Advances in Microbial Remediation on the Application of Heavy Metal Pollution in Agricultural Water Resources

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural water resources is very serious in re- cent years, resulting in large losses of the agricultural economy and endangering human life and health. Due to the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and less secondary pollution, microbial ramediation technology is widely used in the treatment of heavy metal pollution in agricultural water resources. At present, with the progress of modern biotechnology, microbial remediation of heavy metals in agricul- tural water resources has grown rapidly. The sources and status quo of heavy met- al pollution in agricultural water resources at home and aboard, and the principles of microbial remediation of heavy metals pollution in agricultural water resources were reviewed in this paper, as well as the several common microbial remediation technology of heavy metals in agricultural water resources. Additionally, the further research work of heavy metal contaminated agricultural water resources by microbial ramediation were prospected.

Photocatalytic removal of heavy metal ions and antibiotics in agricultural wastewater:A review

In recent years,the treatment of agricultural wastewater has been an important aspect of environmental protection.The purpose of photocatalytic technology is to degrade pollutants by utilizing solar light energy to stimulate the migration of photocarriers to the surface of photocatalysts and occur reduction-oxidation reaction with pollutants in agricultural wastewater.Photocatalytic technology has the characteristics of high efficiency,sustainability,low-energy and free secondary pollution.It is an environmental and economical method to recover water quality that only needs sunlight.In this paper,the mechanism and research progress of photocatalytic removal of heavy metal ions and antibiotics from agricultural water pollution were reviewed by combining photocatalytic degradation process with agricultural treatment technology.The mechanism of influencing factors of photocatalytic degradation efficiency was discussed in detail and corresponding strategies were proposed,which has certain reference value for the development of photocatalytic degradation.

Constructed Wetland Systems as a Methodology for the Treatment of Wastewater in Bucaramanga Industrial Park

Effluent discharges from municipal, industrial, and agricultural activities constitute major sources of pollution on land and water bodies. During the 1990s, large-scale application of Constructed Wetlands (CWs) as a remediation option drew much attention globally from the public and green groups alike. The most common application of CWs is for flow management in river system and little is documented on using CWs for treating polluted river water. This article goes beyond constructed wetlands as a stand-alone methodology to propose an integrated remediation system incorporating constructed wetlands in Bucaramanga Industrial Park S.A., Santander (Colombia), which will form part of an innovation park. In addition to pollution abatement, the project is projected to provide other environmental benefits to the entire Oro River Sub-basin. Other benefits of the project include mitigation of environmental impacts, improvement in water quality, landscape amenity, as well as tourism and recreational benefits.

Book Review of Green Materials for Sustainable Water Remediation and Treatment

Water is one of the most important substances on earth. Safe drinking water is essential to humans and other life forms. All plants and animals must have water to survive. If there was no water, there would be no life on earth. Apart from drinking it to survive, people have many other uses for water. This natural resource is becoming scarcer and its demand exceeds supply in some region rendering its availability a major social and economic concern. Apart of this scarcity is water pollution which is increasing day by day in many parts of the world. Sources of fresh water on land are getting more and more polluted than ever before. As a result, contaminated water became unsuitable for use. Poor water quality is deadly since contaminated water causes hazards to public health through poisoning or the spread of disease. In order to address these issues, the practice of water remediation has been developed.

Coal fy ash:an emerging material for water remediation

Coal fy ash(CFA)is a byproduct of thermal power plant and collected from fue gases by separator.Composition of CFA depends on the type of coal used and it has both crystalline and amorphous character.It is considered to be an environmental pollutant and used in number of areas.CFA is a useful material and widely used in cement production and as a promising adsorbent for water remediation.CFA used for remediation of wastewater solves problems related to water quality issues and waste management.The physical properties such as porosity,surface area,morphology,and chemical composition(iron oxide,alumina,silica,titania,etc.)make CFA efcient material for wastewater treatment.CFA is also converted to geopolymer,which is used as an adsorbent and photocatalyst.Dye,organic compounds,toxic heavy metal ions,etc.have been removed using CFA and modifed CFA adsorbents.Diferent adsorption efciencies have been reported for diferent adsorbate and CFA adsorbents.Numbers of adsorption isotherm and kinetic models have been discussed.

