Nd:YAG water mist laser treatment for giant gestational gingival tumor: A case report

BACKGROUND This case of gestational gingival tumor is huge and extremely rare in clinical practice.As the growth location of this gingival tumor is in the upper anterior tooth area,it seriously affects the pregnant woman's speech and food,causing great pain to the patient.The use of Nd:YGA water mist laser to remove the gingival tumor resulted in minimal intraoperative bleeding,minimal adverse reactions,and good postoperative healing,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.CASE SUMMARY The patient,a pregnant woman,reported a large lump in her mouth on the first day of postpartum treatment.Based on medical history and clinical examination,the diagnosis was diagnosed as gestational gingival tumor.Postoperative pathological biopsy also confirmed this diagnosis.The use of Nd:YAG water mist laser to remove the tumor resulted in minimal intraoperative bleeding,clear surgical field of view,short surgical time,and good postoperative healing.CONCLUSION In comparison to traditional surgery,Nd:YAG water mist laser surgery is minimally invasive,minimizes cell damage,reduces bleeding,ensures a clear field of vision,and virtually eliminates postoperative edema,carbonization,and the risk of cross infection.It has unique advantages in oral soft tissue surgery for pregnant patients.Therefore,the clinical application of Nd:YAG water mist laser for the treatment of gestational gingival tumors is an ideal choice.

Water oxidation electrocatalysis with iron oxide nanoparticles prepared via laser ablation

Iron oxide nanoparticles（FeOx NPs, 5–30 nm size） prepared via laser ablation in liquid were supported onto Indium Tin Oxide conductive glass slides by magnetophoretic deposition（MD） technique. The resulting Fe O x@ITO electrodes are characterized by a low amount of iron coverage of 16–50 nmol/cm^2,and show electrocatalytic activity towards water oxidation in neutral phosphate buffer pH 7 with 0.58 V overpotential and quantitative Faradaic efficiency towards oxygen production. XPS analysis on the oxygen region of the FeOx films reveals a substantial hydration of the surface after catalysis, recognized as a crucial step to access reactivity.

Phase transition model of water flow irradiated by high-energy laser in a chamber

In the absorption chamber of a high-energy laser energy meter, water is directly used as an absorbing medium and the interaction of the high-power laser and the water flow can produce a variety of physical phenomena such as phase transitions. The unit difference method is adopted to deduce the phase transition model for water flow irradiated by a high-energy laser. In addition, the model is simulated and verified through experiments. Among them, the experimental verification uses the photographic method, shooting the distribution and the form of the air mass of water flow in different operating conditions, which are compared with the simulation results. The research shows that it is achievable to reduce the intensity of the phase transition by increasing the water flow, reducing the power intensity of the beam, shortening the distance the beam covers, reducing the initial water temperature or adopting a shorter wavelength laser. The study＇s results will provide the reference for the design of a water-direct-absorption-type high-energy laser energy meter as well as an analysis of the interaction processes of other similar high-power lasers and water flow.

Numerical Investigation of the Plasma Formation in Distilled Water by Nd-YAG Laser Pulses of Different Duration

Water breakdown studies by Nd-YAG laser pulses of duration 100 fs, 30 ps and 6 ns at wavelength 1064 nm are pre- formed to investigate the physical mechanisms which couple the laser energy into the medium. Calculations are carried out applying a modified kinetic model of water breakdown previously developed by Kennedy (1995) to investigate the correlation between threshold intensity of breakdown and laser pulse length. The modifications considered the introduction of diffusion and recombination loss processes which might take place under the experimental conditions applied in these calculations. The validity of the model is tested by comparing the calculated threshold intensities and the experimentally measured ones where good agreement is shown. The study of the time evolution of the electron density clarifies the correlation between the pulse length and dominant ionization mechanism. The analysis of the spatial distribution of the electron density along the radial and axial distances of the focal spot showed that the size of the formed plasma increases with the increase of the pulse length. On the other hand, studies of self-focusing effect illustrated that under the investigated experimental conditions the effect of this process has an effective contribution only at laser pulses of the order of femtosecond scale when the laser beam is focused by a lens of a focal length ≥8.0 cm. This result in turns assures that using femtosecond pulses in ophthalmic microsurgery could be a safe tool from the retinal damage.

柳江盆地髫髻山组凝灰岩地球化学与熔体包裹体水含量特征

水作为岩浆体系中最主要的挥发组分,对岩浆的形成和演化有重要的影响,柳江盆地髫髻山组岩浆岩是燕山期火山活动的重要产物,尽管前人对其地球化学特征进行了大量研究,但关于柳江盆地燕山期岩浆中的水含量仍不清楚。熔体包裹体记录了原始岩浆信息,是获取岩浆水含量特征的最直接样品。本文基于全岩地球化学分析,利用标准样品建立了显微激光拉曼光谱定量熔体包裹体水含量的标定曲线,并对柳江盆地髫髻山组下部流纹质岩屑-晶屑凝灰岩中石英斑晶内的原生熔体包裹体进行了水含量定量分析。结果表明:髫髻山组下部凝灰岩样品具有富Si、Al、大离子亲石元素富集、高场强元素亏损、轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损、负Eu异常、Sr含量低等特点;熔体包裹体中水含量的定量分析结果为0.99%~4.98%,平均水含量为2.62%,与前人统计的酸性岩浆水含量基本一致。地球化学特征和熔体包裹体水含量分析结果共同揭示了研究区髫髻山期早期为富水酸性岩浆。结合髫髻山期样品的熔体包裹体水含量测定结果及其早期的大规模火山喷发背景,本文认为岩浆中高含水量增强了岩浆系统的喷发动力,是诱发研究区髫髻山期早期大规模火山爆发的有利因素之一。

