Tracing of natural gas migration by light hydrocarbons:A case study of the Dongsheng gas field in the Ordos Basin,NW China

Based on the analysis of light hydrocarbon compositions of natural gas and regional comparison in combination with the chemical components and carbon isotopic compositions of methane,the indication of geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons on the migration features,dissolution and escape of natural gas from the Dongsheng gas field in the Ordos Basin is revealed,and the effect of migration on specific light hydrocarbon indexes is further discussed.The study indicates that,natural gas from the Lower Shihezi Formation(Pix)in the Dongsheng gas field displays higher iso-C5-7contents than n-C5-7contents,and the C6-7light hydrocarbons are composed of paraffins with extremely low aromatic contents(<0.4%),whereas the C7light hydrocarbons are dominated by methylcyclohexane,suggesting the characteristics of coal-derived gas with the influence by secondary alterations such as dissolution.The natural gas from the Dongsheng gas field has experienced free-phase migration from south to north and different degrees of dissolution after charging,and the gas in the Shiguhao area to the north of the Borjianghaizi fault has experienced apparent diffusion loss after accumulation.Long-distance migration in free phase results in the decrease of the relative contents of the methylcyclohexane in C7 light hydrocarbons and the toluene/n-heptane ratio,as well as the increase of the n-heptane/methylcyclohexane ratio and heptane values.The dissolution causes the increase of isoheptane values of the light hydrocarbons,whereas the diffusion loss of natural gas in the Shiguhao area results in the increase of n-C5-7contents compared to the iso-C5-7contents.

Structure and Migration Characteristic of Heterointerfaces During the Phase Transformation from L1_2 to DO_(22) Phase

Based on the microscopic phase-field model, the structure and migration characteristic of ordered domain interfaces formed between DO22 and L12 phase are investigated, and the atomistic mechanism of phase transformation from L12 （Ni3Al） to DO22 （Ni3V） in Ni75AlxV25-x alloys are explored, using the simulated microstructure evolution pictures and the occupation probability evolution of alloy elements at the interface. The results show that five kinds of heterointerfaces are formed between DO22 and L12 phase and four of them can migrate during the phase transformation from L12 to DO22 except the interface （002）D//（001）L. The structure of interface （100）D//（200）L and interface （100）D//（200）L·^1/2[001] remain the same before and after migration, while the interface （002）D//（002）L is formed after the migration of interface （002）D//（002）L·^1/2[100] and vice versa. These two kinds of interface appear alternatively. The jump and substitute of atoms selects the optimization way to induce the migration of interface during the phase transformation, and the number of atoms needing to jump during the migration is the least among all of the possible atom jump modes.

Optimization of the seismic processing phase-shift plus finite-difference migration operator based on a hybrid genetic and simulated annealing algorithm

Although the phase-shift seismic processing method has characteristics of high accuracy, good stability, high efficiency, and high-dip imaging, it is not able to adapt to strong lateral velocity variation. To overcome this defect, a finite-difference method in the frequency-space domain is introduced in the migration process, because it can adapt to strong lateral velocity variation and the coefficient is optimized by a hybrid genetic and simulated annealing algorithm. The two measures improve the precision of the approximation dispersion equation. Thus, the imaging effect is improved for areas of high-dip structure and strong lateral velocity variation. The migration imaging of a 2-D SEG/EAGE salt dome model proves that a better imaging effect in these areas is achieved by optimized phase-shift migration operator plus a finite-difference method based on a hybrid genetic and simulated annealing algorithm. The method proposed in this paper is better than conventional methods in imaging of areas of high-dip angle and strong lateral velocity variation.

In-situ observations on interphase boundary migration and grain growth during α/γ phase transformation in iron-4.2%Cr alloy

In-situ observations on α/γ phase transformation were made to study the effects of grain boundary microstructures on the formation of a new phase and the migration of α/γ interphase boundary in an iron4. 2%Cr alloy. It was found that triple junctions with more random boundaries could be the primary nucleation sites for a new phase, while triple junctions with low angle or low ∑ coincidence boundaries did not play any role as preferential sites. The migration of α/γ interphase boundary during heating over the transformation temperature range showed the two stage behaviour characterized by a stage with a migration velocity of 0. 33-0. 75 mm/s and secondly by a stage with 3. 7-7. 6 mm/s. It was also found that abnormal grain growth and a high density of ∑3 coincidence boundaries could occur in a phase with bcc structure after cycling of α/γ phase transformation. A new mechanism of nucleation and growth of a new phase in α/γ phase transformation is proposed on the basis of roles of plane-matching interphase boundaries, as previously discussed on the origin of anisotropy of grain growth due to the migration of {110} plane-matching boundaries in Fe-3z%Si alloy. The most recent theoretical work on the distribution of plane-matching boundaries in solids with different crystal structures was found to be useful for the understanding of nucleation and growth during α/γ phase transformation.

