In this study, the Global Navigation Satellite System （GNSS） network of China is discussed, which can be used to monitor atmospheric precipitable water vapor （PWV）. By the end of 2013, the network had 952 GNSS sit...In this study, the Global Navigation Satellite System （GNSS） network of China is discussed, which can be used to monitor atmospheric precipitable water vapor （PWV）. By the end of 2013, the network had 952 GNSS sites, including 260 belonging to the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China （CMONOC） and 692 belonging to the China Meteorological Administration GNSS network （CMAGN）. Additionally, GNSS observation collecting and data processing procedures are presented and PWV data quality control methods are investigated. PWV levels as determined by GNSS and radiosonde are compared. The results show that GNSS estimates are generally in good agreement with measurements of radio- sondes and water vapor radiometers （WVR）. The PWV retrieved by the national GNSS network is used in weather forecasting, assimilation of data into numerical weather prediction models, the validation of PWV estimates by radiosonde, and plum rain monitoring. The network is also used to monitor the total ionospheric electron content.展开更多
Based on the climate factors data and surface vapor pressure （SVP） data of 44 weather stations in Tianshan Mountains during the years 1961-2011, this paper establishes a water vapor content （WVC） estimation model ...Based on the climate factors data and surface vapor pressure （SVP） data of 44 weather stations in Tianshan Mountains during the years 1961-2011, this paper establishes a water vapor content （WVC） estimation model according to the relationship between monthly WVC of radiosonde and corresponding SVP and analyzes the spatial and temporal variability of WVC and their causes. The results show that the WVC is linearly and negatively related to the elevation and longitude （Vertical zonality and Longitude zonality）, while it was not linearly related to the latitude. The westerly wind, geographical situation and sea level elevation composed complex surface conditions to influence the spatial distribution of WVC in the Tianshan Mountains. The Mann-Kendall （M-K） statistical test shows a significant increasing trend in the mean annual WVC in Tianshan Mountains during 1961- 2011（P 〈 0.001）, with a rate of 0.23 mm/decade, and indicates an abrupt turning point in 1985 （P.〈0.001）. Correlation analysis shows that the WVC are significantly correlated to the temperature, especially during the winter, but the summer WVC are significantly correlated to the precipitation. In addition, the North Atlantic Oscillation Index （NAOI） and the Arctic Oscillation Index （AOI） are significantly correlated to the winter WVC in the Tianshan Mountains. As a new Microwave radiometric profilers （MWRPs） instrument, the MP- 3000A provides continuous, real-time and high temporal resolution atmospheric profiles up to 10 km. In order to monitor water vapor and atmosphere profiles in Tianshan Mountains, an MP-3000A was established in Urumqi （43.8°N, 87.58°N） in May 2008. The results indicated that the MP-3oooA was applicable to this area, and the evolutionary process of water vapor and the WVC peak values of MP- 3000A were a strong signal for rainstorm and flood forecasts for Urumqi and the Tianshan Mountains.展开更多
液态云水路径(liquid water path,LWP)和可降水量(precipitable water vapor,PWV)是描述天气和气候的两个重要物理量。目前,针对液态云水路径和可降水量的直接观测较少,特别是在我国干旱半干旱黄土高原地区,至今没有获得系统的观测值。...液态云水路径(liquid water path,LWP)和可降水量(precipitable water vapor,PWV)是描述天气和气候的两个重要物理量。目前,针对液态云水路径和可降水量的直接观测较少,特别是在我国干旱半干旱黄土高原地区,至今没有获得系统的观测值。本文利用兰州大学半干旱气候与环境监测站(SACOL)近两年的微波辐射仪观测资料,分析了黄土高原半干旱区液态云水路径和可降水量的变化特征。首先引入Liljegren et al.(2001)的反演方法并加以改进,计算得到适合黄土高原地区的反演参数,利用改进后的反演方法计算近两年的液态云水路径和可降水量。分析结果显示,与TP/WVP-3000型12通道微波辐射计的直接输出结果相比,本文反演结果与实际情况更加吻合。在SACOL代表的黄土高原地区,95%的云水路径值都在150g/m2以下,95%的可降水量值都在3cm以下。由于SACOL的降水受亚洲季风的影响,液态云水路径日均值冬季最小,秋季最大,其日变化规律显示半干旱区液态云水路径大体上呈双峰分布,峰值主要出现在日出和日落时分。卫星反演资料的年变化趋势与地基反演结果比较吻合。因此,运用卫星反演的液态云水路径来分析我国西北地区的空中云水资源是一种比较可信的手段。展开更多
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Meteorological Scientific Research in the Public Interest(GYHY201406012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41275114)a construction fund for CMONOC
文摘In this study, the Global Navigation Satellite System （GNSS） network of China is discussed, which can be used to monitor atmospheric precipitable water vapor （PWV）. By the end of 2013, the network had 952 GNSS sites, including 260 belonging to the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China （CMONOC） and 692 belonging to the China Meteorological Administration GNSS network （CMAGN）. Additionally, GNSS observation collecting and data processing procedures are presented and PWV data quality control methods are investigated. PWV levels as determined by GNSS and radiosonde are compared. The results show that GNSS estimates are generally in good agreement with measurements of radio- sondes and water vapor radiometers （WVR）. The PWV retrieved by the national GNSS network is used in weather forecasting, assimilation of data into numerical weather prediction models, the validation of PWV estimates by radiosonde, and plum rain monitoring. The network is also used to monitor the total ionospheric electron content.
