Research of Water Quality Analysis,Treatment and Reuse Technology for Rainwater on the North University Campus

The pollution situation of different underlying surface and the change rule of each water quality index were researched,on the basis of rainwater quality monitoring by different approaches in a university campus. The results showed that due to some factors,such as the underlying surface material pollution,road materials,road surface pollution condition and surrounding atmospheric environment quality,the pollution of different underlying surface rainwater would be different. Main pollutants of rainwater runoff in the city campus area were such as COD,SS,NH;-N,TP,etc. Ultimately,along with the increase of accumulated rainfall,the pollutants tended to gradually decrease. The road rain pollution was more serious than roof runoff pollution and the early rain pollution was serious,but the late rain water quality was much better. According to the rainwater conditions,subsequent rainwater recycling technology and processing technology were determined as a way to alleviate the problem of water shortage and water pollution.

Groundwater Quality Analysis and Vulnerability Assessment in Longdong Area

Groundwater is important drinking water source in Longdong area. In recent years,as gradual expanding of industrial and agricultural production scales,seen from change trend of water quality,major impact factors of groundwater in the zone were ammonia nitrogen,COD,sulfate and total dissolved solid. By using specific thought of parameter system method,vulnerability assessment factor system of groundwater and meter point system calculation model in the zone were established. Via calculation and analysis,vulnerability distribution of groundwater in the zone was obtained. According to vulnerability index（ higher,moderate and lower）,zone dividing was conducted,and the areas were respectively 623. 25,4 005. 00 and 6 621. 75 km2,which respectively accounted for 5.54%,35. 60% and 58. 86%. The evaluation provided research basis for prevention,control and protection of groundwater environment in Longdong area.

A water quality analysis system to evaluate the impact of agricultural activities on N outflow in river basins in Japan

We have developed a personal-computer-based water quality analysis system for river basins. The system estimates potential N outflow by model and calculates actual N outflow from monitoring data. For the former it uses the potential load factor method to estimate annual nitrogen load from various sources and runoff potential from each area of land in a basin. For the latter it analyzes water quality monitoring data in relation to meteorological data. We used the system to analyze N outflow in basins around Lake Kasumigaura and the Yahagi River in central Honshu, Japan. The land around Lake Kasumigaura is rather flat, and about 25% is periodically flooded for rice and lotus cultivation. The land around the Yahagi River is mountainous, and much less land is flooded. In the Yahagi River basin the actual N outflow agreed closely with the potential. However, the actual N outflow in the basin around Lake Kasumigaura was much less than the potential, suggesting that a large part of the N load is denitrified in flooded soils. This further indicates that a sequence of different land uses including flooded rice fields is an important factor determining N outflow in basins in Japan. On the basis of the above analyses, we incorporated a denitrification model into the system that enables us to estimate N balance in a designated basin;this system may be helpful in the formulation of scenarios of land use andsoil management for improving water quality.

Analysis of Water and Soil Quality Characteristics in Turpan City

[ Objective] The study aimed to analyze water and soil quality characteristics in Turpan City. [ Method] According to Drinking Water Hy- gienic Standards （GB5749-2006） and Standards for Irrigation Water Quality （GB5084-2005）, five kinds of water samples collected from a karez, motor-pumped well, canal, village well and Aydingkol Lake in Turpan City as well as two types of soil samples irrigated by the karez and motor- pumped well water were analyzed in quality. [ Remit] Chloride and sulfate content in the village well and Aydingkol Lake water were higher than their limits in Dnnking Water Hygienic Standards, as well as sulfate content in the motor-pumped well and canal water. However, chloride and sul- fate content in the karez water did not exceed their limits. The soil irrigated by the karez water was salinized slightly, and organic matter content was higher; the soil irrigated by the motor-pumped well water was salinized seriously, and organic matter content was lower. [ Conclusion] The karez water is more applicable to farmland irrigation.

RESEARCH ON WATER QUALITY TESTS BASED ON OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE TECHNOLOGY

The water quality testing principle by surface plasmon resonance(SPR)is introduced.Using the scanning mode angular spectral testing and the CCD angular spectral testing,a kind of highresolution,wide-range,and portable optical waveguide SPR angular spectral testing system is studied,the method of improving the testing accuracy is discussed,and a long-life surface plasmon optical waveguide transducer is also proposed.Utilizing the SPR testing system,we contrastively tack some test for several sorts of solution,the results presented that significant differences of SPR peaks observed in different sorts of liquid,which indicated the effectiveness of SPR technology used in water quality testing and analysis.

