APPLICATION OF SIMILARITY PRINCIPLE TO STRATIFICATION THEORY STUDY IN GRAVITY CONCENTRATION

The stratification processes have been studied by the application of the similarity principle, and the similarity criteria has also been derived.Two possible π-equations were deduced from the experimental results.The approach of the π-equation to predict separating results and to control the separating processes is presented with examples.

Similarity principle of microwave argon plasma at low pressure

In order to validate the similarity principle of microwave breakdown, a two-dimensional （2D） fluid model of low- pressure microwave argon plasma is established and solved by the finite-element method. Proportional conditions are used in this model to build three different breakdown processes that meet the premise of a similarity principle, and these breakdown processes are called ＂similar cases＂ in this paper. Similar cases have proportionately sized breakdown regions, where the ratio of frequency of incident microwave f to gas pressure p （f/p）, and the reduced field E/p in them are kept the same. All the important physical parameters such as electron density, electron temperature, and reduced electric field can be obtained from the simulation of this model. The results show that the parameters between similar cases are in constant ratio without changing with time, which means that the similarity principle is also valid in microwave breakdown.

Experimental Study and Simulation Principles of An Oil-Gas Multiphase Transportation System

Presented is an experimental study on the performance of an oil-gas multiphase transportation system, especially on the multiphase flow patterns, multiphase pumping and multiphase metering of the system. A dynamic simulation analysis is conducted to deduce simulation parameters of the system and similarity criteria under simplified conditions are obtained. The reliability and feasibility of two-phase flow experiment with oil and natural gas simulated by water and air are discussed by using the similarity criteria.

Static rough similarity degree and its applications

The definition of rough similarity degree is given based on the axiomatic similarity degree, and the properties of rough similarity degree are listed. Using the properties of rough similarity degree, the method of clustering in rough systems can be obtained. After clustering, a new sample can be recognized by the principle of maximal rough similarity degree.

Rough similarity degree and rough close degree in rough fuzzy sets and the applications

Based on rough similarity degree of rough sets and close degree of fuzzy sets, the definitions of rough similarity degree and rough close degree of rough fuzzy sets are given, which can be used to measure the similar degree between two rough fuzzy sets. The properties and theorems are listed. Using the two new measures, the method of clustering in the rough fuzzy system can be obtained. After clustering, the new fuzzy sample can be recognized by the principle of maximal similarity degree.

Holographic Principle and Large Scale Structure in the Universe

A reasonable representation of large scale structure, in a closed universe so large it’s nearly flat, can be developed by extending the holographic principle and assuming the bits of information describing the distribution of matter density in the universe remain in thermal equilibrium with the cosmic microwave background radiation. The analysis identifies three levels of self-similar large scale structure, corresponding to superclusters, galaxies, and star clusters, between today’s observable universe and stellar systems. The self-similarity arises because, according to the virial theorem, the average gravitational potential energy per unit volume in each structural level is the same and depends only on the gravitational constant. The analysis indicates stellar systems first formed at z ≈ 62, consistent with the findings of Naoz et al., and self-similar large scale structures began to appear at redshift z ≈ 4. It outlines general features of development of self-similar large scale structures at redshift z < 4. The analysis is consistent with observations for angular momentum of large scale structures as a function of mass, and average speed of substructures within large scale structures. The analysis also indicates relaxation times for star clusters are generally less than the age of the universe and relaxation times for more massive structures are greater than the age of the universe.

电路的量纲模型与相似性原理和对偶性原理

宇宙量纲模型的思想适用于任何系统,物理系统适用,电路系统也同样适用。系统地分析总结了电路运行的基本原理,确定了电路系统的量纲,提出了电路的量纲模型、相似性原理和对偶性原理及规律拓展性原理等概念,并给出了相似性原理和对偶性原理的一些应用实例。

模拟软岩蠕变特性相似材料的研制及试验分析

为快速、有效地反映软岩介质的蠕变特性,根据模型试验的相似原理,通过配比和力学试验,研制出一种具有快速蠕变特性的软岩相似材料,它由沥青、河砂、铁粉和橡胶粉按一定配比搅拌压实而成。瞬时抗压强度测定、弹性模量测定,以及分级加载下的单轴蠕变试验表明:相似材料的物理参数变化范围大,具有瞬时弹性特征;轴向蠕变过程具有衰减、等速和加速蠕变三个阶段特性;相似材料能在短时间内模拟软岩蠕变特性。有望为软岩工程提供一种短期、高效、准确的软岩蠕变新模型。

高温气冷堆主氦风机变阻力工况调试方法

高温气冷堆主氦风机调试期间,由于一回路阻力低于设计工况,因而主氦风机无法完成全转速范围性能测试。基于主氦风机的理论特性与相似原理开发主氦风机不同阻力工况调试参数的推算方法。结合主氦风机单体试验工况点,准确推算主氦风机冷态与热态性能试验的工况点参数,并指导完成高温气冷堆主氦风机全转速、满功率性能测试。通过对主氦风机调试与出厂试验结果的对比分析,验证本推算方法的可行性,并给出空气介质与氦气介质工况转换的修正因子。通过主氦风机调试与运行数据的对比分析,可以看出本文提供的主氦风机调试工况具有足够的包络性,能够覆盖高温气冷堆运行期间主氦风机的所有运行工况,证明了本文提供的变阻力工况主氦风机调试方法满足高温气冷堆主氦风机性能验证需求,可用于指导后续高温气冷堆的主氦风机调试工作。