基金sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41375101)the Special Fund for Meteorology-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (Grant No. GYHY201006012)+2 种基金the Cooperation Program of National International Technological (Grant No. 2010DFA92720-14)Ministry of Water Resources Special Funds for Scientific Research on Public Causes (No.201301103)the Program for Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No. IRT1180)
文摘Based on the climate factors data and surface vapor pressure （SVP） data of 44 weather stations in Tianshan Mountains during the years 1961-2011, this paper establishes a water vapor content （WVC） estimation model according to the relationship between monthly WVC of radiosonde and corresponding SVP and analyzes the spatial and temporal variability of WVC and their causes. The results show that the WVC is linearly and negatively related to the elevation and longitude （Vertical zonality and Longitude zonality）, while it was not linearly related to the latitude. The westerly wind, geographical situation and sea level elevation composed complex surface conditions to influence the spatial distribution of WVC in the Tianshan Mountains. The Mann-Kendall （M-K） statistical test shows a significant increasing trend in the mean annual WVC in Tianshan Mountains during 1961- 2011（P 〈 0.001）, with a rate of 0.23 mm/decade, and indicates an abrupt turning point in 1985 （P.〈0.001）. Correlation analysis shows that the WVC are significantly correlated to the temperature, especially during the winter, but the summer WVC are significantly correlated to the precipitation. In addition, the North Atlantic Oscillation Index （NAOI） and the Arctic Oscillation Index （AOI） are significantly correlated to the winter WVC in the Tianshan Mountains. As a new Microwave radiometric profilers （MWRPs） instrument, the MP- 3000A provides continuous, real-time and high temporal resolution atmospheric profiles up to 10 km. In order to monitor water vapor and atmosphere profiles in Tianshan Mountains, an MP-3000A was established in Urumqi （43.8°N, 87.58°N） in May 2008. The results indicated that the MP-3oooA was applicable to this area, and the evolutionary process of water vapor and the WVC peak values of MP- 3000A were a strong signal for rainstorm and flood forecasts for Urumqi and the Tianshan Mountains.
文摘液态云水路径(liquid water path,LWP)和可降水量(precipitable water vapor,PWV)是描述天气和气候的两个重要物理量。目前,针对液态云水路径和可降水量的直接观测较少,特别是在我国干旱半干旱黄土高原地区,至今没有获得系统的观测值。本文利用兰州大学半干旱气候与环境监测站(SACOL)近两年的微波辐射仪观测资料,分析了黄土高原半干旱区液态云水路径和可降水量的变化特征。首先引入Liljegren et al.(2001)的反演方法并加以改进,计算得到适合黄土高原地区的反演参数,利用改进后的反演方法计算近两年的液态云水路径和可降水量。分析结果显示,与TP/WVP-3000型12通道微波辐射计的直接输出结果相比,本文反演结果与实际情况更加吻合。在SACOL代表的黄土高原地区,95%的云水路径值都在150g/m2以下,95%的可降水量值都在3cm以下。由于SACOL的降水受亚洲季风的影响,液态云水路径日均值冬季最小,秋季最大,其日变化规律显示半干旱区液态云水路径大体上呈双峰分布,峰值主要出现在日出和日落时分。卫星反演资料的年变化趋势与地基反演结果比较吻合。因此,运用卫星反演的液态云水路径来分析我国西北地区的空中云水资源是一种比较可信的手段。
