养分状况的影响。结果表明:①玉米和银胶菊群落下0~10 cm土层有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾含量显著高于狗牙根群落(P<0.05),增幅为24.58%~136.98%;10~20 cm土层的有机质、氮磷钾养分全量和速效养分含量也较狗牙根群落显著高出16.67%~141.68%(P<0.05)。②相较狗牙根群落,玉米和银胶菊群落下0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层的脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、硝酸还原酶活性均显著增加(P<0.05),增幅为5.60%~378.65%。3个群落中,银胶菊群落土壤酶指数最高,较狗牙根群落显著高出23.49%(P<0.05)。③消落带土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均与脲酶、蔗糖酶、硝酸还原酶、碱性磷酸酶活性之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05),表明上述酶活性可作为消落带土壤养分状况变化的有效表征。总的来看,农耕活动和银胶菊入侵促进了落干期金沙江下游新生消落带土壤养分的积累和有效性的增加。因此,应加强消落带农业耕作的管控并尽快开展入侵植物防治,以减少淹水期消落带土壤养分流失风险。

塔里木盆地库车坳陷克深气藏超深层致密砂岩储层天然裂缝发育特征及对水侵的影响

天然裂缝是影响塔里木盆地库车坳陷克深超深层致密砂岩气藏气井高产和水侵的重要因素,裂缝研究对明确气藏水侵规律及防控水政策的制定意义重大。通过岩心、铸体薄片、常规测井、成像测井、生产数据、试井等资料,研究了有效裂缝发育特征、分布规律及气藏水侵特征,探讨了不同缝网系统水侵的影响。高角度和近直立的剪切裂缝为该区最主要的裂缝类型。垂向上,巴什基奇克组一段多为全充填裂缝,为无效裂缝;巴二段和巴三段多为半—无充填裂缝,为有效裂缝。平面上,NNW—SSE向有效裂缝富集在气藏西部,且平均开度大;东部相对发育近E—W向、NWW—SEE向的有效裂缝,平均开度较小。有效裂缝越发育,开度越大,气井初期封存水的产出越低,多产出凝析水。从投产到见水,地层水呈封存水、凝析水、可动水、纯地层水等赋存形式产出。有效裂缝的发育程度,开度及走向是影响非均质水侵的重要因素。与水侵方向近平行的、密集的、高有效性的缝网系统会加快水侵速度,导致气井大量产水,严重降低气井产能。综合有效裂缝的发育特征和单井水侵特征,气藏呈现出边底水沿断裂/密集裂缝快速水窜型、边水沿稀疏裂缝缓慢锥进型、边底水缓慢抬升侵入型3种水侵模式。

灯影组二段底水气藏试采特征及气井合理配产研究——以安岳气田GS1井区为例

四川盆地安岳气田GS1井区灯影组二段气藏为大型低幅宽缓构造、下部发育具统一气水界面底水的裂缝—孔洞型气藏,非均质性较强,开发过程中面临底水沿高角度裂缝、孔洞推进风险。为了提高GS1井区灯影组二段底水气藏开发效果,文章通过气藏特征综合研究,储层渗流特征、井区试采动态特征总结,综合考虑储层展布、气水关系将气藏划分四类水侵风险区,建立水侵机理模型并进行数值模拟,预测区域水侵模式。结合国内外典型缝洞型底水气藏研究,设计GS1井区底水气藏采气速度合理区间1.5%~3%,以延长无水采气期和确保长期稳产为目的,制定四类水侵风险区气井配产,有效指导气藏开发生产并获得了阶段性成效,为同类裂缝—孔洞型底水气藏的开发生产提供了有益指导。