基于相似原理的基板玻璃铂金通道澄清物理模拟试验研究

玻璃液澄清作为基板玻璃生产关键工艺环节,其运行环境温度高且有耐火材料包覆,包括一系列物理与化学反应,过程非常复杂,无法进行在线研究。为实现对基板玻璃澄清排泡过程的研究,基于相似原理,构建铂金通道澄清物理模拟试验模型,借助澄清物理试验模型对玻璃液澄清排泡过程进行试验验证,为大流量下铂金本体设计和澄清工艺探究提供参考依据。

基于量纲分析的深埋硬岩相似材料研究

为获得具有岩爆倾向性的深埋灰岩相似模型,基于量纲分析方法引入岩爆能量原理建立岩爆相似准则,参考原岩相关参数结合岩爆相似准则推算相似模型对应的原岩目标相关参数。引入岩爆倾向性指数、弹性能和耗散能,以石英粉含量、重晶石粉含量、石膏水泥质量比、水含量为影响因素采用4因素5水平的正交试验方案,进行单轴抗压试验得到各项参数。对试验结果进行敏感性分析并将优选试件进行二次优化试验完善配比,将试件与目标相似模型参数误差降低在10%以内,结果表明,二次优化后的模型试件与目标相似模型误差为5%。对优化后的试件设置不同的冲击速度进行动态冲击力学试验,其峰值应力规律符合灰岩动态破坏时规律,为灰岩室内静力学与动力学相关研究提供参考。

王真以道家思想言兵与《孙子》思想的会通

唐代王真以道家思想言兵,在中国兵学史上具有重要的地位。文章在深入分析老子道家思想和孙子兵家思想的基础上,从三个方面比较了王真言兵主张与孙子思想的会通之处及不同特色,充分肯定了儒、道、兵三家思想融合的思想价值。其主要内容为:王真的反战观念与《孙子》的慎战思想;王真的政治战略思想与《孙子》的全胜思想;王真的军事谋略思想与孙子的兵者诡道思想。

冷态风量标定的工况选择方法

为保证燃煤机组锅炉表盘风量的准确,需对其进行冷态风量标定。以某机组二次风冷态风量标定为例,分别根据冷热态气流差压相等(动量相等)、风速相等、质量流量相等计算冷态标定参数。由计算结果可知,不同冷热态风量的气流流动相似,风量修正系数一致,只进行一个工况的冷态风量标定即可。但为验证测量装置的线性相关性需进行多个工况的冷态风量标定,且以冷热态气流差压相等选择冷态风量标定工况为宜,即冷态风量质量流量约为热态风量质量流量的1.4倍。实际测试中冷热态不同工况风量修正系数不一致的主要原因是风门开度不同。

不同转速下轴向柱塞泵效率分析与研究

应用相似原理,推导出几何相似的轴向柱塞泵容积效率和机械效率的无因次变量表达式,根据已有参数计算出不同转速下泵的效率,为液压系统节能控制提供数据支持。

Principle of nonlinear chemical fingerprint by using dissipative components in samples as well as calculation and evaluation of similarity

Under the conditions of constant temperature and pressure,different influences of samples with different chemical components on the mechanism of nonlinear chemical reaction will cause different changes of the potential-time relationship curve of the nonlinear chemical reaction system.Using it as the character,and using the B-Z nonlinear chemical system to use acetone and substrates in samples as main dissipative substances qua an example,the principle of nonlinear chemical fingerprint has been researched and discussed in detail.At the same time,the general method for calculating the system similarity about nonlinear chemical fingerprint was also put forward,and similarities of nonlinear chemistry fingerprints of different batches of Guhan Yangshengjing and 18 sorts of other samples were calculated by Euclidean distance,correlation coefficient,included angle cosine and system similarity,at the same time,the various similarities were analyzed.The results showed that,both of correlation coefficient and included angle cosine are unable to be used as the criterion for quantitatively evaluating the similarity of nonlinear chemistry fingerprint;as non-parametric similarity,Euclidean distance can accurately reflect the feature differences in the fingerprints,but as parametric similarity,sometimes,Euclidean distance can not accurately reflect the relative extent of characteristic difference in the nonlinear chemical fingerprints;system similarity can most truthfully reflect the characteristic difference in the nonlinear chemical fingerprints,and is the best evaluating method among the four ones.Therefore,system similarity can be used to quantitatively calculate the similar extent between the nonlinear chemical fingerprints.An economical,simple and convenient,easy pushing and effective method for identifying and evaluating complicated samples has successfully been put forward.

