Impacts of Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme on Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in the Lower Yellow River

As a river with more than 3000 reservoirs in its watershed,the Yellow River has been affected by dams not only on the sediment load,but also on the water quality.Water-sediment regulation scheme(WSRS),which has been carried out annually in the Yellow River since 2002,is a typical human activity affecting river water quality.Chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in river is susceptible to changes in ecological and environmental conditions as well as human activities.Here,we report variations in dissolved organic carbon concentrations,compositions and sources of CDOM in time series samples in the lower Yellow River during WSRS.In addition,a parallel factor fluorescence analysis(PARAFAC)method is applied to identify different fluorescent components in water samples during WRSR,showing four major components including tryptophan-like component(C1),microbial humic-like component(C2),terrestrial humic-like component(C3)and tyrosine-like component(C4).In general,C1 increased after water regulation,while C2 and C3 increased after sediment regulation,indicating that the water and sediment released by the dam have different effects on CDOM compositions.Under the impacts of the dam,source of CDOM in the lower Yellow River is mainly autochthonous related to microbial activities,and is regulated by the terrestrial input during WSRS period.Sediment resuspension inhibits microbial activities and reduces the production of autochthonous CDOM.Overall,human activities especially WSRS,as exemplified here,significantly alter the quality and quantity of CDOM in the lower Yellow River,affecting CDOM dynamics and biogeochemical processes in the estuarine environment.

Effect of water-sediment regulation and its impact on coastline and suspended sediment concentration in Yellow River Estuary

Implementation of the water-sediment regulation(WSR) scheme, mainly focused on solving the sedimentation problems of reservoirs and the lower reaches of the Yellow River, has inevitably influenced the sediment distribution and coastal morphology of the Yellow River Estuary.Using coastline delineation and suspended sediment concentration(SSC) retrieval methods, this study investigated water and sediment changes,identified detailed inter-annual and intra-annual variations of the coastline and SSC in the normal period(NP: 1986-2001, before and after the flood season) and WSR period(WSRP: 2002-2013, before and after WSR). The results indicate that(1) the sedimentation in the low reaches of the Yellow River turned into erosion from 2002 onward;(2) the inter-annual coastline changes could be divided into an accretion stage(1986-1996), a slow erosion stage(1996-2002), and a slow accretion stage(2002-2013);(3) an intra-annual coastline extension occurred in the river mouth in most years of the WSRP; and(4) the mean intra-annual accretion area was 0.789 km^2 in the NP and 4.73 km2 in the WSRP,and the mean SSC increased from 238 mg/L to 293 mg/L in the NP and from 192 mg/L to 264 mg/L in the WSRP.

Impact of the water-sediment regulation and a rainstorm on nutrient transport in the Huanghe River

Dissolved nutrient concentration in the Huanghe （Yellow） River at Lijin was monitored during a water-sediment regulation period and a subsequent rainstorm from 14 June to 19 July, 2005. This study provides detailed information on nutrient concentrations in the Huanghe River during the water-sediment regulation and rainstorm periods, and is of significance for the downstream area of the Huanghe River and the Bohai Sea. The average concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and ammonia were 304.7 μmol/L, 0.19 μmol/L, and 1.10 μmol/L, respectively, while the average concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus （DIP） and dissolved silicate （DSi） were 0.23 gmol/L and 122.9 ktmol/L, respectively. Nutrient concentrations during the water-sediment regulation period were mainly influenced by the dilution effect, floodplain effect and sediment resuspension while dilution and erosion effects were the main factors during the rainstorm. The fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）, DIP and DSi during the water-sediment regulation and rainstorm periods accounted for 20.4%, 19.5%, 16.7% and 4.97%, 6.45%, 5.47% of the annual nutrient fluxes, respectively. Discharge was the main factor influencing the fluxes of nutrients during both the water- sediment regulation and the rainstorm periods.