基于浮游植物动态变化评估调水对棘洪滩水库水质的影响

胶东调水工程是山东省远距离、跨流域、跨区域的大型水资源调配工程,实行长江水、黄河水和当地湖库水多水源联合调度,是胶东地区重要的水资源保障和配置工程。该研究以胶东调水工程水源地(峡山水库)和受水水库(棘洪滩水库)为典型代表,共布设5个样点进行浮游植物全年月度监测和加密监测,对调水过程中2个水库的浮游植物物种组成、丰度、群落结构、优势种、共有物种及多样性进行了比较分析,以评估水库间调水可能产生的水质风险。结果显示:峡山水库调水到棘洪滩水库,导致2个水库的浮游植物趋于同质化,以假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.)为首的多个优势蓝藻在棘洪滩水库中具有很好的适应性,使棘洪滩水库浮游植物多样性降低,群落结构受到严重影响;棘洪滩水库水质随调水从清洁型或寡污型快速向重污染型过渡。调水管理部门应密切关注水源地和受水水库的浮游植物及水质状况变化,尽可能选择合适的水源、合适的季节和合适的调水量进行生态调水,确保受水水库水质安全。

无创性皮肤生理功能测试仪的应用进展

无创性皮肤功能检测技术由于其方便、快捷、无创等优势,可用于多种常见皮肤病的辅助检查,对指导疾病诊治具有重要意义。其中皮肤生理功能测试仪是近年来新兴的无创性皮肤功能检测技术,可以通过检测经皮失水量(TEWL)、表皮pH值、角质层含水量(SCH)、皮脂含量等对皮肤屏障进行评估。本文阐述和探讨无创性皮肤生理功能测试仪在皮肤科的临床应用及实际意义,为其分析皮肤屏障功能与诊疗效果的相关性提供依据。

WSC气藏水侵特征及其对改建储气库的影响评价研究

对于有水气藏改建储气库前期评价而言,水侵特征及其对建库参数设计和储气库运行动态的影响是研究的重点内容,储气库注采井位部署、有效库容、调峰能力及储气库运行参数设计必须以水侵特征研究成果为基础。根据WSC气藏的动静态资料,从产水气井产出水水性分析与水淹时间识别、水侵量计算、气藏产水量预测等方面分析气藏的水侵特征和宏观水侵规律,评价水体的活跃性。基于建库参数和气藏三维地质模型,采用气藏数值模拟方法,分别从上限压力、井位部署、采气速度和库容损失方面模拟研究储气库的运行动态及水侵对建库的影响。并提出相应对策:将储气库采气井部署在海拔-2550m以上的构造高部位,控制储气库上限压力不超过原始地层压力,在采气规模3000×10^(4)m^(3)/d、34口井平均单井产量为88.24×10^(4)m^(3)/d的供气条件下,可有效控制水侵对储气库运行的危害。

边水气藏水侵动态分析方法及水侵主控因素

基于经典分流理论与气水渗流规律,推导了考虑气体高速非达西渗流的边水气藏分流方程,并根据四川盆地某边水气藏多口产水气井的基础资料,分析了水侵动态特征参数的变化规律及主控因素,探讨了延缓气藏水侵的技术思路与对策。研究结果表明:(1)新的改进分流方程能够确定不同开发时刻气藏(或气井)边水的整体推进情况及见边水时间,相较于传统的基于达西定律的分流方程,该计算结果更加可靠。(2)边水气藏水侵动态受制于多种因素的综合影响,其中储层渗透率对其影响最为显著,其次为非达西流系数、相对渗透率及孔隙度,而有效厚度、供气边界及水侵流量的影响程度较小。(3)充分发掘物性较均一的低渗致密段储层的开发潜力是提升边水气藏开发效果的关键,制定合理的气藏采气强度是主动控水、稳水的重要手段。

