An Analysis of Groundwater in Sinjar Plain (Northwest of Iraq) Using WQI Model

Sinjar plain-northwest Iraq has an abundant amount of groundwater. Due to the importance of this water source, the water quality index (WQI) model was used in the classification of groundwater in the western and eastern regions of Sinjar plain for beneficial use. Groundwater samples were chemically analyzed to calculate the values of WQI. This model consists of a single number of the integrated deviation from standard quality, which indicates the relative importance of each relevant variable for beneficial use. The results indicate that the WQI could be used to determine the particular uses of groundwater. The groundwater in the Sinjar plain is more suitable for irrigation than for livestock drinking and domestic use.

Application of Water Quality Index(WQI)and Regression Analysis of Groundwater in Budigumma Village,Anantapur District,Andhra Pradesh

The research work is aimed at assessing the subsurface or groundwater suitability for human use or consumption depends upon the calculated water quality index values,correlation coefficient and regression analysis.The water quality index(WQI)is main important tool to calculate the characteristics of drinking water quality in rural,urban and industrial area.Different parameters which is measured and determination of the water quality index for selecting parameters.Further to study the correlation and regression method in this research work.Totally fifteen groundwater samples were collected from the Budigumma Village Anantapur district in the state Andhra Pradesh in India.Nine water quality parameters has been considered for the computation of water quality index such as pH,total dissolved solid(TDS),total hardness(TH),calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),nitrates(NO3),chlorides(Cl),sulphates(SO4),fluorides(F).The World Health Organization(WHO)has been assessed to the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes or other uses for public and determining of WQI.This WQI index values ranged from 97.78 to 108.37.The study shows that 87%area comes under the poor category of drinking purposes and the remaining 13%comes under as good water for drinking purposes as per the WQI classification.The correlation and regression analysis gives as an outstanding device for the calculation of different parameter values within realistic degree of precision.The subsistence of strong correlation or relationship between the total hardness and magnesium is determined.The analysis of selected parameters revealed that proper treatment before use or consumption and protected from more contamination.

新疆巴里坤湖流域平原区地下水水化学特征及健康风险评价

【目的】了解巴里坤湖流域平原区地下水水化学特征及地下水污染指标对人体健康造成的危害。【方法】依据2022年8月地下水水质资料,采用离子比值法和饱和指数法对地下水控制因素进行分析,并综合运用熵权水质指数法和健康风险评估模型进行地下水水质及人体健康评价。【结果】研究区地下水整体属于低矿化度、硬度中等的弱碱性水,水化学类型以HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na型为主;地下水水化学特征主要受岩石风化作用和阳离子交换作用的影响;巴里坤湖流域平原区75.0%的地下水可以直接饮用,8.3%的地下水为中等质量,16.7%的地下水不适合直接饮用;超标离子的非致癌健康风险指数均小于1,为人体可接受的风险水平,Na^(+)的非致癌健康风险指数最高,且儿童的潜在非致癌风险高于成人。【结论】研究区地下水水质状况良好,但博尔羌吉镇以北区域存在一定的潜在风险。地下水是工农业用水的重要来源之一,通过对地下水水化学特征及健康风险进行分析,为饮用水安全、预防地方性疾病、生态环境保护、农业灌溉和工业用水选择等方面提供科学依据和支撑。

石家庄地区地下水水质综合评价方法研究

以石家庄滹沱河地区为例,选择氨氮、硫酸根、硝酸根、亚硝酸根、氰化物、挥发性酚类(以苯酚计)6个评价指标,采用内梅罗指数法、模糊数学法以及水质分级法进行水质评价,并将评价结果进行对比研究,结果表明:内梅罗指数法过程简单、运算方便,但过于突出最大污染因子,未考虑权重因素;水质分级法没有考虑水质分级的模糊性,受最大浓度的指标因素影响较大,不能客观地反映水体的实际情况;模糊数学法用隶属函数描述水质分级界限,根据模糊聚类法确定因子权重,使评价结果更接近实际。

洞庭湖上游平原浅层地下水水质综合评价

采用综合指数法、主成分分析(PCA)法和BP神经网络法对洞庭湖上游平原浅层地下水雨、旱季水质进行了综合评价,并分析了3种方法的适用性。结果表明:洞庭湖上游平原浅层地下水存在大面积地质成因污染和局部人为成因污染;雨季西洞庭湖平原澧水和沅江之间以及南洞庭湖平原资江下游浅层地下水为Ⅳ类水,可用于灌溉,不适宜饮用,雨季后受到降水补给、稀释作用,各指标质量浓度普遍降低。BP神经网络法适合整体水质评价,评价结果最合理;PCA法较简单,水质综合评价的结果与BP神经网络法的结果更接近;综合指数法的评价结果受主要污染指标的影响较大,适用于严苛的水质评价。

德阳市平原区浅层地下水水化学特征与健康风险评价

地下水是德阳市的重要供水水源,了解其水化学特征及生态风险状况对可持续发展至关重要.以德阳市平原区为研究对象,采集78个地下水样,分析其水化学特征及其影响因素,运用绝对主成分-多元线性回归模型(APCS-MLR)进行水化学组分来源解析,并综合运用熵权水质指数(EWQI)和人类健康风险评价模型(HHRA)进行地下水水质及健康风险评价.结果表明,地下水中Ca^(2+)、HCO_(3)^(-)、Mn^(2+)和TFe浓度均值超过国家Ⅲ类水质标准;Na^(+)、K^(+)、Cl^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)、Mn^(2+)和TFe变异系数介于1.11~3.72,含量起伏变化大,局部富集程度高;区内地下水化学类型以HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca、HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg、HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Mg和HCO_(3)-Ca型为主,分别占比33.33%、25.64%、19.23%和14.10%.APCS-MLR模型源解析结果表明,地下水水化学组分主要来源为:水岩作用源(32.87%)、农业活动源(12.75%)、生活污水和工业废水排放源(12.40%)、原生地质环境和水岩作用复合源(9.86%)、农业与工业复合源(9.44%)和未识别源(22.69%).熵权水质指数(EWQI)结果显示,地下水质量Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级占比分别为6.41%和74.36%,达到优良和良好程度;地下水质量为Ⅲ级占比11.54%,质量中等;地下水质量为Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级占比分别为6.41%和1.28%,地下水质量差或极差;影响地下水水质等级的主要指标依次为:TFe>Ca^(2+)>Mn^(2+)>HCO_(3)^(-).HHRA模型结果显示区内潜在非致癌风险较低,均未超过1;与皮肤接触相比,直接摄入是这些指标危害人类的主要途径;在相同环境下儿童比成人暴露更容易受到伤害.整体而言,区内地下水水质状况良好,研究区东南部存在一定的潜在风险,在地下水资源利用中应加强对该地区的地下水资源管理和污染防治.