Study on Control Scheme for Nonpoint Source Pollution in Dahe Reservoir Water Source Protection Area of Dianchi Lake Basin

[ Objective] The research aimed to study control scheme for nonpoint source pollution in Dahe Reservoir water source protection area of Dianchi Lake basin.[ Method] On the basis of the SPOT5 satellite remote sensing imagery in 2010 and field investigation of GPS record, ecological design for nonpoint source pollution control in Dahe Reservoir water source protection area of Dianchi Lake basin was conducted. Then, the effects of optimization measures were evaluated by the reductions of N and P outputs on different land-use types. E Resultl Control functions of the water source protection area on soil erosion and the emissions of N, P and other pollutants would be promoted after optimization. The optimization meas- ures had a significant effect for prevention and control of the non-point source pollution in the water source protection area. [ Conclusion] The re- search provided scientific basis for promoting ecological construction of the small green basin in Dahe Reservoir water source protection area of Di- anchi Lake basin.

Preliminary Study on the Ecological Compensation of the Primary and Secondary Reserves in Drinking Water Source Area of the Shitoukoumen Reservoir

The Shitoukoumen Reservoir is one of main drinking water source areas in Changchun City,and there is a contradiction between the protection and the economic development of water source areas. In this paper,the primary and secondary reserves in drinking water source area of the Shitoukoumen Reservoir are taken as research objects. Based on the theory of ecological compensation,the ecological compensation standard is accounted and determined from different perspectives,and the suggestion of the phased ecological compensation in water source areas is proposed.

Revision of Water Function Division and Countermeasures for Water Resources Protection in Jiangjin District of Chongqing City in China

According to the current situation and development planning of water resources in Jiangjin District of Three Gorge Reservoir Area at the upper reaches of Yangtze River,by combining with social needs,through the survey on pollution source and analysis of water quality,based on the Report of Water Function Division of Jiangjin District(2005) ,the adjustment and revision have been conducted on water function divisions,and corresponding protection targets and countermeasures for water resources have been proposed,so that the water function division can comply with the development situation of Jiangjin District,providing a reliable reference for the protection and reasonable utilization of water resources,enhancing the unified and effective supervision of water resources,promoting the sustainable use of water resources in Jiangjin District,and ensuring the sustainable development of regional society and environment.

Legislation on protection of drinking water sources and local management practices in the Pearl River Delta region of China

The protection of drinking water sources is vital to urban development and public health.In this study,the current situation of the mandatory protection area for drinking water source in the Pearl River Delta region was investigated using a method combining Google Earth with the field survey.The gaps between management practices and legislation requirements were analyzed.Finally,several countermeasures for water resource protection were proposed as follows:to promote delineation in a more scientific way,to safeguard the sanctity of the law,to make better plan on water saving,and to encourage public participation in supervision and management.

Protection Planning for Rural Centralized Drinking Water Source Areas in Chongqing

Protection planning is made for rural centralized drinking water source areas according to current situations of rural drinking water and existing problems of centralized drinking water source areas in Chongqing,and in combination with survey,analysis and evaluation of urban-rural drinking water source areas in whole city.There are engineering measures and non-engineering measures,to guarantee drinking water security of rural residents,improve rural ecological environment,realize sustainable use of water resource,and promote sustainable development of society.Engineering measures include conservation and protection of water resource,ecological restoration,isolation,and comprehensive control of pointsource and area-source pollution.Non-engineering measures include construction of monitoring system for drinking water source area,construction of security information system for rural centralized drinking water source area,and construction of emergency mechanism for water pollution accidents in rural water source areas.

Study on the Reservoir Water Quality Change Rule in Northern China

Water quality index of reservoir source water were tracked during three years in a north frigid area,the effect on supplied water quality was also studied.Based on the analysis of the monitoring data during the same season,the reservoir source water had typical and seasonal variation characteristics that was divided into four periods including the icebound period,spring period(or peach blossom period),stable period in summer and autumn and winter period.The icebound period was charactered by the typical low temperature and turbidity,pH and oxygen consumption decreased gradually showed that the gradually anaerobic trend existed in the reservoir.In May as the reservoir completely thawed,upstream water inflow and the total pollutant in the reservoir gradually increased,but the bottom of reservoir bottom was stable in the anaerobic state temporarily.The state completely disappeared,various index increased significantly in the middle of July.The water had high chroma characteristics,chroma and turbidity increased significantly in the summer and autumn(7-11months),but stability of water quality was poor because of rainfall.The reservoir gradually froze after the middle of November and the flow of water decreased.The peak of chroma appeared a month later than the water temperature.Due to the water turbidity was low,and the floc was small and light,the conventional water purification process design based on removal of turbidity achieved removal of chroma through a lot dosing of coagulant.