Effects of Vetiveria zizanioides Planting on Water Quality in Areas Surrounding Coal Gangue Mountain

In order to investigate the correlation between the variations in the environmental water quality indexes and the distance of water bodies from the planting region of vetiver, samples of surface water were gathered from the water bodies surrounding an abandoned coal gangue mountain of Dahead coal mine (Dahe, Liupanshui, Guizhou Province) based on the method of field survey and typical analysis. According to the results, the planting of vetiver could effectively purify the water bodies surrounding the coal gangue mountain. Detailed findings include three aspects:(1) The main pollutants detected in water bodies around the coal gangue mountain were SO4 2-, NO3 -, Fe and Cu, with a concentration of 869.45, 35.16, 26.06, and 40.85 mg/L respectively in wet season and all exceeded the national environmental standards for surface water.(2) The pH values of water bodies 150~200 m away from the vetiver planting region stayed within the limits of national environmental standards for surface water and presented a homogeneous feature, revealing that vetiver has the capacity to adjust the pH of the surrounding water body.(3) The contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, SO4 2-, and NO3 - under all treatments, tended to increase with the increasing distance of water bodies from the vetiver planting region;it means the shorter the distance between the water body and the vetiver planting region is, the higher the adsorption rate and purification effects will be;the optimal concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Cu were 0 mg/L, much lower than the national environmental standards for surface water.

Relationships Between River Water Quality and Landscape Factors in Haihe River Basin, China: Implications for Environmental Management

River water plays a key role in human health, and in social and economic development, and is often affected by both natural factors and human activities. An in-depth understanding of the role of these factors can help in developing an effective catchment management strategy to protect precious water resources. This study analyzed river water quality, patterns of terrestrial and riparian ecosystems, intensity of agricultural activities, industrial structure, and spatial distribution of pollutant emissions in the Haihe River Basin in China for the year of 2010, identifying the variables that have the greatest impact on river water quality. The area percentage of farmland in study area, the percentage of natural vegetation cover in the 1000-m riparian zone, rural population density, industrial Gross Domestic Product(GDP)/km^2, and industrial amino nitrogen emissions were all significantly correlated with river water quality(P < 0.05). Farming had the largest impact on river water quality, explaining 43.0% of the water quality variance, followed by the coverage of natural vegetation in the 1000-m riparian zone, which explained 36.2% of the water quality variance. Industrial amino nitrogen emissions intensity and rural population density explained 31.6% and 31.4% of the water quality variance, respectively, while industrial GDP/km^2 explained 26.6%. Together, these five indicators explained 67.3% of the total variance in water quality. Consequently, water environmental management of the Haihe River Basin should focus on adjusting agricultural activities, conserving riparian vegetation, and reducing industrial pollutant emissions by optimizing industrial structure. The results demonstrate how human activities drive the spatial pattern changes of river water quality, and they can provide reference for developing land use guidelines and for prioritizing management practices to maintain stream water quality in a large river basin.

Identification of coastal water quality by multivariate statistical techniques in two typical bays of northern Zhejiang Province,East China Sea

The Hangzhou Bay（HZB） and Xiangshan Bay（XSB）, in northern Zhejiang Province and connect to the East China Sea（ECS） were considerably affected by the consequence of water quality degradation. In this study, we analyzed physical and biogeochemical properties of water quality via multivariate statistical techniques. Hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA） grouped HZB and XSB into two subareas of different pollution sources based on similar physical and biogeochemical properties. Principal component analysis（PCA） identified three latent pollution sources in HZB and XSB respectively and emphasized the importance of terrestrial inputs, coastal industries as well as natural processes in determining the water quality of the two bays. Therefore, proper measurement for the protection of aquatic ecoenvironment in HZB and XSB were of great urgency.

Integration of USEPA WASP model in a GIS platform

The integration of water quality analysis simulation program (WASP) with a geographical information system (GIS) is presented.This integration was undertaken to enhance the data analysis and management ability of the widely used water quality model.Different types of data involved in WASP modeling were converted and integrated into GIS using a database method.The spatial data modeling and analysis capability of GIS were used in the operation of the model.The WASP water quality model was coupled with the environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) hydrodynamic model.A case study of the Lower Charles River Basin (Massachusetts,USA) water quality model system was conducted to demonstrate the integration process.The results showed that high efficiency of the data process and powerful function of data analysis could be achieved in the integrated model,which would significantly improve the application of WASP model in water quality management.

A two-dimensional numerical model for eutrophication in Baiyangdian Lake

Hydrodynamic, physical, and biochemical processes in the Baiyangdian Lake water environment were analyzed comprehensively. An eutrophication eco- dynamics model including the effects of reed resistance on flow was coupled with the hydrodynamics governing equations. An improvement on the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program （WASP, a modeling system intro- duced by the US Environmental Protection Agency） is established, which uses the zooplankton kinetic equation. The model simulates water quality constituents associated with eutrophication in the lake, including phytoplankton, zooplankton, nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, and others. Various kinetic coefficients were calibrated using measured data or information from relevant literature, to study eutrophication in the lake. The values calculated by the calibrated model agree well with field data, including ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen. Changes related to nutrition and dissolved oxygen during the processes were simulated. The present model describes the temporal variation of water quality in Baiyangdian Lake with reasonable accuracy. Deviations between model-simulated and observed values are discussed. As an ideal tool for environmental management of the lake, this model can be used to predict its water quality, and be used in research to examine the eutrophication process.