Effect of elasticity mismatch on cell deformation and migration：A phase-field study

The phase-field model for cell migration is used to study the effect of elasticity mismatch on the migration dynamics of multiple cells in a confluent monolayer, where one tagged cell is embedded by a number of normal cells and both types of cells are supposed to have the same properties except elasticity. Our results show that a larger elasticity mismatch leads to a larger difference in shape change between the tagged cell and the normal cells. We find that the bursts of velocity always fall behind the peak of the perimeter, and the shape change of the tagged cell results in the accelerated motion of the tagged cell in the whole process. Moreover, the variation of the averaging cell perimeter ratio ˉLtag/ˉLnormalwith the increase of the elasticity ratio γtag/γnormal for different active velocities ｜a｜ is analyzed. We find thatˉLtag/ˉLnormaldecreases with the increase of γtag/γnormal, following a simple power law function. Our results highlight the important role played by the cell elasticity mismatch in cell deformation and migration.

The cooperative migration dynamics of particles correlates to the nature of hexatic-isotropic phase transition in 2D systems of corner-rounded hexagons

In the two-dimensional(2D)melting transition of colloidal systems,the hexatic-isotropic(H-I)transition can be either first-order or continuous.However,how particle dynamics differs at the single-particle level during these two different melting transitions remains to be disclosed.In this work,by Brownian dynamics(BD)simulations,we have systematically studied the dynamic behavior of corner-rounded hexagons during the H-I transition,for a range of corner-roundness𝜁=0.40 to 0.99 that covers the crossover from the continuous to first-order nature of H-I transition.The results show that hexagons with𝜁≤0.5 display a continuous H-I transition,whereas those with𝜁≥0.6 demonstrate a first-order H-I transition.Dynamic analysis shows different evolution pathways of the dominant cluster formed by migrating particles,which results in a droplet-like cluster structure for𝜁=0.40 hexagons and a tree-like cluster structure for𝜁=0.99 hexagons.Further investigations on the hopping activities of particles suggest a cooperative origin of migrating clusters.Our work provides a new aspect to understand the dependence of the nature of H-I transition on the roundness of hexagons through particle dynamic behavior.

Shock-induced migration of asymmetry tilt grain boundary in iron bicrystal: A case study of Σ3 [110]

Many of our previous studies have discussed the shock response of symmetrical grain boundaries in iron bicrystals.In this paper, the molecular dynamics simulation of an iron bicrystal containing Σ3 [110] asymmetry tilt grain boundary(ATGB) under shock-loading is performed. We find that the shock response of asymmetric grain boundaries is quite different from that of symmetric grain boundaries. Especially, our simulation proves that shock can induce migration of asymmetric grain boundary in iron. We also find that the shape and local structure of grain boundary(GB) would not be changed during shock-induced migration of Σ3 [110] ATGB, while the phase transformation near the GB could affect migration of GB. The most important discovery is that the shock-induced shear stress difference between two sides of GB is the key factor leading to GB migration. Our simulation involves a variety of piston velocities, and the migration of GB seems to be less sensitive to the piston velocity. Finally, the kinetics of GB migration at lattice level is discussed. Our work firstly reports the simulation of shock-induced grain boundary migration in iron. It is of great significance to the theory of GB migration and material engineering.

Migration characterization of Ga and In adatoms on dielectric surface in selective MOVPE

Migration characterizations of Ga and In adatoms on the dielectric surface in selective metal organic vapor phase epitaxy （MOVPE） were investigated. In the typical MOVPE environment, the selectivity of growth is preserved for GaN, and the growth rate of GaN micro-pyramids is sensitive to the period of the patterned SiO2 mask. A surface migration induced model was adopted to figure out the effective migration length of Ga adatoms on the dielectric surface. Different from the growth of GaN, the selective area growth of InGaN on the patterned template would induce the deposition of InGaN polycrystalline particles on the patterned Si02 mask with a long period. It was demonstrated with a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy that the In adatoms exhibit a shorter migration length on the dielectric surface.

