Preparation and Characterization of Low-melting Glasses Used as Binder for Protective Coating of Steel Slab

The low-melting phosphate glass was prepared for production of glass binders for protective coating of steel slab. Effects of different O/P ratios on glass structures and properties were analyzed. Differential thermal analysis （DTA） and infrared spectroscopy （IR） techniques were applied for low-melting glass binder. It was found that the glass transition temperature（T） was about 300 ℃ and softening temperature（T1） was about 480 ℃. The choice of O/P ratio was very important to the glass transition and softening temperatures. When more P=O bonds existed in the glass networks, P-O-P bond angle was deformed with decreasing of the ratio of O/E The coatings could adhere to the substrates instantaneously at 800 ℃ when the content of binder exceeded 3wt%. The optimal content of glass binder was 5wt%.

Longitudinal surface cracks on continuous casting slabs of P and Cu containing container steel

The fact that the amount of the mold flux components differs at differentlocations on the cracking surface indicates that the longitudinal surface cracks are initiallyformed in the mold and are enlarged in the secondary cooling zone. Based on the hot ductilitymeasurement of two typical container used steels, it is known that the steels are in severeembrittlement state in the temperature range of 825-775 deg C. By means of increasing Cr/Ni platingthickness on the upper part of the mold, reducing mold heat flux, adopting new secondary coolingpattern, etc., the occurrence of the surface longitudinal cracks on the steel CC (continuouscasting) slabs has been significantly reduced.

Analysis of vibration reduction characteristics and applicability of steel-spring floating-slab track

A coupled dynamics computation model for metro vehicles, along with a steel-spring floating-slab track, is developed based on the theory of vehicle-track coupled dynamics. Using the developed model, the influences of the thickness, length and mass of floating-slab, spring rate and its arrangement space, running speed, etc. on the time and frequency domain characteristics of steel-spring fulcrum force are analyzed. The applicability of steel-spring floatingslab track is discussed through two integrated example cases of metro and buildings possessing distinct natural vibra- tion characteristics. It is concluded that, it is quite significant, in the optimization modular design of the parameters of steel-spring floating-slab track, to take the matching relationship of both the amplitude-frequency characteristics of steel-spring fulcrum force and natural vibration characteristics of integrated structures into comprehensive consideration. In this way the expensive steel-spring floating-slab track can be economically and efficiently utilized according to the site condition, and at the same time, the economic losses and bad social impact resulted from the resonance during usage of steel-spring floating-slab track can be avoided.

Behavior of Liquid Steel in Mold for Thin Slab Caster

The comparison of different submerged entry nozzles(SEN)was made by numerical simulation regarding the influence of liquid steel flow field,heat transfer and mold fluxes,as well as solidification shell stress and surface quality of thin slabs.The optimum internal shape of mold and the SEN were obtained.The foundation for choice of internal shape and casting parameters of mold was built.

Preventing Occurrence of Transverse Corner Cracks on Nb, V and Ti Microalloying Steel CC Slabs

Based on their hot ductilities, Nb, V and Ti microalloying steels can be classified into two groups. The first group includes steels with lower carbon content (≤0.10%). Ductilities of steels of this group recover and rise with decreasing temperature when temperature lowers to below 825℃. Another group includes steels which contain more carbon (>0.12%) or contain more Nb and V. The low ductility temperature Region Ⅲ for steels of mis group extends to temperature as low as 725℃. The occurrence of the transverse corner cracks of the Nb, V and Ti microalloying steel CC slabs has be considerably decreased by stabilizing casting speed, increasing mold steel level automatic control ratio,enhancing caster segment radial alignment and adopting proper secondary cooling patterns to make slab corner temperature at straightening out off the low ductility temperature region.

