Analysis and experimental study on resistance-increasing behavior of composite high efficiency autonomous inflow control device

Bottom water coning is the main reason to reduce the recovery of horizontal bottom water reservoir. By water coning, we mean the oil-water interface changes from a horizontal state to a mound-shaped cone and breaks through to the wellbore. Autonomous inflow control device(AICD) is an important instrument maintain normal production after bottom water coning, however, the resistance increasing ability of the swirl type AICD is insufficient at present, which seriously affects the water control effect. Aiming this problem, this paper designs a multi-stage resistance-increasing and composite type AICD. The separation mechanism of oil-water two phases in this structure, the resistance form of oil-water single phase and the resistance-increasing principle of water phase are analyzed. Establishing the dual-phase multi-stage separation and resistance-increasing model, and verified by measuring the throttling pressure drop and oil-water volume fraction of the AICD, it is found that the composite type AICD has the effect of ICD and AICD at the same time, which can balance the production rate of each well section at the initial stage of production, delay the occurrence of bottom water coning. In the middle and later stages of production, water-blocking can be effectively increased to achieve water control and stable production.After structural sensitivity analysis, the influence law of various structural parameters on the water control performance of composite AICD was obtained. The simulation calculation results show that,compared with the existing swirl type AICD, composite AICD has higher sensitivity to moisture content,the water phase throttling pressure drop is increased by 4.5 times on average. The composite AICD is suitable for the entire stage of horizontal well production.

Experimental Study on the Resistance and Splash Performances of Water Collecting Devices for Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers

In recent years,water collecting systems,with the associated advantages of energy saving and noise reduction,have become the foundation for the development of a scheme to optimize the structure of cooling towers.To explore the feasibility of this approach for mechanical draft cooling towers,a small-scale experimental device has been built to study the resistance and splash performances of three U-type water collecting devices(WCDs)for different water flow rates and wind speeds.The experimental results show that within the considered ranges of wind speed and water flow rate,the pressure drop of the different WCDs can vary significantly.The resistance and local splash performances can also be remarkably different.Some recommendations about the most suitable system are provided.Moreover,a regression analysis of the experimental data is conducted,and the resulting fitting formulas for resistance and splash performance of WCD are reported.

Orthogonal analysis of water model study on the optimization of flow control devices in a six-strand tundish

Improper flow control devices in a multi-strand tundish can cause some problems, for example, liquid steel cannot reach every nozzle at the same time and the liquid steel in nozzles far away from the entry zone has a lower temperature. The water model experiment of a six-strand tundish of Tianjin Iron ＆ Steel Co. Ltd. was performed, a new ＂U＂ type baffle was obtained, and its parameters were defined by perpendicular analysis. The ＂U＂ baffle can not only improve those imperfections, but also prolong the residence time of nonmetallic inclusions, which is good for their flotation and separation.

Design and Application of Water, Fertilizer and Pesticide Integrated Automatic Control Device

Integration of water, fertilizer and pesticide is the final stage of agricultural development, which improves the utilization efficiency of water, fertilizer and pesticide. Starting from the design and realization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated automatic control device, the paper discusses selection and application of fertilizer pesticides, use procedure, water, fertilizer and pesticide saving effect and receptive crowd in the application process of modern planting industry, so as to provide the basis for promotion and popularization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integration.

Coal-derived humic acid for application in acid mine drainage(AMD)water treatment and electrochemical devices

In this research work,isolation of humic acid from coal of Northeastern region of India is reported.The study is also targeted for application of the coal-derived humic acid in acid mine drainage(AMD)water treatment and electrochemical devices.All the obtained results are compared with the standard humic acid and examined the formation of humic acid from the coal.The isolated coal-derived humic acid is found to be high degree of humifications and relatively stable up to about 200℃.The FTIR study indicates the formation of metal-humic acid complexes.On treatment with acidic water(AMD),the coal-derived humic acid was found to have the ability to remove toxic metal such as(in order)Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd.In addition,the preliminary electrochemical properties of the isolated humic acid are also discussed in the paper.The specific capacitance of the isolated coal-derived humic acid via cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge analysis is found to be 7 mF/g at scan rate 10 mV/s and 22 mF/g within the potential window 0.4 V,respectively.The charge-discharge cycles are stable for more than 1000 cycles within the potential window 0.4 V.This study will create a new pathway for the further research in this field.

