Practical Significance of Basin Water Market Construction on Agricultural Production

On the basis of introducing the concept of water market and the water market research in cluding both domestic market and foreign market,the system design features of water market are analyzed.The features include the prior distribution of agricultural water right,the close construction of market structure,reasonable price of water obtaining right and water pollution-discharge right and scientific stipulation of total volume of water use and total volume of pollution drainage.The practical significances of basin water market construction on Chinese agricultural production are revealed,which clover safeguarding the safety of agricultural water;effectively alleviating agricultural drought;saving the agricultural production water and improving the quality of agricultural products.

Theory of an Optimal Dynamical Water Resource Management Policy

Water markets even though not perfect and require a lot of effort to establish are considered as a robust tool to address water management issues around the world. However, the existing literature does not provide an optimal water resource management policy. To create a perfect water market, the government needs to identify the potential number of suppliers/producers and consumers of water against various extraction/supply/production rates of water, i.e., to identify a supply and a demand curve for number of suppliers/producers of water against each production rate in economy. This article presents a theory which is practically applicable for an optimal dynamical water resource management policy (JEL H20, H23, H27).

Urban Water Supply Industry Marketization of China in View of Public Water Service and Water Resource Management

Started with the discussions on the value orientation of urban water supply industry marketization,the article points out that the current urban water supply industry marketization reform is inconsistent with the goal of public water service equalization to some extent.The article also analyzes the problems emerged in urban water supply industry marketization reform and various rea-sons in view of efficiency and fairness.An efficiency and fairness oriented management model is built in this article to illustrate how the government should conciliate interests of various communities involved in the process of marketization reform of the urban water supply industry so as to actualize the coordination of efficiency and fairness.At the end,an assumption on urban water price is put forward to help achieve the public water service equalization.

Quality of Well Water Used for Market Gardening from Lendeng Area Located in Common of Rufisque (Senegal)

This study analysis was conducted to know the quality of well water around the market gardening area of Lendeng located in the common of Rufisque Est (Senegal). In this study, six groundwater samples were taken near the Lendeng market gardening area. The physicochemical parameters of water such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), iron (Fe2+), chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO3-4) and phosphate (PO3-4) were measured. The analysis results obtained show sulphate and phosphate have the highest levels. These results were compared to drinking water standards from the World Health Organization (WHO). The correlation coefficient ANOVA was applied to the test result of the samples. The statistical study showed that the well water in the market gardening area of Lendeng is not polluted.

典型水利产业投资基金情况调研与思考

近年来,一些省份积极探索设立水利产业投资基金,推进水利基础设施建设,取得了一定成效。通过对贵州、湖南、江西和河南等地的典型调研发现,目前水利领域产业投资基金面临管理趋于严格、实际应用不充分、基金吸引力不强等挑战。为推动水利领域用好产业投资基金,建议加强宣传培训提高认识,结合当地实际分类推动,加大政策支持优化设计,推进市场化改革提高收益。

我国水务行业市场分析及发展展望

本文对2022年水务行业市场现状进行分析,从项目数量、项目投资金额、项目投资模式、地区分布等角度梳理水务项目中标情况,并对水务行业未来发展进行展望。

农业水权交易发展影响因素分析——基于宏观、中观、微观视角

我国现阶段农业水权交易分散且规模较小,农业水权交易市场活跃度不高。随着水资源供需矛盾的日益紧张,需要激发市场在水资源配置中的决定性作用,进一步为农业水权创造更大的交易空间。农业水权涉及多层级管理制度,却少有从全局到细节不同维度分析农业水权交易发展影响因素的研究,无法具有系统性地推动农业水权交易发展。为此,本文将影响农业水权交易发展的关键因素划分为宏观社会经济、中观市场主体及相互关系和微观交易要素三个维度,定性分析不同维度各因素指标的实质属性以及对农业水权交易发展的影响效果,找准农业水权交易发展的宏观支撑,明确农业水权交易市场的发展思路,进而聚焦到微观交易要素在水权交易过程中的作用,从三个维度分别提出加大农业水权交易政策和多途径推进农村水系连通的建设力度、明确政企角色定位、鼓励农业水权交易与土地实现同步流转等活跃农业水权交易市场的建议,以期为完善农业水权交易市场提供建设基础和思路。

水利投融资改革践行“两手发力”实践与成效

“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路推动了我国水利事业蓬勃发展。党的十八大以来,水利领域硕果累累,国家水网主骨架和大动脉加快形成、农村饮水安全问题实现历史性解决、江河湖泊面貌发生根本性改善,都离不开政府作用和市场机制“两只手”的协同努力。文章聚焦于水利投融资改革中“两手发力”的实践与成果,总结政府作用和市场作用有机统一、相互补充、相互协调、相互促进的经验作法,就进一步落实“两手发力”提出相关建议。