Carbide and Nitride Precipitation in High Temperature TensiledSpecimens and Hot Ductility of Nb-and Ti-ContainingSteel CC Slabs

Hot ductility of the Nb- and Ti-containing line-pipe steel CC slab specimens were measured under the sirain rate of 1 x 10-3/s. Three types of precipitates were found in the fractured specimens. One was the block-shaped coarse TiN particles precipitated at high temperature. Another type was the fine dynamic precipitation products precipitated at 950～900℃ which caused remarkable ductility reduction of the steel. The third type was the co-existed precipitates formed by fine Nb precipitates nucleating and growing on TiN paricles. Compared with Nb-containing steel which contains no Ti, there was no ductility drop for Nb- and Ti-containing steel at temperature between 850℃ and Ar3 and, the γ→α transformation inside the grain matrixes proceeded faster, which both improved the ductility of the steel in the low ductility temperature Region Ⅲ.

Corner crack mechanism of boron-containing LCAK steel slabs

At Baoshan Iron ＆ Steel Co., Ltd., comer cracks of boron containing LCAK steel slabs had caused remarkable quality loss and mass flow disorder. With the help of fractography and thermodynamics analysis, the embrittlement mechanism of this steel grade was studied and the results are as follows： 1 The transformation from 3＇ to a starts at the austenite grain boundaries and a layer of thin ferrite film gradually forms around the austenite grains. Strain concentration will preferentially start inside the ferrite phase when the stress accumulates to a certain level. 2 The coarse BN particles acceleratedly precipitated at the γ/α interfaces further deteriorate the ductility of the ferrite film, and brittleness results in strain concentration and microvoid coalescence inside the ferrite film. Therefore the austenite grain boundaries are prone to intergranular failure. 3 The stoichiometry among Al, N and B is a very important factor influencing the hot ductility of this steel grade. By controling the B-to-N atomic ratio to above 1, all N can be fixed by B instead of A1. Thus coarsegrained steel is available and fewer grain boundaries and higher ductility can reduce the risk of comer cracks. （4） By adjusting the B-to-N atomic ratio,Baoshan Iron ＆ Steel Co.,Ltd. successfully reduced the number of cracks to nearly one tenth of that in the past and the hot tensile tests confirmed remarkable improvement in the hot ductility of this steel.

Effects of electromagnetic stirring on surface purity of IF steel slabs

In order to analyze the effect of electromagnetic stirring on the slab＇ s surface purity, the continuously cast slab surface inclusions and subsurface blisters have been investigated. The results indicate that the mold electromagnetic stirrer （M -EMS） is useful for the improvement of IF steel slabs＇ surface quality. The continuously cast slab surface inclusions and subsurface blisters have been significantly reduced. The distribution of bubbles in the slab is non-homogeneous in terms of both width and depth. The continuously cast slab surface inclusions tend to miniaturization through M-EMS and most of the inclusions are less than 10 μm in size.

Simulation of thermal behavior during peritectic steel solidification in slab continuous casting mold

Thermal behavior of the solidifying shell in continuous casting mold is very important to final steel products.In the present work,one two-dimension transient thermal-mechanical finite element model was developed to simulate the thermal behavior of peritectic steel solidifying in slab continuous casting mold by using the sequential coupling method.In this model,the steel physical properties at high temperature was gotten from the micro-segregation model withδ/γtransformation in mushy zone,and the heat flux was obtained according to the displacement between the surface of solidifying shell and the hot face of mold as solidification contraction,the liquid-solid structure and distribution of mold flux,and the temperature distribution of slab surface and mold hot face,in addition,the rate-dependent elastic-viscoplastic constitutive equation was applied to account for the evolution of shell stress in the mold.With this model,the variation characteristics of surface temperature,heat flux, and growth of the solidifying shell corner,as well as the thickness distribution of the liquid flux,solidified flux,air gap and the corresponding thermal resistance were described.

Hot Ductility of Vanadium Micro-alloying Steel Continuous Casting Slabs

The hot ductility of the V-containing micro-alloying steel CC (continuouscasting) slabs and precipitation of vanadium carbide in the tensile specimens were investigated. Theresults indicate that the precipitation ratio and precipitation rate of vanadium in the specimensreach maximum respectively at 900, -825 and 825 deg C. There is still l0 percent-l7 percent ofvanadium precipitated when the deformation temperature decreases to 800-700 deg C. Vanadium largelyaffects the ductility of the steel in the low ductility temperature Region III. Embrittlement ofsteel with higher V content is severer in the region and the embrittlement extends to lowertemperature.