Water Usage Patterns and Water Saving Devices in Households: A Case of Eastleigh, Nairobi

Water conservation measures are rapidly becoming a necessity in urban environments all over Africa and the world. There is little innovation and available information for homeowners, building professionals and practitioners to guide towards water conservation. Water scarcity has progressively increased over periods of time in Eastleigh due to increased population density from increased high-rise apartments. The study tries to establish how water usage patterns and water conservation devices can potentially reduce water consumption levels. In the study area, 96% of the families are faced with problems related to water supply and hence are forced to come up with water conservation and adaptation strategies due to the scarcity of water. The study used survey and descriptive research design, and collected data on water usage patterns and water conservation devices from a total of 230 households in Biafra and Sewage estates in the Eastleigh neighbourhood. The results indicated that 76% of the households did not have water saving devices while the other 24% had water saving devices such as the dual flush toilets, low flow high-efficiency faucet aerators, low flow plumbing fixtures and automatic shut-off nozzles. A unit increase in water saving devices will lead to a 0.512 decrease in water consumption level. The study recommends that low-income households use water saving devices and develop water management strategies such as water-saving plumbing fixtures, rainwater harvesting, and grey water reuse.

Light energy conversion device for photocatalyst 2.0%WO_3-TiO_2 with oxygen vacancies for water splitting

Using carbon felt, polytetrafluoroethylene latex and powder catalyst to assembly a light energy conversion device, the photocatalytic activity of catalyst 2.0%WO3-TiO2 （2%WO3 compounding TiO2） with oxygen vacancies was studied through the water splitting for O2 evolution, using a high pressure mercury lamp as the light source and Fe^3＋ as the electron acceptor in two different devices： an ordinary photolysis device with catalyst powder suspending through a magnetic stirrer and a self-assembly light energy conversion device. The results show that after 12 h irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of 2.0%WO3-TiO2 with oxygen vacancies in the self-assembly light energy conversion device is higher than that of the ordinary photolysis device, and the amount of oxygen evolution is about 12 and 9 mmol/L respectively in these two devices. After 12 h, the rates of 02 evolution are slow in each device and the photocatalyst almost loses the photoactivity in the ordinary photolysis device. So, compared with the ordinary photocatalytic device, the rate of oxygen evolution and the life time of the catalyst are improved in the self-assembly light energy conversion device.

Kangquan-Brand Water Mineralization & Purification Device for Faucets

The highly efficient KQ series Kangquan brand water mineralization and purification devices for faucets, produced by the Tianjin Kangquan Purification Equipment Factory, enables people to obtain pure mineralized water from their taps. The products combine the strong points

Improvement of tundish shape and optimization of flow control devices for sequence casting heavy steel ingots

The metallurgical effect of a round tundish used to cast heavy steel ingots in machine works at present was evaluated through water modeling experiments. The flow control devices of the improved oval tundish, which was used instead of the round tundish, had been optimized. The results show that the residence time of the round tundish is short, its inclusion removal efficiency is too low, and it has more dead zones and an unreasonable flow field. Compared with the round tundish, the improved oval tundish with the optimized weir and dam has a better effect： its minimum residence time is prolonged by 38.1 s, the average residence time is prolonged by 233.4 s, its dead volume fraction decreases from 26% to 15%, and the ratio of plug volume fraction to dead volume fraction increases from 0.54 to 1.27. The inclusion removal efficiency also increases by 17.5%.

