Water-based synthesis of nanoscale hierarchical metal-organic frameworks:Boosting adsorption and catalytic performance

The combination of nano sizes,large pore sizes and green synthesis is recognized as one of the most crucial and challenging problems in constructing metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).Herein,a water-based strategy is proposed for the synthesis of nanoscale hierarchical MOFs(NH-MOFs)with high crystallinity and excellent stability.This approach allows the morphology and porosity of MOFs to be fine tuned,thereby enabling the nanoscale crystal generation and a well-defined hierarchical system.The aqueous solution facilitates rapid nucleation kinetics,and the introduced modulator acts as a deprotonation agent to accelerate the deprotonation of the organic ligand as well as a structure-directing agent(SDA)to guide the formation of hierarchical networks.The assynthesized NH-MOFs(NH-ZIF-67)were assessed as efficient adsorbents and heterogeneous catalysts to facilitate the diffusion of guest molecules,outperforming the parent microZIF-67.This study focuses on understanding the NH-MOF growth rules,which could allow tailor-designing NH-MOFs for various functions.

A Diamond Electrochemical Cleaning Technique for Organic Contaminants on Silicon Wafer Surfaces

Peroxodiphosphate anion （a powerful oxidant） can be formed in a special water-based cleaning agent through an electrochemical reaction on boron-doped diamond electrodes. This electrochemical reaction was applied during the oxidation,decomposition, and removal of organic contaminations on a silicon wafer surface, and it was used as the first step in the diamond electrochemical cleaning technique （DECT）. The cleaning effects of DECT were compared with the RCA cleaning technique, including the silicon surface chemical composition that was observed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the morphology observed with atomic force microscopy. The measurement results show that the silicon surface cleaned by DECT has slightly less organic residue and lower micro-roughness,so the new technique is more effective than the RCA cleaning technique.

Rapid recovery of polycrystalline silicon from kerf loss slurry using double-layer organic solvent sedimentation method

The rapid development of photovoltaic （PV） industries has led to a shortage of silicon feedstock. However, more than 40% silicon goes into slurry wastes due to the kerf loss in the wafer slicing process. To effectively recycle polycrystalline silicon from the kerf loss slurry, an innovative double-layer organic solvent sedimentation process was presented in the paper. The sedimentation velocities of Si and SiC particles in some organic solvents were investigated. Considering the polarity, viscosity, and density of solvents, the chloroepoxy propane and carbon tetrachloride were selected to separate Si and SiC particles. It is found that Si and SiC particles in the slurry waste can be successfully separated by the double-layer organic solvent sedimentation method, which can greatly reduce the sedimentation time and improve the purity of obtained Si-rich and SiC-rich powders. The obtained Si-rich powders consist of 95.04% Si, and the cast Si ingot has 99.06% Si.

Recovery of Gold from Aqueous Solution Containing Au（Ⅲ） by Silicon Organic Polymer

The silicon organic polymer containing PSOT-3 （dioxothiocarbamide groups） has been synthesized and characterized, and the adsorption of Au（III） on PSOT-3 was investigated. The results showed that PSOT-3 had good adsorption capacity for Au（III）, and the adsorption of Au（III） was found to be the most effective in 0.1-0.3 mol/dm^3 hydrochloric acid solution. The adsorption is physical and the process is endothermic, and Freundlich isotherm fits the data better than the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption can be generally described by electrostatic interaction （Coulomb＇s force） between the adsorbent and the adsorbate. The high adsorption capacity of this sorbent has significant potential for gold recovery from aqueous solutions.

Analysis of an SME using Silicon and Flexible Organic Solar Cells as Replacements for Fossil Fuel Sources of Electricity in UK and Iraq

Currently, 86% of the energy originates from fossil fuelsforelectricity. These are expected to run out, causing severe environmental damage threatening future generations. The total impact of Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs） on the economy is significant. Solar cells harness the sun＇s energy to generate electricity in an environmentally friendly manner. This study compares silicon solar cells to flexible Organic Photovoltaic solar cells （OPV） for electricity energy for a micro-business in the UK and Iraq. It shows that it is feasible to replace existing fossil fuel sources with solar cells in Iraq due to a greater amount of solar radiation striking the earth＇s surface. Flexible solar cells can replace a proportion of the energy requirements in the UK and a larger proportion in Iraq. Using existing 20% efficient solar cells, 28% and 83% of the energy requirements of the microbusiness can be replaced in UK and Iraq respectively. Assuming 20% efficiency for solar cells placed on windows, 74% and 220% of the energy requirements of UK and Kurdistan can be replaced respectively and the surplus stored.