基于智能算法的气藏水体参数计算

气藏水体参数的合理确定是准确计算水侵量的重要因素,为水侵气藏动态分析、开发方案的调整提供有力支撑。为此,以水驱气藏物质平衡方程为基础,建立水体参数模型以形成目标函数,在拟合地层压力与实测地层压力误差最小的前提下计算水体参数,探讨基于智能算法的气藏水体参数计算方法。以某气藏A井区为例,分别采用鲸鱼优化算法和粒子群优化算法对目标函数进行优化,计算水体参数,并作对比分析,研究结果表明:①用鲸鱼优化算法得到最佳的水体参数组合是水体内边界半径(r_(w))1101 m,无因次外边界半径(r_(eD))5.10,水侵角度(θ)25.07°,储容比(ω)0.13,窜流系数(λ)0.00035;用粒子群优化算法得到最佳的水体参数组合是水体内边界半径(r_(w))1030 m,无因次外边界半径(r_(eD))4.83,水侵角度(θ)15.68°,储容比(ω)0.21,窜流系数(λ)0.00016。②两种算法得到拟合地层压力值与实测地层压力值的相对误差均较小,整体不超过5%;同时,鲸鱼优化算法的平均相对误差1.36%,较之粒子群算法平均相对误差2.01%,鲸鱼优化算法的误差相对更小。③鲸鱼优化算法具有收敛速度快、全局搜索能力强和操作简便等优势;粒子群算法作为一种进化算法,具有计算目标函数收敛值更小的特点。两种算法均可行。水体参数计算结果为该气藏水侵规律分析确定了基础参数,算法对比研究结果则增添了新的技术手段,为我国同类气藏的水体参数计算及基于计算结果的气藏高效开发提供技术参考。

底水气藏开发对策研究现状

底水气藏在我国天然气勘探开发中占有重要地位,但底水气藏之间构造及储层物性差异大,气水关系复杂,水侵方式难以预测,导致常规开发对策适应性差,严重影响底水气藏开发效果。为此,广泛调研国内外底水气藏开发实例,对比不同底水气藏的地质构造特征差异,分析水侵方式与开发效果,总结不同储渗类型的底水气藏在不同开发阶段适宜的开发对策。研究结果表明:①碳酸盐岩底水气藏常见裂缝发育,储层以裂缝-孔隙型与缝洞型为主,碎屑岩底水气藏常见局部微裂缝发育,储层以孔隙型居多。②不同储渗类型的底水气藏在水侵方式上具有较大的差异性,针对目标气藏应采取适合于该气藏特征的开发对策。③底水气藏在不同的开发阶段都有特定治水目标,早期阶段通过优化开发技术政策参数与优选完井方式延长无水采气期,中期阶段通过单井排水、堵水以及阻水等措施缓解局部气井出水,晚期阶段以恢复动用地质储量与水淹井复产为目标选择开发对策。该研究成果为底水气藏的开发提供借鉴与参考。

排水采油与气水协同复合挖潜在某井组应用

塔河碳酸盐岩是经过多期构造破裂和古风化壳岩溶共同作用的缝洞型油气藏,储集空间主要有溶洞、裂缝及孔隙三种类型,其特点是不规则形态和非均匀分布,储层非均质性极强,油水关系复杂。文章从排水采油原理出发结合H20井组地质背景、生产特征、连通情况入手对井组连通情况、见水特征进行分析,根据井组水侵规律认识,制定排水采油复合气水协同组合治理对策,实现井组复合挖潜,效益开发。

南海东部水驱气藏水侵特征及开发技术政策

番禺气田为南海东部典型的水驱气藏,随着采出程度的提高,气田产水量逐年增加,产气量呈下降趋势。为此,以气田实际生产动态为基础,通过凝析水含量计算、水样测试分析、水气比变化判别法等方法对气井产水类型进行判别,形成水驱气藏早期水侵综合识别方法。分析认为,气田目前已产地层水的单井有6口,另有3口单井存在产水早期预警,其余单井以产凝析水为主。通过水侵量及水侵速度计算,明确了气藏水侵强度及水侵速度。对典型出水井的地质资料及生产动态特征等进行综合分析,将番禺气田水侵特征曲线归纳为3种类型,其中缓慢上升型主要为气藏局部连通水体,台阶状上升型主要受储层非均质或者隔夹层影响,尖峰上升型主要受储层物性及水体大小影响。针对气藏水侵特征,结合海上气田开发特点及现场经验,番禺气田在开发策略上应该以控水和井口降压为主。