Liquid vortexes and flows induced by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid governing formation of circular and crisscross LIPSS

Orientations of laser induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)are usually considered to be governed by the laser polarization state.In this work,we unveil that fluid dynamics induced by femtosecond(fs)laser ablation in liquid(fs-LAL)can easily break this polarization restriction to produce irregular circular-LIPSS(CLIPPS)and crisscross-LIPSS(CCLIPSS).Fs laser ablation of silicon in water shows formation of diverse LIPSS depending on ablation conditions.At a high power of 700 mW(repetition rate of 100 kHz,pulse duration of 457 fs and wavelength of 1045 nm),single/twin CLIPSS are produced at the bottom of macropores of several microns in diameter due to the formation of strong liquid vortexes and occurrence of the vortex shedding effect.Theoretical simulations validate our speculation about the formation of liquid vortex with an ultrahigh static pressure,which can induce the microstructure trenches and cracks at the sidewalls for fs-LAL of Si and tungsten(W)in water,respectively.At a low power of 50 mW,weak liquid vortexes are produced,which only give birth to curved LIPSS in the valleys of grooves.Consequently,it is deduced that liquid vortex plays a crucial role in the formation of macropores.Mountain-like microstructures induce complex fluid dynamics which can cause the formation of CCLIPSS on them.It is believed that liquid vortexes and fluid dynamics presented in this work open up new possibilities to diversify the morphologies of LIPSS formed by fs-LAL.

The effects of heat treatment on microfluidic devices fabricated in silica glass by femtosecond lasers

We fabricated complex microfluidic devices in silica glass by water-assisted femtosecond laser ablation and sub- sequent heat treatment. The experimental results show that after heat treatment, the diameter of the microehannels is significantly reduced and the internal surface roughness is improved. The diameters of the fabricated microehannels can be modulated by changing the annealing temperature and the annealing time. During annealing, the temperature affects the diameter and shape of the protrusions in microfluidic devices very strongly, and these changes are mainly caused by uniform expansion and the action of surface tension.

Forward-headed structure change of acetic acid–water binary system by stimulated Raman scattering

The acetic acid-water binary system is a classical hydroxy-carboxy mixed system, while new and interesting phenomena appear under stimulated Raman scattering(SRS).Compared with the weaker signal of the acetic acid-water binary system obtained in spontaneous Raman scattering, SRS provides a finer band and a relatively distinct structural transition point.The structural transformation points are respectively at 30% and 80% by volume ratio under the condition of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy, while they are respectively at 15% and 25% under the condition of SRS.This phenomenon is attributed to the generation of laser induced plasma and shockwave induced dynamic high pressure environment during SRS.

A highly-sensitive automatic transient laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system with high temporal and spatial resolution

A highly-sensitive automatic transient laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） system is designed and integrated. It successfully avoids the delay time selecting problem in the conventional LIBS system, and realizes the LIBS data acquisition with high spatiotemporal resolution automatically. Multiple transient spectra can be obtained in each measurement, which will provide more information for spectral research. The water-vapour and liquid-water Raman scattering spectra are captured by this system, and the comparison of experimental water-vapour Raman scattering spectrum with theoretical data verifies the reliability of the LIBS system. Based on this system, the air laser induced air breakdown spectra are captured and analysed. The system is also useful for the research on water-vapour Raman Lidar remote sensing.

The Enhanced Measurements of Laser Micro-jet Processing

In the paper, the enhanced measurements of the laser micro-jet processing are discussed. In fact, within pure water breakdown threshold of laser, the less focal which focused with the appropriate focusing lens and the small nozzle of water chamber enhance the laser power density ,at the same time, the laser beam transport in the wave guided water with the proper total reflection angle. The laser power which depended on the properties of the diameter, the coupling water chamber and the coupling efficiency of the micro-jet and laser beam expect of the properties of laser.