The influence of water-sediment regulation on macrobenthic community structures in the Huanghe River(Yellow River)Estuary during 2012–2016

To determine if water-sediment regulation has affected macrobenthic community structure in the Huanghe River Estuary,China,macrobenthic samples were collected following regulation events from 2012 to 2016.We identify seven phyla and 138 macrobenthic species from within samples throughout the survey area,over time.Species richness and abundance in 2012 were significantly higher than in 2016.Biomass did not differ significantly during 2012–2016.Dominant species were mostly small polychaetes,with mollusks,arthropods,and echinoderms all being relatively rare.In 2016,dominant species were small polychaetes.MDS reveals macrobenthic communities at all surveyed distances from the estuary to have become the same community structure over time.Shannon-Wiener diversity and Margalef richness indexes trended down over time.CCA reveals the most dominant sediment-dwelling species to prefer lower dissolved oxygen,sulfides,and pH,and sediments with high D50 and low clay content.We speculate that water-sediment regulation has affected seabed communities,particularly Region A in our survey area.

Impact of Water-Sediment Regulation on Variations of Amino Acids in the Middle-Lower Yellow River, China

In order to examine the impacts of water-sediment regulation on regional carbon cycling,we collected water,particulate and sediment samples from the middle-lower Yellow River in late June and early July,2015 and analyzed their specific amino acids(AA),DOC,POC,and bacteria abundance.Summarized by 14 specific AA,the total hydrolysable AA(THAA),particulate AA(PAA),and sediment AA(SAA)varied in ranges of 2.29-9.05μmol L^-1,5.22-22.96μmol L^-1,and 81.7-137.19μg g^-1 dry weight.After the regulation,dissolved free AA(DFAA)decreased by 29%while DCAA increased by 72%.These variations suggested that DFAA were further degraded,while DCAA molecules were further activated.Meanwhile,PAA increased almost 4 times as many as those before regulation,and SAA increased as well.After regulation,the amounts of bioactive amino acids(Asp,Glu and Gly)increased in THAA but decreased in PAA,with little changes in SAA.The ratios of Asp/Gly in different phases increased after regulation,indicating the AA contributions were promoted by calcareous organisms rather than by siliceous organisms.Multiple correlation analysis showed that PAA was primary representatives of AA and organic carbon,followed by DCAA and POC.Moreover,bacterial reproduction played a key role in shaping the AA compositions and properties,followed by the redox condition and acid-base balance.The results of this study provided a clear evidence for the effects of water-sediment regulation on regional biogeochemistry of organic carbon in the middle-lower Yellow River.

TGF-β/BMP signaling and other molecular events: regulation of osteoblastogenesis and bone formation

Transforming growth factor-beta（TGF-β）/bone morphogenetic protein（BMP） plays a fundamental role in the regulation of bone organogenesis through the activation of receptor serine/threonine kinases. Perturbations of TGF-β/BMP activity are almost invariably linked to a wide variety of clinical outcomes, i.e., skeletal, extra skeletal anomalies, autoimmune, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Phosphorylation of TGF-β（I/II） or BMP receptors activates intracellular downstream Smads, the transducer of TGF-β/BMP signals. This signaling is modulated by various factors and pathways, including transcription factor Runx2. The signaling network in skeletal development and bone formation is overwhelmingly complex and highly time and space specific.Additive, positive, negative, or synergistic effects are observed when TGF-β/BMP interacts with the pathways of MAPK, Wnt, Hedgehog（Hh）, Notch, Akt/m TOR, and mi RNA to regulate the effects of BMP-induced signaling in bone dynamics. Accumulating evidence indicates that Runx2 is the key integrator, whereas Hh is a possible modulator, mi RNAs are regulators, and b-catenin is a mediator/regulator within the extensive intracellular network. This review focuses on the activation of BMP signaling and interaction with other regulatory components and pathways highlighting the molecular mechanisms regarding TGF-β/BMP function and regulation that could allow understanding the complexity of bone tissue dynamics.