Thin Film Encapsulation at Low Temperature Using Combination of Inorganic Dyad Layers and Spray Coated Organic Layer

Organic devices have many advantages such as low material consumption and low energy requirements, but they have serious issues regarding long term stability. Hence we need to develop a barrier film which solves this problem. Initially, the organic devices were fabricated on glass and were encapsulated using glass and epoxy (as sealant). Gradually there was a need to shift on to flexible substrates which required encapsulation to be flexible as well. Therefore, the motivation of the work is to develop thin film encapsulation that can be made flexible. The low temperature PECVD grown films of SiOx and SiNxwere used as the barrier film. Alternate inorganic layers (2-dyads) provided barrier of ~10-2 g/m2 day and increasing the number of dyads to five improved the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) only by one order of magnitude. However, introducing organic layers in this structure resulted in WVTR value of order 10-5 g/m2 day. The organic layers were deposited by spray technique.

Preparation and Performance of the Hyperbranched Polyamine as an Effective Shale Inhibitor for Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Seeking effective solutions to control and mitigate the interaction between drilling fluids and clay formations has been a challenge for many years, and various shale inhibitors have shown excellent results in problematic shale formations around the world. Herein, the hyperbranched polyamine (HBPA) inhibitor with a higher ratio of amine groups and obvious tendentiousness in protonation was successfully synthesized from ethylenediamine, acryloyl chloride and aziridine by five steps, in which the metal-organic framework (MOF) was employed as a catalyst for ring-open polycondensation (ROP). The structure and purity were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) respectively. The HBPA displays more excellent performance than EDA and KCl widely applied in the oil field. After aging at 80°C and 180°C, the YP of a slurry system containing 25 wt.% bentonite and 2 wt.% HBPA are just 8.5 Pa and 5.5 Pa (wt.%: percentage of mass), respectively. The swelling lengths of 2 wt.% HBPA are estimated to be 1.78 mm, which falls by 70% compared with that of freshwater. Under a hot rolling aging temperature of 180°C, the HBPA system demonstrates a significant inhibition with more than 85% shale cuttings recovery rate and is superior to conventional EDA and KCl. Mechanism analysis further validates that the HBPA can help to increase the zeta potential.

脱硫石膏强度及耐水性改善方法研究综述

针对脱硫石膏强度及耐水性改善方法和改性机理做了系统的归纳与分析。详细阐述了水泥、各种矿物掺合料、有机硅防水剂以及其他有机乳液等对脱硫石膏及其复合胶凝材料的强度和耐水性的影响,对各种改性方法的作用机理、优点以及不足之处进行了讨论。结果表明:掺入适量的水泥和矿物掺合料时会生成水硬性产物,脱硫石膏的强度和耐水性得到一定的改善,但是掺入过量时会造成不利的影响;水泥、粉煤灰和脱硫石膏之间的比例变化会对胶凝体系的强度和耐水性产生较大的影响;有机硅防水剂可以在脱硫石膏表面形成一层疏水性薄膜,显著提升脱硫石膏的耐水性,当与矿物掺合料复合作用于脱硫石膏时可以得到更好的力学性能和耐水性能;其他类型的有机防水剂均能改善脱硫石膏的耐水性,但是大部分会改变脱硫石膏的晶体形貌,对脱硫石膏的强度和耐水性产生不利影响;目前脱硫石膏的改性材料都比较复杂,单独作用时综合性能不佳,需要进一步研究与探讨更加简单、有效的改性材料和方法。

纳米SiO_(2)复合粒子/有机硅低聚物透明超疏水复合涂层的制备及其性能

将Stöber法制备的胶体SiO_(2)粒子溶液与粉体SiO_(2)粒子进行物理共混得到SiO_(2)复合粒子溶液,以三乙氧基甲基硅烷(MTES)与正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体制备的酸性有机硅低聚物为黏结剂,使用3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅(KH540)与全氟癸基三甲基氧硅(PFDT)对其进行改性,通过喷涂法在玻璃基底上制备出SiO_(2)复合粒子/酸性有机硅低聚物复合透明超疏水涂层。考察了SiO_(2)复合粒子、酸性有机硅低聚物、KH540及PFDT对复合涂层的影响。结果表明,当SiO_(2)复合粒子溶液由粒径为110 nm的胶体SiO_(2)粒子溶液与粒径为50 nm的粉体SiO_(2)粒子(其用量为胶体SiO_(2)粒子溶液质量的1%)组成、SiO_(2)复合粒子溶液与酸性有机硅稀释液质量比为4∶1、KH540与PFDT的添加量(以混合液总质量计,下同)均为1%时,制备的复合涂层在可见光波长范围内透光率可达88%,静态接触角达155°,在800目砂纸上磨损60 cm后仍能保持超疏水性能,具有良好的自清洁性。

