Effects of Irregular Wave Groups on Pile Forces

The wave forces on 1,2 and 4 vertical circular piles under the action of several wave trains of the same wave parameters, such as Hs Tp and Mo, but different wave group factors GF are measured in the laboratory. After comparing these forces, it may be concluded that the mean and significant wave forces are almost of no difference for the wave trains with different GF. When GF is larger, the one-tenth of the wave force extreme is slightly increased and the maximum wave force is much larger than the ones with smaller GF, to which attention must be paid in engineering practice.

Wave Breaking Phenomena of Irregular Waves Combined with Opposing Current

Experimental study and theoretical analysis show that the critical value of relative wave height (H / d)b given by Goda and the critical wave steepness (H / L)b given by Michell and Miche can be adopted as the spilling breaking indices of regular waves. According to the same principle, a systematic theoretical analysis and experiment of irregular wave have been done by the authors in order to solve the breaking problem of irregular waves. It is indicated that the authors' method for determining wave breaking of regular waves can also be used for irregular waves.

浅水爆炸冲击波特性及其毁伤效应研究进展

为阐明浅水爆炸条件下冲击波界面效应,分别从自由水面、水底以及自由水面和水底两个界面双重作用条件下归纳了冲击波线性反射和非线性反射理论、实验等研究进展。总结了浅水区混凝土障碍、舰船毁伤方式,分析了由于界面作用以及装药、起爆方式等的差异而导致冲击波在近场的非均匀分布性,采用爆炸能量调控改变在特定方位能量输出,从而提升浅水爆炸毁伤效应的可行性。指出浅水爆炸理论发展仍未完善,浅水爆炸近场能量结构控制、混凝土目标动态响应和毁伤效应,界面反射冲击波与气泡相互作用是重点研究方向。附参考文献129篇。

悬挂式矩形水墙对爆炸冲击波削减效果的实验研究

为探究开放空间中水对爆炸冲击波的削减效果,基于水平激波管搭建了冲击波与悬挂式矩形水墙相互作用的实验平台,在水墙近场位置开展了8组实验。利用高速纹影测试系统记录冲击波与水墙的相互作用过程,并研究水墙厚度对水墙破碎效果以及运动速度的影响。利用压力测试系统记录水墙后方的压力变化,并结合高速纹影测试结果进行分析。结果表明:水墙后方的压力变化与冲击波的反射、透射以及绕射现象无关,主要取决于水墙产生的冲击作用;动量提取为悬挂式矩形水墙的主要减爆机制;水墙对冲击波峰值压力具有明显的削减效果,且随着水墙厚度的减小,对峰值压力的削减效果逐渐增加;水墙对峰值冲量的削减效果并不明显。

MODEL STUDY OF DREDGED CHANNEL SILTATION IN OFFSHORE OPEN WATER

Based on the model study, the siltation of dredged channel under the condition of clear water and sediment-water mixture in Lianyun Harbor, Jiangsu Province and the experimental method under complex hydrodynamic elements such as tides, winds, waves and tidal currents are studied. The regularities of the variation of the velocity in the dredged channel in clear water are discussed as well. A group of curves such as water depth, velocity and angle has been plotted as a guide to the selection of a proper direction for a dredged channel. The intensity of siltation and the rate of deposition in the condition of sediment-water mixture, and the relationship between the dimensions of the dredged channel and the deposition amount can be estimated.

INVESTIGATION AND APPLICATION OF LAWS OF TWO DIMENSIONAL TRANSFORMATION OF SANDY BEACHES UNDER WAVE ACTION

Based on previous research results and experimental studies, this paper indicates the important factors affecting two-dimensional transformation of sandy beaches, especially the characteristic slope and sediment transport factor. A discrimination criterion of transformation type of sandy beaches is derived by applying the theory of wave energy dissipation rate. This criterion is closely examined with a lot of data and can be used to forecast the transformation of sandy beaches under the action of varying wave climates.

帮东河水库大坝趾板固结灌浆试验施工技术分析

以帮东河水库混凝土面板堆石坝为例,进行了现场固结灌浆试验,对试验灌浆效果进行分析评价,为正式生产固结灌浆提出符合规范标准的施工参数。结果表明:在灌浆前压水试验过程中,出现压入流量为70 L/min~90 L/min,孔口未反水,建议采用1∶1浆液进行开灌。该区内地下岩层较为松散、有大量裂隙、透水率高;设计灌浆压力作用下,压水试验(0.24 MPa)、灌浆过程中(0.3 MPa)趾板无抬动现象,可适当提高灌浆压力。此次试验灌浆效果较好,但耗浆量较大,建议就地取材掺入黏土或粉煤灰,降低成本,提高经济效益。试验孔经二次序钻灌大透水率明显降低,检查孔透水率合格,同样表明灌浆压力可适当提高。建议正式灌浆压力由原设计值0.3MPa提升至0.35MPa或0.4MPa,增加灌浆扩散范围,提升固结灌浆质量。对2个检查孔进行弹性波速质量检查,检测结果达标。

