Some Advances in the Application of Weathering and Cold-Formed Steel in Transmission Tower

Application of weathering and cold-formed steel in transmission lines can reduce steel consumption and environmental pollution. Some advances in the studies on the weathering and cold-formed steel in transmission tower are introduced. Firstly, corrosion-resistant tests of weathering steel samples under different simulating technical atmospheres were carried out separately for 240 hours. It shows that the corrosion degree of joint samples is higher than that of single chip samples, and the corrosion-resistant performance of weathering steel is superior to common carbon steel. The corrosion-resistance of weathering steel meets with the requirement of transmission tower. Secondly, experiments and finite element analysis for cold-formed angles and a 220kV prototype tower were completed, and the stability coeffi-cient fitting curves as well as the modification formulas of slenderness ratio for cold-formed members were determined. According to the structural characteristics of transmission towers, four sections of cold-formed angles with different sections and slenderness ratios were selected in this study. The finite element model well predicted the buckling behav-iour of the cold-formed members. Ultimate loads calculating by the fitting curve were well agreed to the experimental values, especially for the members with small slenderness ratios. Weight of the cold-formed steel tower can be reduced by more than 5 percent after considering the strength enhancement. Cost of the weathering and cold-formed steel transmission tower is nearly equivalent to that of hot-rolled steel tower with hot galvanizing.

Steel Tower Design for 500 kV Power Line in Indonesia

This paper briefly introduces the designand test of steel towers for 500 kV power linein Indonesia by our Institute. It specifiesdesign criteria, tower configurationarrangement and constitution, calculationand analysis of steel towers and the tests onthree prototypes. Experience obtained fromthis work, together with some opinions on theapplication of American "Guide for Designof Steel Transmission Towers", is presented.

Seismic Behavior Analysis of Steel Tower of Self-anchored Suspension Bridge

Self-anchored suspension bridge is composed of tower and its foundation, stiffened beam, main cable, sling, side pier and its foundation, auxiliary pier and its foundation. The performance and importance of the components of the bridge are different. The main tower of self-anchored suspension bridge is a very important component. Once the injury and damage occur under earthquake, it is not only difficult to inspect and repair, let alone replace. This paper calculates the seismic performance of self-anchored suspen-sion bridge steel tower based on the application of Wuhan Gutian Bridge steel tower.

Research on ETABS Steel Tower atop Building Structural System

Equipping steel tower atop building structural system at the top of high-rise buildings is applied increasingly. However, the earthquake disasters indicate that under seismic effect, the tower on the roof reacts strongly to the earthquake, and the gazebo is damaged greatly under the condition that major structure has no earthquake damage. Based on analyzing the characteristics and application methods of ETABS software, for engineering projects, the paper uses ETABS software and simplified calculation method to calculate and make comparison analysis on steel tower atop building structure. The analysis results indicate that the method established in the paper has higher accuracy, which can meet the engineering requirements.

New Technology of Installing the Attached Self-Climbing Tower Steel Gantry Cranes

The Liujiaxia Bridge is 536 m span steel truss stiffening Girder Bridge, tower with double-column steel concrete slructure, which is the world＇s largest diameter, the largest steel plate thickness of concrete pylon. Sarasota manufactured using standard pipe segment, group fight scene segment piecewise hoisting tower segment perfusion within the micro-expansion concrete construction technology, tower maximum height of 61.5 meters. This paper describes a piecewise Sarasota steel installation, piecewise perfusion within the micro-expansion concrete tower new construction method - attached to a self-climbing tower bridge ganlry crane mounted pylon construction technology of large steel components. Of the ＂entity attached to the pylon installation of equipment by section climb＂ design, composition and construction applications are described in detail.

Influence of rooftop telecommunication tower on set back-step back building resting on different ground slopes

In the hilly region due to scarcity of the plain area, buildings like set back-step back are more often used and also as a big surge in the telecommunication industries, rooftop tower adaptation is very common story nowadays. In the present study an analogy has been drawn to find out the influence of the rooftop telecommunication tower on the setback-step back building resting on ground at 20° and 30° slopes. A dynamic analysis has been performed and compared on the 4 legged angled section telecommunication tower which is located on the roof top of set back-step back building by varying positions of tower with the existing host structure built up on ground slope of 20° and 30° in both directions(X and Y).

Introduction to steel pylon hoisting of Taizhou Yangtze Bridge

Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge is the first three-pylon two-span suspension bridge in the world. The middle pylon adopts deep water caisson foundation. The superstructure of the middle pylon employs herringbone shape along the bridge, and portal shape in the transverse direction for the first time in China. In this paper, the basic construction procedure, equipment, construction steps, the key construction technologies and methods of steel pylon are introduced.