采用偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法快速测定汽油中有机硅元素的研究

介绍了采用偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定汽油中微量有机硅元素的方法。样品无需预处理,选用0~50μg/g的标准工作曲线,消除元素共存干扰影响,使用偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪测定汽油中微量有机硅元素。汽油中有机硅含量与荧光强度线性相关系数为0.9999,样品加标回收率为95.2%~115.4%,测定值的相对标准偏差为1.8%~10.1%(n=6),检出限为1.0μg/g。本方法有机硅元素测定结果与《GB/T33647-2017车用汽油中硅含量的测定电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法》相比较,具有很好的一致性,能够满足汽油中微量有机硅元素的快速测定要求。

一种适用羽毛球拍的抗菌有机硅密封胶性能测试研究

为提升羽毛球拍专用有机硅密封胶的抗菌性能,提出了一种融合C18-QAS抗菌剂的抗菌功能性有机硅密封胶材料。在聚硅氧烷基材的基础上导入C18-QAS抗菌剂,再通过硫化处理的方式制备出抗菌功能性有机硅密封胶。为验证抗菌功能性有机硅密封胶的综合性能,运用邵氏硬度计、拉力材料试验仪以及测角仪等设备对该材料的力学性能和亲疏水性能进行测试,通过乙酰接触法和甲苯平衡溶胀法对该材料的表干性能和交联密度进行测试,并根据测试结果来确定C18-QAS抗菌剂的合理掺量。经试验研究发现,当C18-QAS抗菌剂掺量为3%时,抗菌性有机硅密封胶的综合性能最为理想,可满足羽毛球拍在粘接密封工艺阶段的使用需求。

高强度速分散硅钙颗粒制备及团聚机理研究

以钙硅粉体为原料,添加木质素磺酸钙-壳聚糖有机黏结剂,通过圆盘造粒技术制备硅钙球团颗粒,考察黏结剂、木质素磺酸钙、壳聚糖添加量以及干燥温度等对硅钙球团颗粒抗压性能及速散性的影响,并对造粒工艺条件进行优化;借助于XRF、XRD、FTIR等技术对原料及样品进行表征,探究硅钙粉体团聚成粒的机理。结果表明,最佳成型造粒条件为:木质素磺酸钙添加量3.75%,壳聚糖1.25%,干燥温度115℃,颗粒团聚紧密,平均抗压强度为34.4 N,亲水基团加速了水分子向颗粒内部渗透,静水实验结果显示,51 s内样品可完全崩解。

催化裂解法处理多晶硅行业中的氯硅烷高沸物

使用有机胺类催化剂催化裂解多晶硅生产过程中副产的氯硅烷高沸物,考察了反应温度以及催化剂种类对高沸物催化裂解反应的影响并对反应机理进行了分析。结果表明,以N,N-二甲基苯胺为催化剂,反应温度130~135℃,反应时间1.5 h,催化剂用量8%时,单硅烷产物的收率可达79.99%。

ZSM-5分子筛对典型涂装VOCs的吸附性能及机理研究

通过水热法成功合成了一系列宽硅铝比(50、100、150、300、500、800、1500、3000)的ZSM-5分子筛,旨在研究其对涂装行业典型挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的吸附规律。同时,结合分子筛表面的酸性位点,以解析硅铝比对分子筛吸附性能的影响机制。实验结果表明,丙酮的吸附能力主要受自身极性、支链结构和分子筛表面酸位点的影响。而乙酸丁酯、苯乙烯、对二甲苯、苯、甲苯的吸附性能会同时受到自身的分子量、分子直径、极性、分子结构和官能团的影响,分子量和分子直径大、极性强且具有支链结构的VOCs更容易被ZSM-5分子筛吸附。这6种VOCs中,ZSM-5分子筛对丙酮的吸附效果最好,硅铝比对其吸附性能的影响也最大。这是因为丙酮比其他VOCs更容易吸附在Lewis酸位点上,硅铝比的改变会影响酸位点的数量。低硅铝比的分子筛由于具有较多的酸位点,更适用于丙酮的吸附。