河套灌区农业高效节水与面源污染防控技术

针对河套灌区水资源短缺、农业面源污染严重等问题,从不同空间尺度和治理环节入手开展灌区农业高效节水与面源污染源头防控技术研究。研发了针对污染源头的农田水肥盐药调控管理技术模式(包括除草剂残留研究与用量推荐、土壤水氮盐和作物生长对水肥管理的响应、减量膜上秋浇技术及次生盐渍化土壤微生物改良技术)、针对农田排水的富氧生态沟渠截污净化技术模式和区域尺度的面源污染空间解析识别技术,并集成构建了贯穿源头控污—过程削污—区域查污—系统调污的高效节水型农业面源污染防控技术体系。基于现状研究和新发展理念提出了河套灌区水土资源领域研究的几点认识,相关成果为河套灌区高质量发展提供了重要支撑,对同类型灌区具有重要借鉴意义。

自然保护区林地水源污染修复及防治策略研究

林地水源污染关系到整个自然保护区内生物的生存与发展,为保护水源水质开展了水源污染修复及防治策略研究。以某自然保护区内的一处水源地为例,采集试验所需的原水,在选取试验试剂和设备的基础上,确定4项水质分析项目和对应的检测方法。通过壳聚糖微球+活性渗滤反应墙、原位投菌技术来修复水源,通过人工湿地和人工增氧来实现污染防治。结果表明,修复策略实施后,各项水质指标表现越来越好,林地水源中浮游生物数量和叶绿素a含量逐渐上升,重金属综合污染指数和高锰酸盐指数逐渐下降,修复策略起到了应有的净化效果;防治策略实施后,前1~3 d内4项水质指标的表现仍在继续提升,之后出现小幅度下降并最终维持在一个较为平稳的水平,说明防治策略基本维持住了修复策略的实施效果,起到了应有的防治作用。

基于低水位运行的城市河流污染底泥中微生物群落特征及影响因素

针对低水位运行修复城市河流污染底泥微生物机制不清的问题,基于高、低水位下不同城市河流的底泥理化性质检测分析、宏基因组高通量测序及生物信息学分析等手段,开展了低水位运行的城市河流污染底泥中微生物群落特征及影响因素研究。结果表明:变形菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门和广古菌门分别是不同水位运行条件下相对丰度最高的细菌门类和古菌门类;高水位运行条件下底泥中细菌的香农指数显著高于低水位运行条件下的指数值(p<0.001),古菌则相反,说明古菌群落可能主导了低水位运行过程中底泥污染物降解过程;低水位运行时变形菌门可能是参与底泥中含氮污染物降解以及氮循环过程的主要微生物门类,α-变形菌纲则可能对底泥中氨氮的去除发挥了重要作用;TOC,TN和NH_(3)-N是影响城市河流底泥中微生物群落变化的主要环境驱动因子;低水位运行不仅能够有效降低底泥中常规污染指标的污染程度,解决底泥内源污染问题,还能显著降低底泥中致病菌的潜在危害,构建更为安全的亲水城市河流生态系统。

海泡石在农产品及水体重金属污染修复中的研究进展

海泡石是一种吸附性很强的黏土矿物,在修复土壤、水体重金属污染中具有很强的优越性。本文介绍了海泡石修复机理及其改性方法,并综述性介绍了海泡石在降低农产品重金属(镉、汞、砷、铅、锌和铬等)含量和净化水体重金属污染方面的研究进展。与天然海泡石相比,改性海泡石及其复配具有针对性强、修复效果好和修复范围广等优点。

微污染湖泊水体植物-微生物协同修复技术

针对雨水溢流引起的水体微污染的修复,本研究建立了室内微模型模拟雨水溢流污染水体,分别采用投加复合脱氮菌剂、复合脱氮菌剂+镁改性麦饭石,以及复合脱氮菌剂+生态颗粒的方法进行处理,探究不同处理方式对水质、沉水植物苦草及底泥微生物菌群的影响。研究发现,菌剂的投加能够加速微污染水体的修复,同时投加镁改性麦饭石及生态颗粒,能够提升水体氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总氮(TN)和化学需氧量(COD)的去除率,并促进苦草生长,其中镁改性麦饭石对苦草与微生物的耦合脱氮促生效果最优。复合脱氮菌剂单独投加,或同时投加镁改性麦饭石或生态颗粒,对底泥细菌群落α多样性影响均不显著。FAPROTAX功能预测表明,Anaerolineaceae等异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌是苦草与微生物耦合脱氮的主导底泥微生物,镁改性麦饭石及生态颗粒有利于底泥菌群向微生物脱氮功能菌群结构演变,通过植物和微生物协同作用,两处理分别增加苦草叶长26.5%、11.8%,增加根长45.2%、35.5%。

新型环保化学品在污染防治中的应用研究

通过分析新型环保化学品的类型及特点,重点研究了其在水污染、大气污染和土壤污染防治中的具体应用。研究表明,新型环保化学品因其高效、低毒、可生物降解等优点,在不同污染防治领域展现出独特优势。在水污染防治方面,可提高污染物去除效率;在大气污染防治方面,可实现多污染物协同控制;在土壤污染修复方面,可促进土壤生态功能恢复。因此,新型环保化学品在污染防治中具有广阔的应用前景。