TRANSVERSE FORCES ON VERTICAL PILE IN REGULAR AND IRREGULAR WAVES

The magnitude and the fluctuating frequency of the total transverse wave forces, particularly those by irregular waves on an isolated pile are investigated experimentally. The results indicate that the transverse force (FL) is usually not negligible and the resultant force (FR) of the transverse force and the inline force may be 40% (in regular waves) or 18% (in irregular waves) larger than the inline force (F). The plots of FL/F, FR/F and several kinds of lift coefficient CL versus KC number are given for both regular waves and irregular waves. The methods for estimating the total transverse forces and resultant wave forces are suggested.

Response of Coastal Groundwater Table to Offshore Storms

Large groundwater table fluctuations were observed in a coastal aquifer during an offshore storm. The storm induced significant changes of the mean shoreline elevation, characterized by a pulse like oscillation. This pulse propagated in the aquifer, resulting in the water table fluctuations. A general analytical solution is derived to quantify this new mechanism of water table fluctuation. The solution is applied to field observations and is found to be able to predict reasonably well the observed storm induced water table fluctuations. Based on the analytical solution, the damping characteristics and phase shift of the oscillation as it propagates inland are examined.

Hydrodynamic Forces on Inclined Cylinder due to Waves with Crossing Current

Based on Morison's Equation and linear wave theory, hydrodynamic forces acting on inclined cylinders due to waves and crossing current at an angle of αs are analyzed. A method for calculating exciting forces is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed method in this paper is feasible and can be used in engineering practice.

Model Study of Permeable Caisson Breakwater with Slanting Slabs

This paper describes the design of a permeable caisson breakwater with slanting slabs (Types I and II) and presents some preliminary experimental results, together with relevant figures and tables. Analysis is made of the reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, acting wave pressures, water jetting at the crest of the breakwater, and wave overtopping. Experiments show conclusively that this type of breakwater has the advantages of light dead weight, good wave-absorbing performance, low coefficients of reflection and transmission, and small wave overtopping.

UNIFIED EQUIVALENT HARMONIC LOADING ON SEABED FOUNDATIONS UNDER RANDOM WAVE LOADING

In accordance with laboratory tests and theoretical analysis, the concept of unified equivalent harmonic wave loading is suggested and discussed in this paper. Such a concept may be more reasonable and widely applicable in offshore foundation engineering. A verification test has also been completed, in which the random wave loading and the corresponding unified equivalent loading were applied on soil samples. The test results show that the equivalent effect is satisfactory.

The study on the bottom friction and the breaking coefficient for typhoon waves in radial sand ridges—the Lanshayang Channel as an example

Owing to the interactions among the complex terrain, bottom materials, and the complicate hydrodynam-ics, typhoon waves show special characteristics as big waves appeared at the high water level （HWL） and small waves emerged at low and middle water levels （LWL and MWL） in radial sand ridges （RSR）. It is as-sumed that the mud damping, sandy bed friction and wave breaking effects have a great influence on the typhoon wave propagation in this area. Under the low wave energy, a mud layer will form and transport into the shallow area, thus the mud damping effects dominate at the LWL and the MWL. And high Collins coef-ficient （c around 1） can be applied to computing the damping effects at the LWL and the MWL. But under the high wave energy, the bottom sediment will be stirred and suspended, and then the damping effects disappear at the HWL. Thus the varying Collins coefficient with the water level method （VCWL） is imple-mented into the SWAN to model the typhoon wave process in the Lanshayang Channel （LSYC） of the RSR, the observed wave data under “Winnie” （“9711”） typhoon was used as validation. The results show that the typhoon wave in the RSR area is able to be simulated by the VCWL method concisely, and a constant wave breaking coefficient （γ） equaling 0.78 is better for the RSR where wide tidal flats and gentle bed slopes exist.