Understanding the influencing factors and evolving trends of the Yellow River Water-Sediment Regulation System from a system perspective

Understanding the influencing factors and the evolving trends of the Water-Sediment Regulation System(WSRS)is vital for the protection and management of the Yellow River.Past studies on WSRS have been limited in focus and have not fully addressed the complete engineering control system of the basin.This study takes a holistic view,treating sediment management in the Yellow River as a dynamic and ever-evolving complex system.It merges concepts from system science,information theory,and dissipative structure with practical efforts in sediment engineering control.The key findings of this study are as follows:between 1990 and 2019,the average Yellow River Sediment Regulation Index(YSRI)was 55.99,with the lowest being 50.26 in 1990 and the highest being 61.48 in 2019;the result indicates that the WSRS activity decreased,yet it fluctuated,gradually approaching the critical threshold of a dissipative structure.

水网布局下黄河流域应对极端枯水的关键科学问题

变化环境下极端气象水文事件频发,长江、黄河面临同枯风险。在国家水网建设背景下,为提高长江、黄河同枯的极端不利情景下黄河流域水资源安全保障能力,本文分析了长江、黄河两大流域水资源安全面临的现实问题,识别了变化环境下大型流域枯水遭遇—水危机形成—跨流域调水潜力—多线路成网互济—极端枯水下水资源安全保障中亟需破解的关键科学问题,构建了水网布局下黄河流域应对极端枯水的总体研究框架,提出该领域重点研究方向包括:变化环境下长江、黄河极端枯水遭遇规律与空间变异机制,水危机风险多链路传导与复合影响定量评估,极端枯水下跨流域调水挖潜增供,长江和黄河跨流域联合调配与多线路互济精细化调控、极端枯水下流域水资源韧性提升优化调控等。

盗播体育赛事直播行为的刑法规制

盗播体育赛事直播行为侵犯合法直播人的经济利益,破坏市场竞争秩序,严重危害体育赛事产业发展。由于我国刑法立法缺乏相关规范,民事赔偿责任不足以有效遏制该行为,导致体育赛事转播知识产权保护不力,无法发挥刑法预防犯罪、规制行为的保障功能。为有效保护合法直播人的广播组织权,维护公平竞争的市场经济秩序,有必要对盗播体育赛事直播行为进行刑法规制。建议修改《刑法》第217条侵犯著作权罪,增加侵犯广播组织权的行为类型,以实现对该行为的刑法规制。该行为的犯罪化回应社会现实需求,满足法益保护需要,填补刑法立法漏洞,具有著作权法和政策基础。

我国马拉松赛事政府监管指标体系构建与实证研究

构建马拉松赛事政府监管指标体系作为加强体育市场监管、完善体育赛事活动安全监管服务标准的重要内容,旨在发挥其规范、引领和保障作用,维护公平、公正的竞赛环境和促进马拉松赛事健康有序发展。该研究运用文献资料法、德尔菲法、访谈法和层次分析法等,经过初选和两轮专家筛选,构建了由赛前监管、赛中监管、赛后监管3个一级指标、10个二级指标和27个三级指标组成的马拉松赛事政府监管指标体系,进而运用层次分析法计算各指标的权重系数,并以国内两场马拉松赛事为实证对象进行了检验。研究表明,两场马拉松赛事政府监管指标得分与实际情况较为相符,政府运用该监管指标体系进行测量能够反映马拉松赛事的组织管理水平。为了更好地发挥马拉松赛事政府监管指标体系的应用价值,提出了相应的对策建议:细化赛事监管事项,强化安全风险评估;加强赛事现场管控,营造安全稳定环境;规范组织管理流程,完善赛事评价反馈。