Brief Introduction to High Tower Structure Design for Large Crossing

This paper is a summary to introduce thehigh tower structure design. These towers areapproximately 100 m high for large rivercrossing projects on 220 kV and 500 kVdesigned by the East China Electric PowerDesign lnstitute (ECEPDI) since 1958.The paper also introduces thecharacteristics, technical and economicparameters of the four typical towersdesigned by ECEPDI such as the concretechimney-type tower, steel tubular tower,guyed tower and compound angle steel tower.

GFRP布无损加固输电铁塔角钢受力性能研究

针对现役输电铁塔在覆冰、风荷载、边坡变形等作用下可能存在承载力不足的问题,研究玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)布无损加固铁塔角钢的受力性能。首先,利用文献中的物理试验对加固钢材数值试验方法进行验证;其次,以铁塔角钢为研究对象,基于验证的数值试验方法建立72组有限元分析模型,探讨长细比、GFRP布粘贴层数、粘贴长度等因素对角钢极限承载力的影响;最后,推导并改进GFRP布角钢复合构件理论承载力计算方法。结果表明:不同长细比对构件极限承载力影响较大,当角钢长细比大于70时,加固后的承载力提升不明显;增加GFRP布粘贴层数,角钢承载力大幅提升,粘贴8层GFRP布的承载力提升率最高达41.03%;柱中GFRP布粘贴长度为75%与粘贴长度为100%的角钢极限承载力相比提升不大,仅为0.27%~2.10%;对推导的GFRP布角钢复合构件理论承载力计算方法引入修正系数后,数值试验与理论计算值相对误差缩小至-2.70%~1.77%,有效提升理论解计算精度。在对现役铁塔加固时,只需对角钢全长的75%粘贴6~8层GFRP布进行加固,且对于长细比λ≤70的角钢加固效果更好。

格构式钢管输电塔架的体型系数和雷诺数效应

采用天平测力风洞试验获得亚临界范围钢管塔架的体型系数,研究塔架体型系数随密实度的变化特征,基于规范数据拟合体型系数从亚临界到超临界条件下的雷诺数折算系数,基于试验结果开展塔架体型系数与规范值的对比.试验结果表明,相同密实度下横担的体型系数大于塔身,其原因为横担杆件长细比以及杆件前后的等效间距比均较大;在亚临界条件下塔身体型系数试验值与JEC-TR-00007—2015、DL/T 5551—2018和GB 50009—2012规范值接近,而横担体型系数大于各国规范值;亚临界和超临界条件下各国规范的钢管塔架体型系数随着密实度ϕ的增加而降低,使用最小二乘法拟合获得雷诺数折算系数为0.63+0.72ϕ;在超临界条件下,塔身的体型系数与DL/T 5551—2018、GB 50009—2012规范结果接近,横担的体型系数与IEC 60826—2017和ASCE MOP 74—2020规范结果接近.

矩形钢管混凝土束风机塔筒风振特性研究

随着风电资源优势区开发逐渐饱和,风电开发的重心开始向风资源条件相对恶劣的低风速地区转移,分布式、大功率、高塔筒和长叶片已经成为风电行业发展趋势。基于此提出了一种新型的矩形钢管混凝土束风机塔筒,该塔筒由矩形钢管混凝土束拼接而成,具有强度高、刚度大和耗能能力强的优点。为研究该塔筒结构的风振响应特性,选用Kaimal脉动风速功率谱,采用谐波合成法模拟风荷载时程曲线,对其进行了动力时程分析,并计算了风振系数及等效静力风荷载。结果表明:该新型塔筒在额定风速下位移塔顶位移最大值为911.84 mm,对应的水平位移角为1/154,符合规范要求。塔筒各构件的强度较好,且具有较大的安全富余度。基于位移等效的阵风荷载因子法计算得到的风振系数值较低;在惯性风荷载法计算得到的等效静力风荷载作用下,结构位移、基底剪力与结构随机振动分析得到的基本一致。

超高钢混风电塔筒液压导向系统研究

为了更加高效的利用高空风能,作为绿色清洁能源之一的风力发电,朝着风电机组单机容量越来越大、承载基础的塔筒建设高度越来越高的趋势发展。传统锥筒式全钢塔筒逐渐被预应力混凝土-钢组合塔筒所取代。预应力混凝土-钢组合塔筒兼具混凝土塔筒及钢塔筒两者的优势,具有承载力高、稳定性好、运输施工维护方便、建设成本低等特点,以适应较高高度风电场的需求,代表了未来风电塔筒结构发展的方向。由于高空风载荷大、风电机组的偏心载荷大等不利因素,导致提升过程中产生大弯矩和扭转的工况。因此,导向问题已成为预应力混凝土-钢组合塔筒建设中需要首先解决的技术难题。针对这一难题,创新研制了超高钢混风电塔筒导向液压系统,结合传感检测和智能控制算法,克服上述不利因素,依次将混凝土内塔筒和中塔筒提升到位,高质量地实现了国内陆上最高的国家电投鲁阳170 m高的风电钢混塔筒的安装。