The“state of the art”slab caster for stainless steel in ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni

On April 23,2009,a new single strand slab caster at ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni(TKAST) was successfully started up with the first cast of AISI 304 grade in Terni plant,central Italy.TKAST is the Italian company of ThyssenKrupp Stainless group. The new caster is designed for a total capacity of approx.900.000 tpy of stainless steel slabs covering the complete range of stainless grades,including AISI 300 and 400 families(austenitic,ferritic and martensitic grades).This state of the art caster for the production of 215 mm thick slabs replaced an existing thin slab caster. This paper resumes the reasons of the installation of the new plant designed,manufactured erected and commissioned by Danieli and describes the technological solution,main features as well as the excellent results of this state of the art caster.

The optimization of mold fluxes used for casting the peritectic steel of heavy slabs at Baosteel

In order to solve the problem of the high surface longitudinal crack ratio of heavy peritectic steel slabs produced by the No. 3 continuous caster at Baosteel,the physical properties of the original mold flux and the optimized mold flux were compared in a comprehensive way by using analytical measures, such as a slag film heat-flow simulator, a thermowire molten flux crystallization tester and an X-ray diffractometer in the laboratory. The results reveal that one of the major reasons for the cracks is the poor heat transfer ability of the original mold flux. However, the optimized mold flux with a high basicity features a high crystallizing rate,low crystallization temperature and low heat-flow density. Therefore, the optimized mold flux is more suitable for casting peritectic steel by the heavy slab continuous caster. The test results show that the slabs produced by using the optimized mold flux had no surface longitudinal crack in four test casts, while the surface longitudinal crack ratio of the slabs produced by using the original mold flux was 5%. The optimized mold flux can effectively prevent slab surface longitudinal cracks from occurring.

栓钉型弧形双钢板混凝土组合板的抗爆性能试验与数值分析

弧形双钢板混凝土组合结构由钢板、混凝土与连接件协同作用,具有更优异的抗震和抗爆性能,被应用于超高层结构、海洋平台和核电设施中。利用试验和数值分析方法研究了栓钉型弧形双钢板混凝土组合结构的破坏模式和损伤机理,参数化分析了爆炸距离、钢板厚度、拱高和栓钉间距对其抗爆性能的影响。结果表明:在爆炸荷载下,栓钉型弧形双钢板混凝土组合板整体表现良好,仍具有较高的承载能力。增加爆炸距离和钢板厚度能有效减小混凝土的损伤和组合板的跨中挠度;减小拱高,混凝土损伤区域从以压缩破坏为主逐渐转换为以拉伸破坏为主,混凝土损伤更严重,组合板跨中挠度变大;减小栓钉间距会增大混凝土塑性损伤程度,但组合板的跨中挠度减小。研究结果可为弧形双钢板混凝土组合结构的设计提供参考。

钢纤维细石混凝土-钢组合板抗弯性能试验研究

钢纤维细石混凝土是一种具有优异力学性能和良好工作性的高性能混凝土复合材料。本试验针对正交异性钢桥面铺装层裂缝病害问题,对4组采用不同钢筋配筋率和保护层厚度的横桥向钢纤维细石混凝土-钢组合桥面板进行了抗弯破坏试验,研究了组合板的荷载-挠度关系与裂缝开展特征;用等效截面法计算了开裂应力、裂缝宽度和钢筋应力,验证了钢纤维细石混凝土-钢组合板的抗裂性能。结果表明:60 mm厚钢纤维细石混凝土铺装层在小配筋率(2.6%)和低于规范要求的保护层厚度(15 mm)条件下呈现出多缝开裂的破坏形态,具备较高的延性和开裂应力,满足规范和工程应用的要求。