对羁押及类似措施的法教义学解读及反思——以人身自由权保护为视角

人身自由不受侵犯是宪法明文规定的基本权利。在刑事诉讼中,人身自由权的保护尤其需要体现在剥夺人身自由的强制措施中。刑事拘留、指定居所、逮捕和羁押均对人身自由权构成了严重的干预,因此应符合宪法正当化事由,主要包括法律保留原则、比例原则和特殊的程序保障机制。指定居所违反了法律保留原则,剥夺人身自由的措施不应交由办案机关自行创设。刑事拘留作为紧急情况下适用的临时性强制措施,剥夺人身自由最长可达37天,显然手段与目的不成比例。逮捕应充分考虑干预手段的严重性以及国家所追求干预目的的重要性和紧迫性。羁押应是调查和起诉刑事犯罪的最后手段。如果采取干预强度较低的措施亦可避免犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃跑、妨碍司法公正等,则应尽量少捕慎押,这亦符合当下的刑事政策。羁押或类羁押作为“必要之恶”的最后手段,如何谨慎且谦抑地适用,还需要判例形成更细致化的判断标准,以限制个案运用的模糊空间。

Flows’ Similarities between Tornadoes or Cyclones Kinematics and Motions Resulting from Weather Phenomena Coupling Geostrophic Wind with Passive Convection

Tornadoes and cyclones, as is stated in numerous literary and audiovisual works dedicated to these out of balance physical systems, are two powerful and spectacular atmospheric phenomena whose vertical and horizontal profiles of winds and temperatures are not yet well known. Indeed, data and routine observations accumulated in the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) databases, regardless of their diversity and perfection of the instruments used to achieve these data (e.g. satellites, onboard cameras, wind profilers, ultra modern calculators, etc.), offer mind-blowing performances on the extent of damage caused by these disturbances, but information provided by these ground and space based observations will never allow access to real profiles of winds associated with tornadoes and cyclones both at the ground’s surface and aloft. The works recently carried out by C. Mbane Biouele allow us to discover that winds associated with tornadoes and hurricanes result from vectors addition of troposphere’s horizontal geostrophic winds and vertical movements associated with passive convection. Unfortunately, geostrophic wind and passive convection are two familiar meteorological phenomena described with much awkwardness and monumental mistakes by all scientific books written by authors who have remained loyal to Hadley principle which states (for centuries) that hot air is lighter than cold air. It is very important to know that C. Mbane Biouele’s very recent publications demonstrate that Hadley principle is not valid in the troposphere’s regions occupied by Ferrell cells. Indeed, it is urgent for the development of meteorology to highlight with great insistence to everyone that there is a Physics principle diametrically opposed to popular Hadley one which provides thermodynamic reasons of the formation of Ferrell cells. This Principle will be named Mbane Biouele Principe and be clearly stated in this paper.

融合相似性原理的涡轮叶型流场预测方法研究

计算流体力学(CFD)方法是涡轮叶片等设计阶段性能评估的重要手段.然而,基于CFD的数值仿真方法通常比较耗时,难以满足涡轮叶型设计阶段快速迭代的需求.为实现快速性能评估并克服纯数据驱动预测模型泛化能力不足的问题,受到物理增强的机器学习思路的启发,将相似性原理与深度学习模型相结合,提出了一种泛化能力强的涡轮叶型流场预测新方法.以涡轮叶片表面等熵马赫数分布预测为例,提出采用相似性原理对叶型几何变量和气动参数进行归一化,进而在归一化参数空间构建训练样本集与深度学习预测模型,由此建立统一的流场预测模型,对几何尺寸、边界条件差异较大的叶型气动性能进行评估.在完成模型训练后,对归一化条件下不同工况/不同形状叶型的流场、真实环境下不同工况/不同尺寸叶型的流场以及GE-E3低压涡轮不同截面叶型的流场进行预测,结果表明预测结果的分布曲线与CFD评估结果吻合良好,平均相对误差在1.0%左右,由此验证了所提出的融合相似性原理的流场预测模型的精度与泛化能力.

下部钻柱扭摆运动的力学特性实验研究

国内钻柱扭摆减阻技术尚不成熟,缺乏钻柱扭摆减阻的理论研究和试验数据的支撑。为此,利用相似参数搭建扭摆运动钻柱力学特性试验平台,通过试验分析了地面扭矩传递范围、反扭矩作用范围,以及扭摆作用对载荷传递的影响、扭摆角度对载荷传递的影响、扭摆速度对载荷传递的影响。试验平台测试结果表明,适当增加扭摆角度和扭摆速度有利于钻压平稳,保持工具面稳定。

基于相似原理的液压泵重量估算方法研究

液压系统是机载机电系统中的重要组成部分,飞机对液压系统的装机重量有严格要求。液压元件的重量直接影响到了液压系统的整体装机重量,提前对重要液压元件进行重量估计是元件设计阶段必须考虑的问题。提出了一种基于相似原理的液压泵重量估计方法,利用pv值作为液压泵重量估计的重要约束条件,将液压泵重量估计的几何参数的相似比转换为性能参数的相似比,从而直观的进行任意参数液压泵的重量估计。通过对大量液压泵重量参数的统计,拟合出液压泵重量与功率和流量的匹配关系,并设计制造了液压泵进行试验称重,结果表明,基于相似原理的液压泵重量估计误差可以控制在4.8%以内,为机载液压系统重量估计提供了一种新的参考。