水源保护下搬迁农户生计脆弱性评估框架分析——以韶关南水湖搬迁安置区为例

为了促进水源保护,水源地农户常被搬迁安置和限渔退捕,其生计脆弱性较为突出。以韶关南水湖搬迁安置区为例,基于“暴露性-敏感性-适应性”框架,构建了农户生计脆弱性评价框架,对农民生计脆弱性进行实证分析。结果表明:农户生计脆弱性总体较高,突出体现在生计适应性和生计暴露性两个方面;不同类型农户脆弱性存在差异,农户生计脆弱性会因村子和县城的距离、非渔业经营技能、职业类型的不同而存在差异;农户生计脆弱性受到就业机会、转产技能、生计多样性等因素的影响。

不同乡村地域类型农户生计资本和生计策略特征及影响因素——以于桥水库流域为例

农户生计方式不仅决定了农户的收入,还对区域环境产生了深刻的影响。不同乡村地域类型是影响农户生计资本和生计策略的重要因素。本研究通过参与式农村评估和问卷调查获取于桥水库流域512份农户生计的一手数据,构建了农户生计资本评价指标体系,依据收入结构划分农户生计策略,分析不同乡村地域类型的农户生计资本和生计策略特征,并利用多元回归方程解析生计资本对生计策略的影响。结果表明:流域内农户生计非农化成为普遍现象,纯非农型和非主农辅型生计策略占比分别为29.5%和42.6%。不同生计策略农户的生计资本存在显著差异:纯非农和非主农辅农户的总生计资本、人力资本、社会资本和金融资本显著高于纯农业和农主非辅农户,纯农业和农主非辅农户的自然资本显著高于纯非农型农户。不同乡村地域类型农户的生计资本水平和生计策略选择具有明显差异。经济作物区农户的总生计资本、自然资本显著高于其他地区,传统粮产区的金融资本最低。水库周边区生计策略主要为纯非农型,山地林木区和城镇周边区主要是非主农辅型,传统粮产区和经济作物区主要是纯非农型和非主农辅型,文化旅游区主要是非主农辅型和农主非辅型。人均耕地面积、人均林地面积、耕地破碎化程度、土壤肥力、劳动力占比、家庭人口平均年龄、交通工具和家庭人均收入等指标对农户生计策略选择具有显著影响。不同乡村地域类型生计资本和生计策略差异主要与地理区位、自然资源、社会资源和政策相关。最后,提出基于乡村地域特征的农户生计的针对性优化策略,为促进农户生计可持续发展提供参考。

基于突变理论和模糊数学的湖库型水源地风险评价

为科学评估湖库型水源地风险评价等级,以茂名市电白区罗坑水库水源地为例,从水要素、管理要素、社会经济要素3方面构建了湖库型水源地风险评价指标体系,并确定各指标的评价标准,基于突变理论和模糊数学构建了风险评价模型。结果表明:水源地风险等级与水源地建设投入关系密切。自2018年罗坑水库水源地划为饮用水水源地以来,随着水源地建设投入的加大和保护力度的增强,水源地风险逐渐降低。2018-2022年,罗坑水库水源地风险评价等级依次为较高风险、较高风险、中风险、较低风险、较低风险;尽管现在罗坑水库风险较低,但后续罗坑水库仍需加大投入力度,提高水源地管理、监控和应急水平、进一步降低风险等级。

四川盆地宁西地区奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素

通过岩心观察、实验测试、地球物理解释及生产动态资料评价,对四川盆地宁西地区奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组烃源岩和储层特征进行了分析,结合构造-热演化-压力演化史、断层发育特征,探讨了页岩气富集的主控因素。研究结果表明:(1)宁西地区五峰组—龙马溪组一段1亚段(龙一1)发育深水陆棚相富有机质页岩,干酪根类型以Ⅰ型为主,有机质丰度较高,TOC平均值大于3.8%,Ro平均值高于3.0%,处于过成熟阶段;优质烃源岩分布于五峰组—龙一13小层,龙一14小层生烃潜力差。(2)研究区五峰组—龙一1亚段储集层条件优越,脆性指数高,平均值大于55%,自下而上呈下降趋势;储集空间有纳米级无机孔和有机孔、构造成因高角度剪切缝和垂直缝;孔隙度为2.20%~5.30%,平均值为3.84%,龙一11—龙一13小层孔隙度较大。(3)研究区页岩气成藏模式为层内自生自储,受控于源-储配置、构造-热演化、断层级别和裂缝发育程度,源-储配置控基础,脆性矿物含量和孔隙度值越高,TOC值越高;构造-热演化调气藏,晚二叠世(250 Ma)以前地层持续埋藏及峨眉山大火成岩省促进了五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气热解生烃,晚白垩世(66 Ma)至今,构造抬升使气藏发生调整与散失;断层控保存,层内发育的断层有利于页岩气的保存,断层规模越大,越不利于页岩气富集;裂缝系统控产能,向斜中部构造变形弱,断层密度低,裂缝发育程度中等,有利于页岩气的富集,而向斜周缘构造变形强度大,断层密度大,裂缝系统极为发育,不利于页岩气富集。