Energy-Efficient Operation of Water Systems through Optimization of Load Power Reduction in Electricity Markets

Demand response(DR) is gaining more and more importance in the architecture of power systems in a context of flexible loads and high share of intermittent generation. Changes in electricity markets regulation in several countries have recently enabled an effective integration of DR mechanisms in power systems. Through its flexible components(pumps, tanks), drinking water systems are suitable candidates for energy-efficient DR mechanisms. However, these systems are often managed independently of power system operation for both economic and operational reasons. Indeed, a sufficient level of economic viability and water demands risk management are necessary for water utilities to integrate their flexibilities to power system operation. In this paper,we proposed a mathematical model for optimizing pump schedules in water systems while trading DR blocs in a spot power market during peak times. Uncertainties about water demands were considered in the mathematical model allowing to propose power reductions covering the potential risk of real-time water demand forecasting inaccuracy.Numerical results were discussed on a real water system in France, demonstrating both economic and ecological benefits.

深入贯彻“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路,加快推进用水权改革

2014年3月14日,习近平总书记就保障国家水安全发表重要讲话,提出了“节水优先,空间均衡,系统治理,两手发力”新时期治水思路。用水权改革是贯彻习近平总书记治水思路、形成政府市场“两手发力”的重要举措,是新阶段水利高质量发展的重要路径。文章归纳总结了用水权改革的主要进展和成效、存在的困难和问题,并提出了进一步推进用水权改革的政策建议。

论利用信息优势型操纵证券市场的法律适用

利用信息优势型操纵证券市场是一种新型的操纵行为,属于信息型操纵的一个子类型。利用信息优势型操纵与利用信息优势连续交易型操纵的区别关键在于,前者影响证券价格的主要原因是公开信息而后者是证券交易。在无法准确判断影响证券价格的主要原因时,应选择证券市场接受度较高的操纵行为来定性。由于“浑水式”做空交易的主体一般是通过自身调研获得了影响证券价格的信息,因此不存在滥用优势地位或者违反信义义务的问题。如果其公开披露的研究报告并无虚假或者误导之处,并且同时也披露了交易计划,那么“浑水式”做空交易并不构成利用信息优势型操纵证券市场行为。行为人分拆信息予以披露或者披露的信息并无坚实基础,则该信息披露具有误导性,构成利用信息优势型操纵证券市场。但是,如果行为人提前披露真实的信息,同时也披露了交易计划,由于投资者不会受到误导,因此该行为不符合操纵证券市场的本质。

The Mixed Mechanism in the Management of Water Resources in China

It is a challenge for China to address its serious water resource problems, and inefficient water use. Improving water use efficiency is the key solution to dealing with this issue. There are two basic mechanisms practiced in the world aiming to pursue water conservation, i.e. administrative and market-based management pattern. Water as an irreplaceable resource with many attributes, either public or market-based management mechanism has its disadvantages. In order to avoid the inherent "administrative failure" or "market failure", this paper emphasizes the importance of changing traditional water resource management mechanism to establish a mixed mechanism of public and market water management based on China’s conditions and experiences from developed countries. Three key aspects of this combined mechanism are identified in this paper, i.e. recognizing and managing water rights to promote efficiency, strengthening effectiveness of government management to lower transaction cost and encouraging water user participation to increase flexibility. Detailed information on implementing of this combined mechanism in China is given in the end.

宁波市水利投融资改革现状分析与建议

宁波市近年深化水利投融资改革,投资规模持续增长,市场化程度走在全国前列。宁波市以强化市场主体和创新投融资模式为抓手,做强各级水利国有企业,探索和运用资源补偿、综合开发以及盘活存量资产等各类投融资方式,但同时,也存在水利项目难以完全市场化、国有企业运营面临挑战、民营资本参与情况不理想、创新模式推进困难等问题。提出坚持“两手发力”,从政府角度充分发挥规划引领、政策协同和财政保障作用,从市场角度加大金融支持力度,推动企业可持续发展,探索投融资模式创新。

农村用水户协会解决农田水利运行困境的成效及其限度

通过水市场实现水资源有偿转让的商品化水权制度在分田到户之后逐步建立起来。由于村民小组组长管水不力,“水费”与“水资源优化配置”之间产生鸿沟。水库为避免经济损失而不轻易放水,使“付费”与“用水”之间存在时间差。水价测算不合理性和水利的政治伦理属性,导致用水户对商品化水权的抵制行为,水利运行因此陷入困境。用水户协会的目的,在于救济陷入社会阻力的商品化水权制度。商品化水权所依从的市场机制,限定了用水户协会的救济边界,甚至使作为救济者的用水户协会本身也成为需要救济的对象。当市场机制围困了承载自治力量与行政资源的用水户协会,市场机制同时也为逃离商品化水权等反市场机制的社会行为解除了治理力量,最终使市场机制围困和限缩了其自身。