我国地下水生态环境保护项目入库方案技术要点探讨

水污染防治项目储备库建设是解决地下水突出问题、确保完成地下水生态环境保护目标和任务的重要举措.入库方案技术成熟度是项目通过率最大的影响因素.本文首先梳理总结了地下水生态环境调查评估、地下水污染防控修复(含废弃井封井回填)和地下水环境监管能力建设三类项目入库时存在的实施方案目标不明确、缺少因地制宜的具体方案、不满足相关技术文件要求、缺少前期工作基础等问题.然后有针对性地提出了具体建议:①调查评估类项目应明确因地制宜的工作内容和工作量,成果支撑环境管理或后续风险管控修复措施,高度重视全链条质量控制;②监管能力建设类项目应充分整合评估现有可用监测井,建设完善地下水环境监测网,明确地下水环境监管信息化需求,探索构建智能高效监管平台,聚焦地下水环境监管短板,提升地下水监管软硬件能力;③防控修复类项目应明确地下水污染防控修复必要内容,优先采用工艺成熟、低成本、绿色低碳化的管控修复技术,充分体现“源−路径−受体”的系统整治思路,复杂地下水污染区探索建立分区分级管控与修复集成模式.最后从完善技术指导文件、联合不同部门积极探索可复制和可推广的技术模式以及统筹谋划重大项目等方面提出入库建议,以期为提高地下水生态环境保护项目入库质量提供技术支撑.

江苏省风险管控和修复名录地块污染特征分析及对策建议

根据《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》,建立并公开《江苏省建设用地土壤污染风险管控和修复名录》(以下简称“名录”)。对2020—2022中江苏省纳入名录的116个污染地块开展系统性分析,结果表明:纳入名录的污染地块数量和面积与地区经济发展水平有关,南京、无锡、常州和苏州排名前列;土水复合污染地块占53%,其中64%的地块地下水最大污染深度大于同一地块土壤最大污染深度;共统计到167种污染物,重金属、石油烃和多环芳烃最为常见,约50%的污染物不在我国现行建设用地土壤及地下水污染评价标准中;已完成修复并移出名录的31个地块中,17%的污染土壤和25%的污染地下水采用原位修复技术。提出了完善土壤环境质量标准体系,探索土水协同治理修复模式,推进土壤污染绿色低碳修复等针对性的对策建议,为促进土壤、地下水环境管理和污染防治行业科学发展提供参考依据。

废弃露天矿山生态环境污染修复技术分析

本文围绕废弃露天矿山生态环境污染修复技术进行了深入研究。通过对矿山废弃地的土壤、水体和植被等关键要素的分析,探讨了土壤修复、水体净化和植被恢复等核心修复技术的原理、应用及效果。同时,结合当前的技术发展和社会需求,提出了修复技术的实施策略和保障措施,包括综合规划、因地制宜、循序渐进、多元投入等方面。本文旨在为废弃露天矿山生态环境修复提供理论支持和实践指导,推动矿山生态环境的改善和可持续发展。

Nanobiochar for the remediation of contaminated soil and water:challenges and opportunities

Although research on biochar has received increasing attention for environmental and agricultural applications,the significance of nanobiochar for environmental pollutant remediation is poorly understood.In contrast to bulk biochar,nanobiochar has superior physicochemical properties such as high catalytic activity,unique nanostructure,large specific surface area and high mobility in the soil environment.These unique characteristics make nanobiochar an ideal candidate for pollution remediation.Thus far,the research on nanobiochar is still in its infancy and most of the previous studies have only been conducted for exploring its properties and environmental functions.The lack of in-depth summary of nanobiochar’s research direction makes it a challenge for scientists and researchers globally.Hence in this review,we established some key fabrication methods for nanobiochar with a focus on its performance for the removal of pollutants from the environment.We also provided up-to-date information on nanobiochar’s role in environmental remediation and insights into different mechanisms involved in the pollutant removal.Although,nanobiochar application is increasing,the associated drawbacks to the soil ecosystem have not received enough research attention.Therefore,further research is warranted to evaluate the potential environmental risks of nanobiochar before large scale application.