事件触发改进一致性算法的孤岛运行多逆变器微电网系统分布式二次调频方法

一致性算法常用于孤岛运行多逆变器并联微电网系统分布式二次调频控制,对逆变器之间通信的实时性要求很高。对此,该文提出基于频率补偿信号的改进一致性算法,基于频率误差越限建立事件触发机制,维持逆变器之间已有的下垂关系不变,实现孤岛运行多逆变器微电网系统二次调频。同时,基于该事件触发机制和李雅普诺夫函数,获得最短触发时间下界,完全避免了在短时间内无限次事件触发现象的发生。最后,采用MATLAB/Simulink针对包含4台逆变器并联运行的孤岛微电网系统算例进行仿真,结果表明,提出的方法相比文献采用的基本一致性算法通信量减少99%以上,最短触发时间间隔延长至数十ms量级;同时,由于该文方法不使用功率微分信号,微电网系统的动态性能更好。

中国群众体育赛事安全监管的协同治理体系构建--基于致死事件的循证分析

基于协同治理理论,对我国群众体育赛事致死事件进行循证分析。研究认为:群众体育赛事安全监管存在公权下放后地方与基层政府监管履责缺失与应急处置不力;私营企业运营群众体育赛事存在“责能”困境;单项体育协会在赛事运营管理中被边缘化;公民参赛的结构性不公正等问题。实现群众体育赛事安全监管协同治理需要重构政府权力,建立政社共治格局;加强市场准入监管,促进群众体育赛事规范化发展;厘清社会组织权责利关系,发挥单项体育协会主体作用;建立赛事资格审查制度,培养参赛者专业素养。

改革开放以来我国马拉松赛事监管的演进历程、现实困境与优化策略

运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,对我国马拉松赛事监管演进历程、现实困境与优化策略进行深入探讨。研究发现,我国马拉松赛事监管经历了以计划统筹监管为主的内部监管、以事前审批监管为主的行政许可监管和以事中事后监管为主的多元协同监管三个阶段;呈现出监管重心由事前审批向事中事后监管转变,监管主体由单一主体向多元互动转变,监管内容由强调竞赛组织向综合全面监管转变,监管工具由指令式向混合式转变的特征。研究认为,当前我国马拉松赛事监管面临监管主体力量薄弱、监管内容存在盲区、监管工具发展滞后、监管闭环尚未形成等现实困境。未来我国马拉松赛事监管应厘清监管职责,形成协同监管格局;完善监管工具,提升赛事监管效率;延伸监管范围,细化赛事监管内容;优化监管政策,创设依法监管环境。

贯彻落实《体育法》,提升政府治理效能:高危险性体育赛事活动监管策略研究

对高危险性体育赛事活动进行有效监管是贯彻落实《中华人民共和国体育法》(以下简称《体育法》)的具体表现。研究表明,体育行政部门开展高危险性体育赛事活动监管工作面临概念混淆以及监管能力不足、标准不清、流程不畅、监督不力等问题。在“放管服”改革的背景下,体育行政部门需完善“专职化”的监管运行机制和“清单式”的权责边界以提升监管能力,制定“多线程”的人员培训和认定体系“、多主体”的场地标准共创机制“、多层级”的赛事活动等级制度,以改进监管标准,加强全流程监管,构建“一站式”数字服务端口,引入“契约式”告知承诺制度以优化监管流程,培育“一体化”协同执法监督机制和“系统化”体育社会监督机制以加强执法监督,从而达成贯彻落实《体育法》监管要求的目标。