波纹钢形状与拱效应对加固盖板涵承载力的影响

为了探索波纹钢形状对加固盖板涵承载力的影响及填充混凝土的拱效应形成机制,采用室内试验与数值分析相结合的研究方法,以一个室内模型试验结果为基准,建立了72个箱形、圆弧及其之间的过渡形状的波纹钢加固盖板涵的数值模型,探明了加固体系承载力随波纹钢形状参数的变化规律;基于合理拱轴的概念,探明了填充混凝土的拱效应形成机理,并采用5个数值模型进行了验证。结果表明:拱腋半径保持不变时,加固体系的承载力随着拱顶、侧墙半径的增加而减小;拱顶、侧墙半径不变时,加固体系的承载力随着拱腋半径的增加而增大;提升加固体系承载力最有效的方式是增加拱腋半径,其次是减小拱顶和侧墙半径;填充混凝土的拱效应与荷载类型有关,当波纹钢的形状能保持拱轴连续并且在素混凝土刚性角以内时,加固体系的承载力最高。在设计波纹钢加固盖板涵结构时,应根据实际工程需要综合考虑波纹钢形状与填充混凝土的拱效应,尽量避免紧贴原盖板涵的加固设计。

混杂网格增强超高性能混凝土双向板的弯曲性能

网格增强超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)具有轻质、高强、耐久性好等特性,已应用于薄壁结构和工程加固领域,但单一网格很难实现高效的增强增韧效应.为研究混杂网格增强UHPC双向板的抗弯性能,对3个钢丝网格与玻璃纤维网格混杂增强UHPC板、3个钢丝网格与玄武岩纤维网格混杂增强UHPC板、6个单一网格增强UHPC板和1个无网格UHPC对照板进行弯曲试验,研究网格种类、总层数及铺层方式对其破坏形态、承载能力和弯曲韧性的影响.结果表明:与单一钢丝网格板和单一玻璃纤维网格板相比,钢-玻璃纤维网格混杂板开裂后表现更显著的硬化现象,在连续网格与混杂短纤维协同效应下,板呈现多裂缝破坏模式,延性较理想.铺设2层网格时,钢-玻璃纤维网格混杂板的承载能力较单一钢丝网格板提升23.7%,且其在20 mm挠度处的残余承载力较单一玻璃纤维网格板提升28.2%;钢-玄武岩纤维网格混杂板峰前阶段的能量吸收值和20 mm挠度处的残余承载力均优于单一玄武岩纤维网格板.网格总层数为3层时,与单一玄武岩纤维网格板相比,2层钢丝网格与1层玄武岩纤维网格混杂增强板在峰前挠度为2 mm时的能量吸收值提高了21.6%,20 mm挠度处的残余承载力提高了42.6%.钢-玻璃纤维网格混杂板的网格强度利用率最理想,其承载能力、能量吸收值及弯曲韧性指标均高于钢-玄武岩纤维网格混杂板.最后,考虑网格强度有效利用率建立了混杂网格增强UHPC双向板抗弯承载力理论公式,适用性良好.

钢-混凝土组合简支桥面连续结构横向应力分析

针对钢-混组合简支梁桥的桥面连续结构开裂等病害,围绕桥面连接板的横桥向应力问题,采用线弹性理论和板的偏微分方程进行分析,得出了桥面连接板挠度和应力的分布函数,建立非线性有限元模型,并进行实桥荷载试验.通过比较理论解、有限元解和实测试验结果,证实了理论解和有限元的有效性.根据得到的分布函数,发现横桥向和纵桥向上的最大拉应力出现在钢梁端部位置的连接板的上缘.此外,还分析了连接板区域尺寸变化对横桥向应力峰值的影响,包括纵梁端部距支座的长度、纵梁的间距以及连接板区域整体尺寸变化.结果表明:较小的纵梁间距和较长的纵梁端部与支撑之间的距离会导致连接板中的横向拉应力峰值增加,并提高横向拉应力在总应力中的占比,从而导致桥面连接板早于设计荷载开裂.因此对于纵梁间距较小、梁端长度较长的钢-混组合简支梁桥桥面连续结构,仅计算其纵桥向受力性能会导致计算结果偏危险,建议按照本文方法考虑横桥向应力对桥面连接板的影响.