Umbrella Labyrinth Sedimentation Device Study

Umbrella-type mud-water diversion labyrinth sedimentation device,which is characterized by the combination of two swash plate and wing plate into an umbrella type with a set angle,the angle range of the two swash plate is 15º--100º,the vertical height of the swash plate is 60-70 mm,the parallel axis of the wing plate is the vertical direction,the height is 10-20 mm.the whole adopts the modular combination mode,and can be freely combined and disassembled according to different pond design,swash plate The interval(sedimentation distance)can be freely adjusted,mud take the mud road and water take the water road,to avoid the mutual interference of the water and mud road,to achieve the stability of the water quality.The turbidity of the sedimentation pond is low,stable in 0.3-2.0 NTU.

反渗水处理系统常见故障维修3例

简述了反渗水处理系统的基本结构与原理,介绍了反渗水处理系统使用过程中出现的3例常见故障,分析了故障产生的原因,提出了具体的解决方法,为医学工程人员维修同类设备故障提供了参考。

考虑精确磁通的电磁加载装置等效磁路建模

为提高电磁加载装置在控制应用时的模型预测快速性与精确性,考虑电磁加载装置硅钢片表面涡流磁场生成因素与不同轴偏心下有效气隙长度,采用非线性方程拟合硅钢片磁化曲线,建立包含磁极边缘效应、磁极铁心、转子硅钢片动态磁阻与涡流磁场的电磁加载装置非线性等效磁路模型。研究了硅钢片表面涡流磁场生成因素与气隙磁场分布,并与有限元仿真结果比较分析。应用该模型在水润滑轴承试验台上进行电磁加载力测试试验。研究结果表明:等效磁路法对磁场分布的表征与有限元法一致,且对气隙的计算更为精确;电磁加载力稳态误差小于4%,响应时间低于0.55 s。

大定源回线装置瞬变电磁法在煤矿采空区探测中的应用

该文通过研究大定源回线装置瞬变电磁法在煤矿采空区探测中的应用,旨在提高煤矿采空区探测的效率和准确性。深入探讨大定源回线装置瞬变电磁法的原理和工作机制。在此基础上,设计并实施适用于煤矿采空区的探测方案,并通过试验进行验证。结果表明,大定源回线装置瞬变电磁法在煤矿采空区探测中取得显著的效果。大定源回线装置瞬变电磁法具有高效、准确、可靠的特点,能够快速识别采空区位置,为后续生产建设提供保障,同时也为其他煤矿采空区勘察提供参考。

煤层采动底板突水物理模拟试验研究进展与展望

【目的】底板突水受特定地质构造、水-岩-应力及采掘扰动等因素叠加作用影响,具有复杂性、隐蔽性、突发性等特点。【方法】物理模拟试验能较好地还原底板岩层与承压水赋存环境、直观展现采动底板裂隙扩展及突水路径演化全过程、实时获取灾变各阶段多源数据信息,因而在底板突水研究方面具有独特优势。【结果和结论】对底板突水经典理论、标准规范、模拟试验及工程实践等方面的研究成果进行了回顾,重点梳理了试验加载装置及水压模拟方式、相似材料研制及其特性指标、监测技术及其观测系统设计3个方面的研究进展,其中在模拟水-岩-应力耦合环境下的三维模型底板突水全过程信息捕捉方面有较大突破。面对数智化研究大背景,分析当前底板突水物理模拟试验领域存在的不足,并据此指出未来应重点关注大型三维底板突水综合试验平台研制、基于标准化的多特性相似材料配比数据库建立、多相多场多维耦合监测预警系统构建、人工智能等数智化技术融合应用研究等发展方向。提出的思考有助于从装置、材料、技术等方面提升未来物理模拟试验水平,从而更好支撑煤矿底板水害数智化防治基础研究工作高质量发展。

水电站进水口闸门未正常闭门分析及处理

针对水电站进水口事故闸门动水落门时未在要求时间内正常闭门的问题,通过对比分析不同工况下落门过程曲线,结合现场观察,推断是在电站出现故障引起闸门动水落门过程中,由于闸门、油缸启闭机振动相对较大,液压启闭机有杆腔高压球阀自由转动而关闭所导致。为此加设了液压启闭机有杆腔高压球阀锁定装置,确保球阀不会自由转动;并建议高压球阀应选择全开位置带有锁定装置的型号;优化油管的空间结构和管道支撑结构布置,减小管道振动;对大尺寸的混流式水轮发电机组应进行过渡过程工况的动水落门试验。