南水北调中线生态保护措施对水源区碳中和的影响——以南阳市为例

为研究南水北调中线工程调水后采取的生态保护措施对水源区碳中和的影响,以南阳市为研究区域,梳理保障南水北调调水工程运营颁布的相关政策,利用碳排放、碳吸收测算模型分别测算水源区的碳排放量和碳吸收量,分析政策驱动引致的生态保护行动对南水北调水源区减排固碳能力的影响。研究发现:南阳市的碳排放量以2014年为结点整体呈先增长后下降的阶段性特征,碳吸收量整体呈现显著上升变化趋势;南阳市的碳吸收量大于碳排放量,整体已达到“碳中和”要求;水污染治理、节能减排、水土流失治理、林业建设等保障调水的生态保护措施通过增加水源区的减排固碳能力,促进“双碳”目标实现。研究结果为双碳目标实现提供决策参考。

农村饮用水水源地保护措施研究

水是人类赖以生存和发展的资源,饮用水安全是人民群众身体健康、生活安定的重要基础。然而在部分农村,由于特殊的环境和资源条件的影响,饮用水安全问题长期存在,尤其是随着城市化进程的加快和农业生产的发展,农村饮用水安全问题愈发突出,加强农村饮用水安全管理刻不容缓。基于此,本文指出农村饮用水管理存在的问题,提出农村饮用水水源地保护的措施,以供参考。

丹江口水库水源区地下水环境调查与评价

丹江口库区是南水北调中线工程的核心水源区,为了持续抓好输水沿线区和受水区的污染防治和生态环境保护工作,运用综合评价分析方法,对水源区的地下水环境进行调查和采样分析。结果表明:①丹江口水库水源区共有20个潜在污染源,其中生活垃圾场共12个,尾矿库共4个,闭坑矿洞废水4个。②126组地下水样品中,Ⅲ类水占比最高,为30%,其次为Ⅱ类水和Ⅳ类水,均占比24.5%,Ⅴ类水占比19%,Ⅰ类水占比最低,仅为2%;重度污染的Ⅴ类水有24组,主要分布在郧阳区和竹山县,郧阳区主要超标指标为硝酸盐、铝等,竹山县主要超标元素为锌;中度污染的Ⅳ类水有31组,主要分布在房县和丹江口市,房县主要超标元素为铁,丹江口市主要超标指标为硝酸盐。③地下水中超标率较高的指标为铁(18.0%)、硝酸盐(12.5%)、铝(11.7%)和锌(10.9%)。研究结果可为该区域生态环境保护提供基础支撑。

湖库型饮用水水源地水体PAEs变化特征及风险评价

为探究湖库型饮用水水源地水体邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalate esters,PAEs)的季节变化特征和健康风险状况,以玉溪市城区东风水库和飞井海水库水体为研究对象,基于2021~2023年逐月水质监测数据,分析了研究水体PAEs质量浓度水平、季节变化规律及分布特征,并开展了成人和儿童的健康风险评估。结果表明:①2021~2023年,研究水体中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate,DEHP)的检出率较高(≥94.4%),其中DBP检出质量浓度的平均值和最大值分别为0.48μg/L和2.91μg/L,DEHP的平均值和最大值分别为1.12μg/L和3.94μg/L,均未超过中国水质卫生标准(GB 5749-2022)和水质量标准(GB 3838-2002)规定限值。②研究水体DBP和DEHP质量浓度的月均值分布具有显著的季节性差异,两者质量浓度大小随季节变化规律具有一致性,均表现为夏、秋两季>春、冬两季,从不同水量期来看,两者质量浓度大小表现为丰水期>枯、平水期,且研究水体中DEHP质量浓度月均值普遍高于同期DBP。③经饮水和皮肤渗入途径,DBP对成人和儿童的最大非致癌健康风险值处于10-3水平,为无风险,而DEHP对成人和儿童的最大致癌健康风险值达到1.57×10^(-6)和2.07×10^(-6)水平,存在潜在致癌健康风险,应予以重视。饮水是致癌和非致癌健康风险的主要暴露途径,须重点关注由其引起的致癌风险。