带钢筋桁架楼承板的PRC连梁抗震性能试验研究及数值分析

为适应超高层建筑以及现代工业化住宅建筑体系迅速发展的需要,提出了一种带钢筋桁架楼承板的新型钢板-混凝土组合(plate-reinforced composite,PRC)连梁。通过拟静力试验,分析了不考虑楼板作用、带普通钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)楼板及带钢筋桁架楼承板PRC连梁的破坏形态、承载能力、变形能力和耗能能力等。在此基础上,采用ABAQUS软件分析在不同峰值荷载作用下钢筋桁架楼承板PRC连梁的混凝土、钢板和钢筋骨架的应力发展情况。研究结果表明:钢筋桁架楼承板的设置能显著提高小跨高比PRC连梁的受剪承载力、耗能能力和延性,设置楼板能显著提高连梁的峰值荷载,且带钢筋桁架楼承板对PRC连梁承载力的提升比带普通RC楼板更强,其连梁试件PRC-S3的正向峰值荷载比不带楼板连梁PRC-NS1和带普通RC楼板连梁PRC-S2分别提升了31%和18%,但带楼板连梁在梁板交界处产生通缝之后连梁的刚度退化较为严重;带钢筋桁架楼承板的PRC连梁具有优越的耗能能力,在连梁跨度范围内均出现了显著的对角压杆,主压杆及其衍生压杆共同构成桁架作用来承受剪力;楼承板桁架上下弦钢筋以及连梁纵筋均在连梁根部位置出现应力集中,且连梁试件PRC-S3破坏点对应的累积耗能是不带楼板试件PRC-NS1的1.39倍。

新型可拆卸式钢-UHPC组合板的抗弯性能

为探究钢-薄层超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)轻型组合桥面体系在局部轮载下的抗弯性能,设计并开展了4块基于高强螺栓连接的可拆卸式钢-UHPC组合板的四点弯曲试验,研究了钢板类型、抗剪连接件间距对可拆卸式钢-UHPC组合板的破坏模式、荷载-挠度曲线、界面相对滑移、裂缝宽度、截面应变分布等影响规律,研究结果表明:在正弯矩荷载作用下,采用Q355钢板的组合板的破坏模式为高强螺栓被剪断,而采用负泊松比(negative Poisson’s ratio,NPR)钢板的组合板的破坏模式为部分高强螺栓被剪断、部分预埋带垫加长螺母被拔出、UHPC板由于失稳大面积压溃等;在相同的高强螺栓间距下,采用NPR钢板的组合板的板端相对滑移较小,说明NPR钢板有效延缓并限制了钢板与UHPC板的相对滑移,从而提升两者的协同变形能力,继而提高组合板的抗弯刚度及承载力等;由截面应变分析可知,由于NPR钢板的负泊松比效应、高刚度、高屈服强度,整个加载过程NPR钢板与底部UHPC层的拉应变保持着应变协调性,随着荷载的增大截面塑性中和轴的上移幅度可忽略不计。因此,在采用NPR钢板提升钢-UHPC组合板抗弯性能的前提下,应使UHPC厚度与NPR钢板的性能进行匹配,充分发挥两者的材料性能,避免失稳破坏先于UHPC材料强度破坏。

钢弹簧浮置板轨道减振性能现场对比测试

为研究随机列车荷载作用下钢弹簧浮置板轨道(steel spring floating slab track,简称SSFST)上线运营后的减振效果,选取某地铁线路同一区间、同一曲线段内的普通无砟轨道及钢弹簧浮置板轨道典型测试断面,在同一天内开展了现场对比测试。研究结果表明:钢弹簧浮置板轨道减振效果的线上评估结果与列车、轨道的实际运营状态直接相关;在不同列车的随机激励作用下,Z振级相对插入损失(ΔVL_(Z,max))相差超过10 dB,且部分测试样本无法满足特殊减振的设计需求;为获得保守的评价结果,应选择轮、轨平顺状态良好的运营区段开展对比测试;通过合理的养护维修,使运营列车及轨道保持良好的运行状态,是减振轨道区段满足振动控制需求的关键。