Directional migration behavior of cerium during sintering process of mischmetal doped cemented carbide

Three observation methods were used to investigate the existing form and the behavior of rare earth during the sintering process of high activity mischmetal (RE, with lanthanum and cerium) doped WC-8%Co-0.048%RE(mass fraction) alloy with low carbon-containing level by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), considering the fact that the addition amount of rare earth in the alloy is very minute. The directional migration process and mechanism of cerium were discussed. First, the sinter skin (surface) is observed. It is shown that there exists a dispersedly distributed cerium containing oxide on the sinter skin, and lanthanum in these cerium enrichment positions is very minute. Secondly, the polished section is observed, and lanthanum containing phase/micro-zone in the alloy is identified. Finally, based on the fact that the fracture of cemented carbide is resulted from the heterogeneous phase or other defects within the microstructure, the fracture surface is observed and cerium containing phase/micro-zone in the fracture source approximately 260 μm from the surface is identified. These combined observations reveal adequately the fact that lanthanum and cerium get separated and cerium predominantly migrates towards the surface during the sintering process.

Influence of adatom migration on wrinkling morphologies of AlGaN/GaN micro-pyramids grown by selective MOVPE

Ga N micro-pyramids with AlGaN capping layer are grown by selective metal–organic–vapor phase epitaxy（MOVPE）. Compared with bare Ga N micro-pyramids, AlGaN/Ga N micro-pyramids show wrinkling morphologies at the bottom of the structure. The formation of those special morphologies is associated with the spontaneously formed AlGaN polycrystalline particles on the dielectric mask, owing to the much higher bond energy of Al–N than that of Ga–N. When the sizes of the polycrystalline particles are larger than 50 nm, the uniform source supply behavior is disturbed, thereby leading to unsymmetrical surface morphology. Analysis reveals that the scale of surface wrinkling is related to the migration length of Ga adatoms along the AlGaN {1ī01} facet. The migration properties of Al and Ga further affect the distribution of Al composition along the sidewalls, characterized by the μ-PL measurement.

Potassium-decorated active carbon supported Co-Mo-based catalyst for water-gas shift reaction

The effect of potassium-decoration was studied on the activity of water-gas shift （WGS） reaction over the Co-Mo-based catalysts supported on active carbon （AC）, which was prepared by incipient wetness co-impregnation method. The decoration of potassium on active carbon in advance enhances the activities of the CoMo-K/AC catalysts for WGS reaction. Highest activity （about 92% conversion） was obtained at 250 ？ C for the catalyst with an optimum K 2 O/AC weight ratio in the range from 0.12 to 0.15. The catalysts were characterized by TPR and EPR, and the results show that activated carbon decorated with potassium makes Co-Mo species highly dispersed, and thus easily reduced and sulfurized. XRD results show that an appropriate content of potassium-decoration on active carbon supports may favors the formation of highly dispersed Co 9 S 8 -type structures which are situated on the edge or a site in contact with MoS 2 , K-Mo-O-S, Mo-S-K phase. Those active species are responsible for the high activity of CoMo-K/AC catalysts.

Migration of Magnetotelluric Data in Two——Dimensional Model

Since the wave equation of magnetoteiluric (MT)field is similar to the one of seismic , the migration techniques used in seismic can be applied to MT data . In this paper we make use of the principle of reflector mapping (i. e. U/D imaging principle ) to image MT data . That is, the MT wavefield observed on the surface of the earth can be resolved into upgoing and downgoing waves , the waves are extrapolated downward by the phase - shift method or the phase - shift plus interpolation (PSPI )method . Conductivity interfaces of the medium could be found by using the time coincidence of the upgoing and downgoing waves . Theoretical calculations show that the migration technique of MT data presented here is very effective . It can not only enhance the lateral resolution of MT data , but also obtain the visual image of subsurface interfaces . As compared with the conventional 2 - D inversion , this procedure is more simple in calculation and can be easily put into practice on a personal computer and is able to obtain the MT depth section , which is similar to seismic section .