烟苗移栽机用浇水装置的设计与试验

针对现有烟苗移栽机用浇水装置水资源利用率不高、浇水时会对幼苗和土壤造成强烈冲击以及不能够与移栽作业保持同步运行等问题,提出了一种新的烟苗移栽机用浇水装置。通过建立该装置的三维模型并对其中的倒水组件进行了理论研究和ADAMS仿真,得到了其运动特性及运动曲线图。首先,以时间作为试验指标,通过浇水组件对不同体积的水进行浇灌试验,测量所需的倒水时间和总时间,并对其进行一元线性回归拟合得到拟合方程;其次,采用相同体积的水,利用不同出水口口径的导流器进行浇灌试验并进行单因素方差分析。结果表明:导流器出水口口径的大小是影响浇水时间的重要因素,口径越大,导流速度越快,浇水所需时间越短。将装置设置于移栽机上,可与移栽作业保持同步。研究为移栽机用浇水装置提供了一种新的设计思路和理论依据。

电气控制技术在节水灌溉装置中的应用研究

以节水灌溉装置自动控制为研究对象,基于电气控制技术对灌溉装置控制系统硬件电路进行了设计,并对节水灌溉装置系统自动控制流程软件进行设计。工作时,传感器对种植区域内的温度和湿度参数进行采集,控制系统根据参数信息进行灌溉操作,可有效提高种植过程中的水资源利用率。所设计的控制系统能够将种植区域内的环境参数信息进行实时显示,便于系统应用人员进行操作控制。

水流速装置比对传递标准的评价方法研究

水流速装置是各式流速仪的检定校准装置,为考察各实验室装置量值复现的准确性,可实施装置间的计量比对。拟选用两台测速原理不同的流速仪作传递标准,针对仪器的测量重复性、长期稳定性和安装条件等在传递过程中会对比对结果产生影响的因素开展实验,并完成测量结果不确定度评定。在规定的考察时间和流速范围内,两台新流速仪做相同流速点测试实验。LS1206B转子式流速仪在测试中测量重复性保持在0.1%以下,稳定性在0.5%范围内,较之于Vector性能表现更好;LS1206B的水力螺距测量不确定度在高流速下更小,其不确定度主要来源有标准装置引入的流速不确定度、测量重复性引入的不确定度和仪器安装偏角引入的不确定度;若实际安装时偏角较大,会严重影响测量结果进而影响比对结果。另一台Vector声学多普勒流速仪在良好的信噪比环境下,重复性和稳定性都在1%以内,其不确定度来源有装置引入的流速不确定度和测量重复性引入的不确定度。

井下油水分离装置现状与展望

油田进入开发中后期,采出液含水率急剧上升,如何降低含水率并提高采收率是开发后期需要解决的首要问题。井下油水分离技术利用水力旋流技术、重力分离技术或其他油水分离工艺实现在井下对采出液进行预分离,从而采出较低含水率的油水混合液,此项技术对于高含水油田具有很大应用前景。通过对井下油水分离装置的研究现状进行简要分析与总结,并指出目前井下油水分离装置存在的问题与挑战,同时做出展望,为其发展提供一定的参考。

精馏装置塔顶冷凝器冷却水的优化——以化工生产技术国赛装置为例

许多人操作国赛精馏装置时并没有认真分析不同阶段冷却水的用量,要么放弃冷却水的评分直接全程最大流量,要么就是大范围调节冷却水流量,导致冷凝器没有正常运行。通过实际操作国赛规定精馏装置,动态分析不同阶段冷却水的流量和确定塔顶冷凝器冷却水的最佳出口温度,从而降低冷却水的用量,使得装置评分更高,操作更简单。