空化现象对水导激光微水束稳定性的影响研究

为了探寻空化现象对水导激光微水束稳定性影响,利用计算流体动力学的方法,分别在不考虑空化和考虑空化的情况下,对从典型喷嘴出射的水射流进行了数值模拟分析,研究了空化现象的产生机理及对微水束稳定性的影响。结果表明,在入口直径为0.1 mm、圆柱段长径比为1、上边缘锐利的喷嘴结构下,随着入口压力从0.2 MPa增大到16 MPa,水射流与喷嘴壁面分离后再次附着的长度逐渐增大,并且空化会导致该长度延长;在入口压力小于6 MPa的情况下,不考虑空化的水射流在稳定后会贴着喷嘴壁面流下,而添加空化模型使得水束形成翻转流。该研究对设计满足水导激光工艺的喷嘴结构有着重要的参考价值。

采空区积水对邻近巷道围岩稳定性分析研究

以山西某煤矿采空区为背景,针对采空区积水对邻近巷道围岩稳定性的影响,采用现场测试、室内试验、数值模拟等方法进行了研究分析。首先基于三维激光扫描和声呐建立了含水采空区的三维几何模型;然后对不同损伤程度下煤岩开展渗透率试验,获得了渗透率的变化规律;最后在充分考虑渗透率的动态变化基础上,采用数值软件对邻近巷道围岩的稳定性进行了模拟分析。结果表明:孔隙水压力已经影响到邻近巷道围岩和上覆岩体;采空区赋水后,围岩极易出现渗水和透水情况;受开采扰动和积水渗透的双重影响,采空区与巷道的煤柱出现大范围塑性区,其稳定性较差。为了保证井下生产安全,建议增加井下临时性排水设施,及时将积水排出,避免透水事故的发生。

Laser Produced Plasma X-Ray Sources for Nanoscale Resolution Contact Microscopy: A Candidate in Cancerous Stem Cells Imaging

Plasma X-ray sources for biological microscopy have been produced by focusing single shots from Nd:glass laser onto carbon rod targets at irradiances between 1 × 1013 W⋅cm−2 and 3 × 1013 W⋅cm−2 to expose test objects. The optimum parameters needed for obtaining high accurate information on the samples under test namely: the minimum energies and irradiances at a range of angles between the incoming laser beam and the normal to the resist, the depth of exposure of the photoresist as a function of incident laser energy (and irradiance) were concluded in this work.

贫数据小型水利工程结构安全分析

我国小型水库数量多,溃坝多发,运行风险大。为了保障水库的安全稳定运行,有必要对小型水库的结构安全分析和评估进行深入研究。由于小型水库大多建于20世纪50—70年代,各类工程资料匮乏,难以进行结构安全分析工作。以北京地区一小型拱坝为例,采用地面三维激光扫描测绘技术对大坝进行扫描,将所得点云数据集进行编辑、配准、拼接处理,生成三维模型导入有限元分析计算软件进行结构稳定分析。坝体建模网格及单元划分质量高,满足计算精度的要求,分析计算成果与客观规律一致,这为资料匮乏的小型水利工程结构安全分析提供了一种新思路。

基于三维激光扫描技术的竣工盾构隧道渗漏水检测

渗漏水是隧道常见的病害,长期渗漏会导致隧道结构开裂、裂缝、钢筋腐蚀,威胁到隧道运营安全,因此对其检测一直受到重视。本文利用三维激光扫描技术实现了竣工盾构隧道渗漏水的位置及面积的自动检测。首先采用架站式三维激光扫描仪采集竣工隧道点云,基于修正后的反射强度值生成隧道衬砌表面灰度图,再采用膨胀法与腐蚀法对灰度图像进行预处理;然后利用连通域算法计算渗漏水位置及其面积;最后结合实际工程验证本文方法的实用性及准确性。结果表明,应用本文方法竣工隧道的渗漏水检测准确率达92%。

融合GLAS与Landsat的湖泊蓄水量季节性监测及预测

为实现高海拔区域湖泊蓄水量监测与预测,提出了一种融合ICESat/GLAS与Landsat数据监测并预测湖泊蓄水量季节性变化的方法。利用随机森林对GLAS激光脚点自动分类,解决湖面非水体与水体目标分类难的问题;结合水体指数和大津法自动分割Landsat数据中的水体,降低不规则边界的影响;联合GLAS和Landsat数据,构建高时间分辨率的水位、面积与蓄水量时序列变化关系,解决两类数据观测信息缺失及观测时间不匹配的问题;并利用LSTM模型,预测蓄水量变化。以西藏纳木错湖为例,对上述方法进行验证,结果显示2003-2009年纳木错湖水位上升1.15 m,面积增加25.58 km2,蓄水量增加2.30 km^(3);预测2010-2016年蓄水量增加1.16 km^(3),与实际情况相符。结果表明,该方法可为生态环境的动态监测提供数据支撑。

完整极硬岩TBM施工辅助破岩方法研究现状及展望

针对完整极硬岩,隧道掘进机(TBM)施工存在掘进效率低、滚刀磨损快、TBM部件受损以及岩爆等问题,降低了TBM隧道施工的安全性和高效性。对近几十年来国内外的完整硬岩隧道TBM施工情况及遇到的问题进行了统计分析;梳理介绍了一系列辅助破岩方法,包括水射流法、微波法、激光法、等离子体法和干冰粉气动破岩法,并对各种方法的优势和不足进行了论述。当前的辅助破岩方法尚不能完全满足TBM施工配合要求,未来需进行进一步的深入研究。