气泡运移特征可视化观测装置研制及应用

气液两相流动过程中,气泡的形态变化时刻影响着流动的发展。为分析气泡在运移过程中的形态变化,该文研制了一套气泡运移特征可视化观测装置,包括管道模块、动力模块及数据采集模块。为了验证装置的可靠性,开展了不同液相黏度、不同液速及不同管道倾角下的气泡运移实验。实验结果表明,该装置操作简单、功能多样,可清晰地展示并记录气泡在不同液相环境下的运移轨迹及状态,并得到气泡的速度变化数据,实验结果直观可靠。结果证明该装置可解决因气泡运移特征复杂、影响因素多而难以获取直观数据的问题,对研究气液两相流动及气泡动力学领域的相关问题具有一定意义,可推广应用。

天然气运移轻烃地球化学示踪--以鄂尔多斯盆地东胜气田为例

基于天然气中轻烃化合物组成分析和区域性对比,结合组分和甲烷碳同位素组成特征,揭示轻烃地球化学特征对鄂尔多斯盆地东胜气田上古生界天然气运移和水溶及逸散等示踪作用,探讨运移作用对特定轻烃指标的关联效应。研究表明:①东胜气田二叠系下石盒子组天然气C5−7异构烷烃含量高于正构烷烃,C6−7轻烃组成呈链烷烃优势分布且芳香烃含量明显偏低(小于4.0%),C7轻烃主体呈甲基环己烷优势分布,整体表现出煤成气特征且受到了水溶等作用影响;②东胜气田天然气经历了自南向北的游离相运移,并在充注后发生不同程度的水溶作用,其中泊尔江海子断裂以北什股壕地区天然气在聚集后具有明显的散失;③长距离的游离相运移导致天然气C7轻烃中甲基环己烷相对含量和甲苯/正庚烷值降低、正庚烷/甲基环己烷值和庚烷值增大,水溶作用导致轻烃异庚烷值增大,天然气散失导致什股壕地区天然气中C5−7正构烷烃相对异构烷烃含量增加。

地下水低渗透区重非水相液体(DNAPL)的增渗增移技术综述

重非水相液体(DNAPL)是一种物化性质稳定且毒性较强的有机污染物,对人类健康和生态环境存在极大威胁。由于其密度较大、穿透性强,DNAPL渗入地下后易在低渗透区积聚,形成长期污染源。低渗透区流速慢、传质难的特点使得常用地下水污染修复技术难以奏效,而目前针对该问题的系统性研究尚显不足,因此亟需梳理并总结通过增渗增移DNAPL实现低渗透区污染增效修复的方法,为后续研究提供一定参考价值。本文首先通过控制方程描述了增渗增移的原理;其次综述了两种分别以表面活性剂和电动为核心的增渗增移方法:表面活性剂通过胶束增溶和降低吸附实现增渗增移,电动则通过电渗和电迁移增移DNAPL;同时介绍了实际应用中耦合其他技术的案例,总结优缺点;最后对DNAPL未来的发展方向进行了展望。

CO_(2)地质利用与封存中碳迁移及其相态分布规律

CO_(2)地质利用与封存技术是“双碳”战略下重要的碳减排手段,前人的研究多集中于地质利用方面,而对地层的碳封存潜力尤其是CO_(2)矿化潜力的定量评价存在不足。为此,通过程序开发手段,将闪蒸计算加入开源的反应溶质运移模拟软件中,利用改进后的软件建立了松辽盆地大情字井油田H59区块的三维地质模型,通过历史拟合注采过程校正模型地层参数,最后采用校正后模型量化表征了不同注入阶段及注采结束后CO_(2)迁移与相态转化的时空演化过程。研究结果表明:①在油藏CO_(2)混相驱条件下,CO_(2)在注入井端的小范围内呈现气相,在接触到油相前缘后,CO_(2)受浮力影响减弱,在垂向上逐渐趋于均匀分布,并向开采井端均匀推进;②气水同注阶段与注气阶段均有超过70%注入的CO_(2)溶解于油相,但气水同注阶段溶解于水相的CO_(2)含量明显增加;③注采结束后的相态演化特征表现为溶解水相CO_(2)逐渐转变为矿物相,而溶解油相CO_(2)存在转变为游离态气相的趋势;④注采结束后,主要矿化过程为绿泥石及铁白云石溶解产生铁、钙离子,与碳酸根离子结合构成方解石和菱铁矿等沉淀矿物(固碳矿物),而主要溶解矿物有钾长石、钙蒙脱石、铁白云石及绿泥石。结论认为,基于现场实测数据,利用嵌入闪蒸计算的CO_(2)地质利用与封存组分模拟软件,提高了对CO_(2)迁移及分布相态规律的进一步认识,研究结果对实现注CO_(2)高效提高采收率与封存具有重要指导意义。