珠江口盆地超深水区LW21-A井烃源岩分子地球化学特征与油气成因

珠江口盆地超深水区勘探程度低,珠四坳陷仅LW21-A井有油气发现,通过对其进行系统地特征分子地球化学测试与分析,揭示了所钻遇烃源岩的类型和发现油气的成因。该钻井揭示,文昌组和恩平组发育海相(海侵)泥岩和微咸水浅湖相(近海湖盆)泥岩;LW21构造气藏中存在海相(海侵)和湖相2类凝析油;LW21构造气藏中天然气主要成分为CO_(2),属于CO_(2)气藏,含一定量烷烃气;CO_(2)主要是无机幔源型成因气,烷烃气主要是油型气与海相生物气的混合型干气。这一认识对珠江口盆地超深水区珠四坳陷带的进一步评价和勘探决策具有重要意义。

川中丘陵河流型饮用水水源保护区土壤重金属特征及生态风险评价

为研究川中红层丘陵区河流型饮用水水源保护区土壤重金属的分布特征、来源及其生态风险,以濛溪河集中式饮用水水源保护区土壤为研究对象,共采集40个表层土壤样品,统计分析重金属分布特征及差异,运用相关性分析、聚类分析以及主成分分析研究重金属来源和影响因素,采用单因子污染指数、地累积指数和潜在生态风险对水源保护区土壤重金属进行生态风险评价。结果表明:研究区土壤重金属平均含量Cr>Ni>Pb>Cu>As>Cd>Hg,其中,Cu、Cd在一级保护区的平均含量大于二级保护区,Cr、Ni、Pb、As、Hg在二级保护区的平均含量相对较高。土壤重金属主要来源为成土母质,同时受人类农业生产活动影响。一级保护区土壤Cu、Cd、Ni、Pb、As、Hg、Cd均未超标,二级保护区左岸土壤Cd元素有2个点位超标,超标倍数较小,综合潜在风险指数评级为轻微生态危害,其中Cu、Ni、Pb、As、Cr为低风险,仅Cd和Hg存在中风险和较高风险,无高风险和极高风险等级分布,其中Cd产生较高风险,占2.5%,Cd和Hg不会对生态造成影响。另外,根据水源地水质的历史监测数据,水源保护区内土壤重金属难以对饮用水水源水质安全造成影响。

生态敏感地区农村生活污水治理规划研究——以长春市乐山镇为例

农村生活污水治理对改善农村人居环境、建设美丽乡村具有重要作用,水源地周边农村生活污水治理对城市饮用水安全保障具有重大意义。以水源地生态敏感地区典型乡镇(长春市乐山镇)为例,通过对水源地敏感因素以及区域现状进行调查分析,根据规划村庄类型、实际发展情况,合理预测污水量,布局污水收集及处理设施。研究表明:农村区域应建立差异化的生活污水治理模式,划分“镇区、村屯、重大项目”三类区域,采用集中收集与分散处理相结合的方式处理农村生活污水;同时应突出“全域治理”的总体目标,统筹上下游乡镇,优化调整污水处理设施服务范围,实现污水设施共建共享。

粤北地区乡镇集中式饮用水水源保护区划分方案优化方法分析——以韶关市乡镇水源地“划、立、治”工作实践为例

饮用水安全与人民群众的生活健康密切相关,集中式饮用水水源保护区的划定是保证水质安全的重要措施。本文以韶关市乡镇水源地“划、立、治”工作实践为例,分析粤北地区乡镇集中式饮用水水源保护区划分方案的优化方法。其间充分调研韶关市乡镇饮用水水源地现状,分析水源保护区划分技术路线,探讨划分方案优化方法,并提出划定后的建设管理建议,为后续乡镇饮用水水源保护提供科学依据。

太湖渔洋山水源地近岸生态修复工程探索

从江苏省苏州太湖渔洋山水源地饮用水水源保护区的实际情况出发,分析水源地现状问题,研究确立水源地近岸生态修复措施,建设风浪削减和蓝藻拦截、鱼贝螺控藻引导水下生态修复工程、水下森林生态修复工程和长效管理等措施,确保饮用水水源地水质达标和长效安全。

水源区生态环保与污染控制分析

本文简要介绍了水源区的生态保护与污染控制,分析水源区存在的一些生态及污染问题,如土地和森林资源遭破坏、生物多样性减少、工业和农业污染、生活污水和垃圾排放等。围绕水源区生态保护区的建设管理、生态环境治理工作的落实、生态补偿机制的完善等,探讨相应的应对策略。