“iwater”环保节水贴市场推广调查分析

"iwater"环保节水贴的市场推广和应用符合环境保护的需要,有利于创建节约型社会。文章首先运用SWOT分析法,分析了"iwater"环保节水贴的内外部环境;其次,从生产和消费两个方面指出环保节水贴在市场推广中可能遇到的问题;再次,设计调查方案,以瓶装水生产企业和消费者为调查对象,从消费者接受度影响因素和生产成本两方面对调研数据进行分析,结果显示只要成本或价格合适,多数生产企业和消费者愿意接受带"iwater"环保节水贴的瓶装水;最后,提出了"iwater"环保节水贴市场推广的建议。

有效市场与有为政府有机结合推动新时代水利高质量发展

以习近平总书记关于治水的重要论述为指导,阐释水治理中处理好政府与市场两者关系的原则和方法;从水资源、水利项目、水利投资三个方面,对水利领域要素市场化配置的趋势作出研判,分析水治理中政府与市场两者之间不协调的问题;围绕构建动态双向的供需平衡机制、分类分档的水价形成机制、公平有序的市场竞争机制、公开透明的风险防控机制等四大机制,提出推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合的思路和对策,为深化水利改革、推动水利高质量发展提供参考。

灌溉水盐分组成对番茄生长及土壤盐碱的影响

[目的]为探究适宜于干旱、半干旱区番茄大田栽培的灌溉水盐度和盐分组成。[方法]在宁夏银北灌区开展3年番茄膜下滴灌野外田间试验,设置3种不同盐分浓度(1,2,3 g/L)和5个Na∶Ca摩尔浓度比(1,3,5,7,9)的灌溉水源。[结果]在较低的灌溉水盐度(1 g/L)下,适当增加灌溉水Na∶Ca摩尔比有利于番茄植株的干物质和氮磷钾素积累;番茄单果重、商品果产量和总产量随灌溉水Na∶Ca摩尔比增加而线性下降,且灌溉水Na∶Ca摩尔比每增加1,番茄商品果产量下降5761.7~6036.7 kg/hm^(2);“高盐度(2,3 g/L)、低Na∶Ca摩尔比(1,3)”的灌溉水较“低盐度、高Na∶Ca摩尔比”的灌溉水,更有利于番茄增产;膜内表层40 cm土壤钠吸附比和表层100 cm土壤积盐量随灌溉水Na∶Ca摩尔比的增加线性增加。[结论]为在宁夏银北灌区大田栽培番茄生育期内减少积盐并获得相对高产,推荐土壤基质势控制下限-20 kPa下膜下滴灌的适宜灌溉水盐度为2 g/L且Na∶Ca摩尔浓度比为5。

提升集中供热系统运行稳定性方式探索

结合供热生产实践中电厂温度波动、热网失水治理、室温如何用于提升供热质量等问题进行了讨论,给出了储热及热电协同、全方位统计、实时视频监测站内失水、室温数据Pearson相关性系数等方面的分析与建议,以期为提升供热生产运行稳定性提供一些经验借鉴和优化思路。

电解水制氢参与调频辅助服务的经济效益分析

作为氢能、电力及可再生能源之间的纽带,电解水制氢技术具有较强的灵活性。电解槽在生产氢气的同时可为电力系统提供调频辅助服务。为了分析电解水制氢参与调频辅助服务对制氢成本的影响,构建电解水制氢参与电力现货市场及调频辅助服务市场的运行策略模型,并结合生命周期视角分析电解水制氢参与调频辅助服务的经济效益。以美国宾夕法尼亚新泽西马里兰(Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland,PJM)电力市场的历史数据为例进行模拟。结果显示,参与调频辅助服务可以使电解水制氢的平准化成本下降27%。

我国水权交易监管机制现实困境的疏解路径

近年来我国水权交易蓬勃发展,水权交易市场方兴未艾。水权交易的健康发展离不开有效的监管和强有力的制度保障,而目前我国水权交易的监管机制存在着监管规范体系不健全、监管模式不完善、监管主体角色不明晰、交易全过程监管不到位等问题。针对以上问题,宏观层面应当构建系统的水权交易监管规范体系,创新行政监管模式;具体层面应明确行政机关的角色定位,健全水权交易的全过程监管。