生态环境修复技术治理中的应用与实践

随着工业化和城市化的飞速发展,环境污染问题日益严重,尤其是工业和城市地区的土壤及水体污染,对生态和人类健康构成了巨大威胁。基于此,本文详细探讨了生态环境修复技术在污染场地治理中的应用与实践,旨在通过生物和生态方法有效减轻污染负担,并提升环境修复的可持续性。

滨州市水资源开发利用现状和存在问题对策探讨

结合滨州市水资源开发利用基本情况,分析了水资源开发利用面临的主要问题及根源,面对新阶段经济社会发展日益增长的用水需求和滨州市水资源支撑能力不足的现实矛盾,提出加大水源工程建设,增强供水能力;加强输配水工程建设,提高输水效率;开展节水型社会建设,促进高效用水;强化治河治污,实现水资源综合利用与高质量发展针对性措施。

规模奶牛场生产用水监测分析研究

为探明规模奶牛场污水产生来源,提出源头减量有效措施,对江苏省两家规模奶牛场生产用水情况进行了周年运行监测,结果表明:①奶牛饮水、挤奶厅用水全年占比分别为58.83%、11.52%,喷淋水在夏季占比达到20.63%;②单位产奶量的泌乳牛饮水量为(4.6±1.7)L/kg牛奶,单位产奶量的总生产用水量为(13.1±6.0)L/kg牛奶;③奶牛场污水生化处理过程使用絮凝剂会额外消耗配制用水,进一步增加污水量。通过分析规模奶牛场生产用水构成发现,将挤奶厅地面冲洗废水、饮水槽清洗废水收集进行循环利用,传统喷淋改为红外感应喷淋等方式,千头规模奶牛场每年预计可节水减排超过3000m3。

丘陵灌区排水循环灌溉模式节水减排效果研究

【目的】揭示丘陵灌区较为普遍的排水循环灌溉过程及其节水减排效果。【方法】针对灌区典型灌排单元,采用原位试验监测农沟和斗沟中水量和氮磷质量浓度变化,分析回归率(回归水量/抽灌水量)、负荷削减量、负荷削减率时空变化规律,并通过相关分析、逐步回归方法求解负荷削减率的影响因素。【结果】监测到抽灌-回归过程24次,总回归率为89.93%。生育期总磷、总氮、硝态氮和氨态氮负荷削减量分别为0.28、3.27、2.35、2.35 kg/hm^(2)。总磷、总氮、氨态氮负荷的削减发生在田间和农沟,硝态氮负荷的削减发生在斗沟。控排措施使得降水后排水负荷中的硝态氮和氨态氮达到了稳定。4种负荷削减率都与其质量浓度之比(回归质量浓度/抽灌质量浓度)显著相关,总磷、氨态氮削减率与回归率显著相关,总氮、硝态氮削减率与抽灌当天及第2天降水量显著相关,硝态氮削减率还与温度显著相关。【结论】抽灌-回归-控排灌溉模式在节水、方便农户灌溉的同时,提高了水肥利用率,降低了排水给下游水体带来的风险,在灌排单元尺度上节水和控污减排效果良好。

水分管理对水稻灌浆期镉伤流强度和转移的影响

为明确水稻关键生育期水分管理对籽粒Cd积累的影响,揭示Cd污染稻田水分管理降低籽粒Cd积累的部分机制,本研究以Cd轻度污染水稻土和甬优538水稻为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,共设3种水分管理模式:分蘖末期至成熟期湿润灌溉(T1),分蘖末期湿润灌溉-灌浆期至成熟期淹水(T2),分蘖末期至成熟期淹水(T3),探究不同水分管理方式下的水稻产量、灌浆期各器官Cd含量、各器官Cd积累量和Cd伤流强度的动态变化情况,分析水稻Cd吸收转移及籽粒Cd积累规律。结果表明:T2处理能显著降低水稻茎、叶、糙米的Cd含量和积累量,该处理水稻茎、叶、糙米Cd含量较T1分别降低51.5%~61.9%、12.8%~53.7%、31.8%~50.1%,第35天收获时,Cd积累量较T1处理分别降低37.4%、28.3%、36.2%。灌浆开始至第21天是籽粒Cd积累的高峰期,该时期T1、T2、T3处理糙米Cd积累贡献率分别为78.0%、77.2%、72.4%。灌浆期开始至第14天是Cd由根系向地上部运输的关键时期且淹水处理Cd伤流强度明显降低。第14天时,T1、T2处理Cd伤流强度分别是第21天的2.60、3.45倍,T2、T3处理较T1处理分别下降68.6%、92.7%。相关性分析表明,水稻籽粒Cd的积累与水稻茎Cd含量密切相关。灌浆期淹水处理水稻茎Cd含量的减少可能是籽粒Cd积累量下降的主要原因之一。淹水管理能实现Cd污染稻田水稻的安全生产,尤其以灌浆期淹水在水资源高效利用方面适应性更强,既符合稻田农事习惯,又减少了水资源的制约。