固相萃取-高效液相荧光法测定食品接触材料中双酚A、双酚F和双酚S的迁移量

本研究建立了同时检测食品接触材料中双酚A、双酚F和双酚S的固相萃取-高效液相荧光的分析检测方法。根据食品类型,选择水性和油性食品模拟液进行迁移实验,浸提液经HLB固相萃取柱富集、浓缩、净化提取,采用甲醇-水作为流动相,荧光检测器检测。试验表明,在0.10~100.0μg/L质量浓度内线性关系良好,相关系数≥0.9997,双酚A、双酚F的检出限均为0.02μg/L,双酚S的检出限为0.05μg/L。测得3种双酚类物质在5种食品模拟液中加标回收率分别为80.2%~100.1%、83.3%~101.6%、77.6%~90.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%~4.0%,方法符合研究要求。同时模拟液在60℃浸提30 min条件下测定了市售4款食品接触材料的180个样品,,结果在5个样品中检测到双酚类物质迁移量。该方法灵敏、检测快速、结果准确,适用于食品接触材料中双酚A、双酚F和双酚S迁移量研究。

基于电子舌、GC-IMS和GC-MS分析桂林米粉卤水的风味特征

该研究采用电子舌分析技术结合气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用技术(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS)对南宁和桂林两市18个桂林米粉餐饮店的卤水及两款产业化卤水进行检测,经滋味轮廓、指纹图谱、挥发性物质相似度分析,选择5个典型样品,通过顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)结合气味活性值(odor activity value,OAV)确定关键风味物质。电子舌结果显示:桂林米粉卤水的滋味特征为咸味、鲜味明显,鲜味回味突出,有轻微苦涩味,并伴有一定苦味回味;GC-IMS结果显示:18家桂林米粉餐饮店的卤水中共有挥发性物质60种(定性出37种),且具有一定相似性,但与两款产业化卤水的挥发性成分有明显差异;GC-MS共鉴定出84种挥发性物质,其中烯烃类、醇类、醛类、酯类、醚类和杂环类化合物为桂林米粉卤水主要的挥发性成分;丁香酚、对烯丙基苯甲醚、茴香醚为5个桂林米粉卤水样品共有的关键风味物质。

分层媒质中的分步相位偏移光声成像方法

为了解决波场外推方法在横向声速不均匀的分层媒质中图像重建能力受限的问题,提出了一种基于分步相位偏移的不规则分层媒质光声成像方法。该方法将横向声速差异等效为分层媒质界面处的扰动声源,利用该扰动声源对相位偏移的结果进行额外的校正偏移,并采用变步长的混合外推机制,实现光声波场的逐层外推重建。仿真模拟及实验结果均表明,分步相位偏移方法能够有效抑制不规则分层媒质光声成像中伪影的产生,并提升成像分辨率以及图像对比度。

Element migration and phase distribution characteristics during crystallization of rare earth phase in rare earth slag

The crystallization experiment of molten rare earth(RE)slag under different cooling rates was carried out.The characteristics of element migration and phase distribution during RE phase crystallization were studied by using different equipment.The experimental results show that there are two RE phases in the RE slag,namely(Ca,Ce,La)_(5)(SiO_(4))6F and(Ca,Ce,La,Mg)_(3)(Ti,Al,Nb)_(2)O_(7).During the cooling crystallization process of molten RE slag,Ca and P elements in the RE phase of(Ca,Ce,La)_(5)(SiO_(4))_(6)F migrate from inside to outside,and finally gather at the outer edge of the phase to form phase Ca_(3)(PO4)2.The RE phase(Ca,Ce,La)_(5)(SiO_(4))_(6)F is distributed inside the furnace-cooled slag,and the RE phase(Ca,Ce,-La,Mg)_(3)(Ti,AI,Nb)_(2)O_(7)is distributed in the surface layer of the furnace-cooled slag.And based on the phase distribution characteristics,the central hollowing method is proposed to realize the preliminary enrichment of valuable elements Ti,Nb and RE in RE slag.