厂区布置对钢塔自然通风空冷凝汽器性能的影响

利用计算传热学(NHT)软件FLUENT,在自然通风状态下,对2×350MW机组钢结构外覆铝板冷却塔及直接空冷凝汽器(DACC)的流动和换热性能进行了数值模拟、分析和研究。确定了考核工况,不同环境风向下,周边建筑物对DACC和钢塔性能的影响。结果表明,两机一塔水平矩形布置方式下,平行于A列的来风对钢塔通风和DACC换热有负面影响。不考虑风向频率时,各风向下周边建筑物对DACC总体换热影响约为2.4%。在电厂总平面布置时,应尽量使厂区主导风向避开不利风向,汽机房空冷塔间距还需综合其它因素确定。

输电线路钢管塔典型节点涡激振动疲劳性能试验研究

在输电线路运行过程中,钢管塔杆件涡激振动是节点部位产生疲劳裂纹主要原因之一。为揭示钢管塔典型节点疲劳破坏机理,获取节点的S-N曲线,开展钢管塔两种典型节点的涡激振动疲劳试验。设计节段模型试件,并通过数值计算方法验证其等效性,设计加载装置与加载制度,开展针对C型节点与X型节点的疲劳试验。结果表明:钢管塔典型节点的疲劳热点位于结构连接焊缝的焊趾处,疲劳荷载多次作用之后,在疲劳热点处形成向两侧扩展的疲劳裂纹,当裂纹达到临界尺寸时,试件迅速断裂;根据第一外推点应变幅值变化曲线,可将节点疲劳破坏过程大致分为弹性阶段、塑性阶段与破坏阶段,应变幅值转折点对应的加载次数可以作为节点的疲劳寿命;得到了钢管塔C型与X型节点的95%存活率下的热点应力幅-疲劳寿命曲线,为特高压输电线路钢管塔工程设计提供参考。

四塔支承超大直径圆环复杂结构设计

上海临港新片区新建一幢地标建筑,该建筑为四幢46.8 m高的塔楼支承一个直径150 m、高度8.6 m的超大直径圆环,结构复杂。结构主要特点是超大直径圆环内侧采用倒三角形空间桁架、楼面梁采用变截面悬挑钢梁,四幢塔楼采用钢框架-屈曲约束支撑-屈曲约束钢板墙结构体系,超大直径圆环和四幢支承塔楼之间采用一个对角铰接、另一个对角滑动支座加黏滞阻尼器的连接方式。由于建筑师的要求,超大直径圆环横截面为外侧开口的C形截面,如何克服圆环外侧开口带来的扭转作用是设计难点。主要进行了支承塔楼的结构设计和计算分析,超大直径圆环的结构选型和抗扭性能研究,圆环和支承塔楼连接设计,支承塔楼和圆环组成的整体结构计算分析,整体结构大震下弹塑性时程分析。设计和研究成果可为圆环结构、多个塔楼共同支承一个上部结构等类似工程设计提供借鉴。

钢拱塔斜拉桥的温度耦合效应和索力预测

钢拱塔斜拉桥的受力体系与传统斜拉桥有所不同,为研究环境温度变化对这种异形桥塔斜拉桥主要受力部件的影响,以某钢拱塔斜拉桥为工程背景,首先基于在线监测获取的环境和部件温度数据,分析斜拉索索力、拱塔倾角和主梁应变的温度时变效应;然后以斜拉索为研究对象,通过该桥的有限元模型升降温模拟,分析各部件温差引起的温度耦合效应对拉索索力的影响;最后以环境温度、主梁温度、桥塔温度为输入,索力为输出,利用长短期记忆神经网络对实测索力-温度数据进行映射,实现数据压缩和特征提取,建立温度-索力预测模型,再对网络模型输入新的温度监测数据,以预测索力。研究结果表明:主梁和钢拱塔温度变化具有周期性,且滞后于环境温度;主梁应变与环境温度的变化趋势基本一致但具有一定的滞后性,环境温度变化对拱塔倾角的影响很小且没有周期性规律;索力与环境温度呈线性负相关,且需要考虑斜拉桥各部件的温差所引起的温度耦合效应;长短期记忆神经网络对带有时序特性的数据训练效果好,建立的温度-索力关系模型准确度高,可用于该桥索力的实时预测。