超声波组合工艺在水处理中的研究进展

超声空化技术处理水是一种高级氧化法,目前,使用超声空化和其它水处理技术组合,利用协同效应提高水处理效能,广受关注。分析了超声空化降解的机理和影响超声空化的因素。综述了超声化学氧化、超声光化学、超声电化学、超声波生物降解、超声膜过滤组合工艺、超声—吸附工艺、超声—水力空化组合工艺以及超声—絮凝组合工艺进行水处理的研究进展,在此基础上,对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议。

一种面向控制的振荡水柱波能装置等效数值模型

波浪能是海洋可再生能源中储量最为丰富的一种,而振荡水柱式(oscillating water column,OWC)波浪能发电装置是目前技术成熟度最高的波浪能装置类型之一。OWC数值模拟大部分基于计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法,主要用于装置的结构参数优化设计及动力学响应分析。为提高OWC的数值计算效率,便于开展发电装置的控制设计与优化,提出一种面向控制的OWC波浪能装置等效数值模型,并完成不同工况下的水池试验验证。该数值模型基于线性势流理论和Cummins方法,将振荡水柱等效为和水同密度刚体,并将动力输出装置(power take-off,PTO)和黏性效应等效为线性阻尼系数。通过对比数值模拟和水池试验结果,可以发现该模型能较好地预测规则波、不规则波与不同PTO下的OWC自由液面及功率输出等动态特性。在此基础上,完成OWC装置闭锁控制设计,并对比分析OWC的俘能效率。研究发现,该等效数值模型可有效提高计算效率,能较准确地预测OWC自由液面动态过程及功率输出。

水波中心扩散智能优化算法

基于水波扩散效应,提出了一种水波中心扩散算法(water wave center diffusion,WWCD)。着眼解决函数极值优化问题,以某个局部最优解为中心点,由近至远、由密至疏产生多组扩散解进行迭代寻优。通过合理设计扩散解的扩散比例、选择比例和跳跃比例等参数,提高算法的全局寻优效率,对比WWCD与6种智能优化算法极值优化问题的仿真结果,验证了前者在全局求解精度和收敛速度方面的优越性。聚焦雷达信号识别问题,WWCD优化支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)关键参数进行雷达信号识别实验。仿真结果表明,通过本算法优化SVM关键参数进行雷达信号识别,可明显提高识别效率。

黄河口粉土强度丧失与恢复过程现场振动试验研究

在黄河口潮坪上选择典型研究区,进行了模拟波浪荷载的现场振动试验,利用轻型静力触探仪测记振动前、振动刚刚结束以及静置一段时间后土体贯入阻力的强度值,研究了海床土强度的丧失、恢复过程及影响因素。研究结果发现:模拟波浪荷载振动导致土体强度丧失发生在海底面下一定深度范围内,强度丧失量和恢复量沿深度呈抛物线型变化。振动后,土体表面排出的水和细粒物质环绕振动点周围形成一系列微型“泥火山”。振动导致土强度最大恢复量值与强度最大丧失量值出现在同一深度处;振动结束 2 h 后,土体强度超过振动前原状土体强度,振动使土体强度丧失与恢复受土体曾经历的水动力作用强弱、振动前土体的原始强度、振动荷载的循环次数、振动能量大小、土体的深度、静置的时间等因素的影响显著。黄河口海床土体强度独特变化规律的成因机理有待进一步研究。

潜体波浪中近水面不同潜深和航向时运动和波浪力计算

本文对潜水细长体波浪中近水面运动和波浪力的计算 ,采用STF理论和Frank源分布紧密拟合方法预报波频运动和波浪力响应 ;采用Newman细长体方法和3-D修正处理计算垂直面低速潜体的二阶平均波浪力与力矩。该方法和计算程序的实用性和可靠性已经被多次模型试验结果比较、验证所证实。本文以某一国外典型潜艇为例 ,计算了七种潜深、七种相对浪向下艇体的近水面波频运动响应与波浪力响应 ,给出了几种运动与波浪力参数随潜深变化与浪向变化的计算实例。

海岸带波浪破碎区污染物运动的实验研究

由于波浪在岸滩上的演化、破碎使得污染物在海岸带的运动规律变得十分复杂。通过实验模拟,研究了缓坡海岸(坡度为1∶100和1∶40)波浪破碎区污染物的运动规律,给出了不同时刻污染物在该区域的运动变化趋势。讨论并分析了在斜向规则入射波、不规则入射波及不同入射波波高作用下污染物在沿岸波浪破碎区域的运动变化方向和相应的运动范围分布规律。给出并分析了近岸波浪破碎区域污染物运动分布规律。

二维数值水槽波浪生成过程及波浪形态分析

为了弥补物理模型试验投资大、模型相似性差等缺点,利用数学模型进行流体力学研究越来越普遍。基于物理水槽造波原理,在FLUENT流体软件中通过设定造波板边界的运动来模拟实际造波板的运动过程,实现了二维规则波的数值模拟,并给出了波高随造波板运动周期、振幅及坐标的变化规律。对波浪形态的分析表明,利用本文研究的数值模拟方法所生成的波浪符合实际造波形态。通过改变边界条件,用该方法也可以实现二维不规则波和随机波的数值模拟。