水性丙烯酸涂层改性研究进展

简单阐述了水性丙烯酸树脂的单体结构、聚合方法以及应用现状;较为系统地总结了根据不同材料改性水性丙烯酸树脂的研究进展,改性材料可归纳为纳米材料、有机硅、有机氟、聚氨酯和环氧树脂以及一些新型材料等。重点论述了改性材料对水性丙烯酸树脂进行改性的反应机理、相应的微观结构及性能提高情况。展望了水性丙烯酸涂料发展的方向。

填充型有机硅基导热凝胶的制备和性能研究

以有机硅基热界面材料为研究对象,使用不同黏度配比的硅油作为基体,并以氧化铝和氧化锌作为导热填料,制备了一系列填充型有机硅导热凝胶样品。分别研究了凝胶成分对材料力学性能、导热性能以及点胶性能等的影响。研究结果表明:所制备的有机硅导热凝胶的热导率主要受导热填料的影响,当高黏度乙烯基硅油占比为50%时,导热凝胶的各项性能良好,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、邵氏硬度、热导率和挤出率分别达到0.37 MPa、184%、63.42、2.90 W/(m·K)和106.4 g/min。此外,本研究的导热凝胶样品在应对高温高湿环境和冷热循环试验表现良好,能满足行业要求,具备良好的应用前景和应用价值。

有机硅导热灌封胶的研究进展

有机硅导热灌封胶作为一种性能优异的密封材料,在很多的工业领域都有应用,有机硅导热灌封胶凭借其良好的导热性,优异的防护性在电子元器件的灌封保护方面得到大量应用。电子器件在使用过程中发热越来越多,进而对散热的要求越来越高,所以对灌封胶提出越来越多的要求。对于高导热、低粘度、低密度、具有阻燃功能并且粘接可靠的导热灌封胶的需求是一个趋势,围绕导热灌封胶的性能改进,概述了有机硅导热灌封胶性能改进方面的研究工作,并对未来的发展方向做出了展望。

增塑剂用量对有机硅塑性嵌缝密封材料性能的影响

塑性嵌缝密封材料在面板接缝止水中发挥着重要的作用。为克服现有塑性嵌缝密封材料低温硬化失去塑性变形能力的缺点,基于有机硅树脂制备了有机硅塑性嵌缝密封材料,研究了增塑剂(硅油)用量对有机硅塑性嵌缝密封材料密度、拉伸粘结性能、浸泡损失率、针入度、下垂度和流动止水长度的影响。结果表明:当增塑剂用量为140份时,有机硅塑性嵌缝密封材料综合性能满足DL/T 949—2005要求;且在-40℃时该材料针入度为199.2(1/10mm)、断裂伸长率为1152%、与混凝土界面未发生破坏,表现出优异的耐低温性能。

破碎地层护壁防塌剂研制及性能评价

针对顺北奥陶系碳酸盐岩地层揭开后坍塌掉块严重,遇阻卡钻频发的难题,以二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺及自制含甲氧基硅烷基团的有机硅单体为原料,合成了可与碳酸盐岩地层发生键合反应的抗高温有机硅护壁防塌剂SMHB-1。通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱及热重等表征了产物的分子结构及稳定性,并评价了其搭接抗剪切强度、降滤失性能及封堵性能等进行了研究。结果表明,1.5%SMHB-1溶液处理过的碳酸盐岩岩心片的搭接抗剪强度可达到0.2 MPa, 160℃老化16 h后1%SMHB-1可使4%土浆滤失量降低60.7%,SMHB-1可降低体系渗透率降约61.68%,并且与现场钻井液的配伍性能好。以SMHB-1为核心的水基护壁防塌钻井液体系在顺北X井奥陶系地层进行应用,奥陶系井壁稳定性好,没有掉块产生,扭矩平稳,起下钻顺利,无阻卡,试验井段平均井径扩大率8.6%~11.4%。

新型大功率IGBT用有机硅凝胶的性能

有机硅凝胶凭借其优异的耐热性能和机械性能,广泛应用于IGBT器件的封装。详细介绍了有机硅凝胶的基本性能,采用Arrhenius方程计算出硅凝胶的表观活化能为23.16kJ/mol,具有较好的反应活性,通过热重曲线分析硅凝胶在200℃内基本没有分解,具有良好的耐热性能。应用到大功率IGBT模块中,通过复杂的力学和电性能应用性测试后,IGBT模块仍有较好的稳定性。最后对灌封后的IGBT模块进行力学和热学仿真,热仿真的结壳热阻为0.1044℃/W,机械冲击仿真最大值为349.86MPa,随机振动仿真最大值为6.2002MPa。该研究也将为硅凝胶在大功率IGBT功率器件的封装设计中提供重要的实用信息。