基于视觉传感器的钢管塔焊缝特征提取方法

为了快速、准确地提取输电钢管塔纵向焊缝的特征点,提出一种基于视觉传感器的钢管塔焊缝特征提取方法。通过激光视觉传感器采集焊缝图像,利用中值滤波、顶帽变换去除焊缝图像中因坡口表面弧光反射所产生的干扰信息,采用基于灰度值累加法和最小距离划分感兴趣区域,采用灰度重心法提取中心线,采用坐标法和Hough变换相结合提取特征点。试验表明,该方法能够稳定、准确地提取钢管塔焊缝的特征点,提取的焊缝特征点与实际焊点的误差均不大于0.23 mm,为基于视觉传感器的焊缝跟踪系统研究奠定了基础。

斜拉桥V形钢塔-混凝土基座结合构造方式比选

某人行景观桥为空间异型钢塔斜拉桥,主塔中2根箱型钢柱在四棱台混凝土基座上方交汇呈非对称V形,钢柱轴线与其底端钢-混连接面不垂直,基座尺寸严格受制于河道防洪要求,使塔根-基座结合部构造方式设计具有挑战性。按照造价相当的标准初步拟定3种结合方案,采用ABAQUS软件分别建立相应的有限元模型,选取塔底支座反力中平面内外弯矩绝对值相加最大的组合进行模拟计算及其结果比较和对标检验。研究结果表明:承压-传剪组合式结合部可以大幅度减小桥塔根部、基座及其中锚箱的应力,使其合理满足相关规范要求。就塔根最大位移和应力幅而言,均为传剪式最大、组合式最小。组合式方案中承压板厚度较承压式减小1/3,应力虽有上升却未超限,材料利用率提高。承压式、特别是传剪式构造方案中,混凝土基座最大主拉应力远超规范限值,无法满足抗裂要求。传剪式方案中锚箱钢板Mises应力也超限22%,且与其竖向压应力和混凝土主拉应力的最大值处于同一位置。传剪式方案不适用的原因是,锚箱中侧面竖板间距太小,矩形板与柱壁连接屈从于不利构造特点,形成大转折。无论应力大小还是变形控制,组合式方案都值得优先选择。研究成果直接服务于本工程,对类似工程也有一定的参考价值。

基于神经网络的输电塔钢管构件涡激振动幅值预测方法

输电塔中长细比较大的钢管构件容易发生低风速下的涡激振动,鉴于传统风洞试验和数值模拟研究方法存在的成本高、周期长的局限,该文提出了一种基于神经网络的输电塔钢管构件涡激振动幅值高效预测方法。为获取训练模型所需的数据集,发展了适用于任意插板形式、几何尺寸的钢管构件涡激振动响应分析方法;结合多种神经网络模型(BPNN、PSO-BPNN、RBFNN、GRNN)以及性能评价指标,建立了基于神经网络的输电塔钢管构件涡激振动幅值预测方法;通过算例对某C型插板和十字型插板钢管构件涡激振动幅值进行了预测。研究表明:通过与试验结果的对比,验证了该文输电塔钢管构件涡激振动响应分析方法的准确性,对于C型和十字型插板钢管构件VIV幅值的相对误差分别为3.84%和5.87%,利用该方法可为神经网络模型提供可靠样本;通过7折10次交叉验证优化超参数后的4种神经网络模型,均表现出较好的预测精度;相比之下,GRNN在C型插板和十字型插板钢管构件算例中均呈现出最佳的泛化能力,其R2值分别为0.989和0.992;采用GRNN方法可以较好地预测C型和十字型插板钢管构件在不同质量阻尼比参数下的VIV幅值,且在计算效率上相比于CFD方法具有明显的优势。

广州南沙国际金融论坛永久会址主体结构设计

广州南沙国际金融论坛永久会址属于大型复杂会议类建筑,具有大底盘双塔、钢屋盖连体、大开洞、竖向质心偏移、大跨结构等多项不规则项。介绍了结构重力体系和抗侧体系的选型思路,主体结构选用混凝土框架+屈曲约束支撑体系,外表皮采用空间钢结构。重点分析了单塔与整体结构的差异以及钢屋盖对下部双塔的影响。通过弹塑性分析,对大震作用下各个时程点的损伤水平进行评估,对大开洞的楼板进行了地震及温度作用下的楼板应力分析;对大跨桁架进行了抗连续倒塌分析。结果表明结构可满足大震不倒的要求,支撑承载力能充分发挥,大底盘结构具有良好的基座支撑特性。