运动员动作预期中错误监控的认知调节机制:来自行为与ERP的证据

目的:从错误监控视角探究运动员的动作预期错误监控与脑活动的认知调节机制。方法:40人[优秀组(一级篮球运动员)和新手组(非篮球专项的体育专业大学生)]观看不同判断时间点(出手阶段、上升阶段、高点阶段和下落阶段)和投篮结果(命中与未命中)的投篮视频,进行投篮结果预期及错误意识水平报告;同时记录并分析被试判断正确率、判断确信程度、P3、N400、ERN及Pe成分的潜伏期和峰波幅。结果:优秀组在投篮动作的早期阶段对命中情况的判断正确率更高,对未命中情况的判断正确率更低,判断确信程度与判断正确率呈正相关关系;优秀组的ERN峰波幅显著大于新手组,P3峰波幅有大于新手组的趋势,在未命中情况下的N400峰波幅更大,在命中情况下的Pe峰波幅更小。结论:1)运动经验可以提高运动员的错误监控能力,且优秀运动员的动作预期错误监控的时程表现在动作执行的早期阶段;2)优秀运动员的错误监控能力在行为特征和认知神经变化2个方面均显现出优势,且错误监控能力的强弱会影响动作预期的绩效;3)优秀运动员的错误监控行为可以调节运动经验对动作预期绩效的影响过程。

网络群体性事件的社会情绪演进逻辑与动态调节策略

全媒体时代,新的舆论场正在形成,社会情绪成为激发群体性事件的重要动因。对情绪在网络群体性事件中的作用机理进行分析,发现情绪能够强化个体注意、引发群体共鸣、达成社会合意。通过对核心概念的关联性构建发现,网络群体性事件的情绪传播呈现出唤醒、感染、爆发、消退这一逻辑演进过程。根据Gross情绪调整的流程模型,多元主体可以根据情绪演进逻辑采取协同治理策略,可从情境修正、认知改变、注意分配和反应调整四个方面对社会情绪进行有效疏导。

基于能量函数塑形的直流微电网多电力弹簧电压平稳控制方法

直流微电网低惯性响应特性常导致系统存在不确定性扰动时母线电压波动越限。针对这一问题,文中以直流电力弹簧(DCES)为核心构建智能负载,解析直流电机动能与智能负载惯量能量间的映射关系,实现需求侧等效虚拟惯量注入,快速补偿不确定性扰动造成的DCES输出电压偏差;针对多DCES协同控制,设计动态事件触发机制,以最小通信需求求解全局一致性误差,实现各DCES输出电压期望轨迹实时在线更新;提出了具有最小相位特性的反馈线性化控制器,将传统电压-电流双环控制转化为能量单环控制,构建DCES能量函数,重塑状态变量空间为Grassmann流形,实现系统完全解耦和精确线性化转换,准确跟踪各DCES输出电压期望轨迹,同时确保全局渐近稳定。基于dSPACE的实验结果表明:系统存在外部不确定扰动和内部参数摄动情形下,所提方法可实现直流微电网母线电压的平稳控制,具有动态响应快、稳定性好、鲁棒性强、抗扰性优的特点。

基于事件驱动的需求侧电池储能二次控制

为解决需求侧电力资源的灵活调控问题,提出一种基于事件驱动的分布式固定时间二次控制方案。该方案针对需求侧电池储能系统(BESSs),旨在调控其能级、功率和频率以实现对需求侧电网中频率和功率随机波动的补偿。考虑到需求侧仅有部分电池可以接收主电网信息,采用分布式控制算法调控每个电池的能级、有功功率和频率,实现了BESSs在固定时间内的能级平衡、有功功率共享和频率调节。此外,该方案引入了事件驱动机制,无需连续通信和频繁切换控制信号,从而显著降低了BESSs调控过程中的能量消耗。最后,仿真实验结果表明,提出的控制方案能够在较低的能量消耗下实现对需求侧电力资源的快速调控。

水量调度实施对东江流域径流影响分析

为综合分析水量调度实施对东江流域三大水库出库流量以及重要断面流量的影响,研究采用MannKendall趋势检验法对东江流域内降雨来水趋势变化进行分析;通过连续滑动平均窗口法以及多变量动态时间规整法识别东江流域内典型低流量事件与相似事件,对三大水库的出库过程以及重要断面的流量变化进行研究。结果表明,自三大水库建成以来,东江流域内汛期、枯水期降雨来水情况未有明显变化;水量调度实施后,博罗、龙川断面枯水年流量达标率分别由42%、86%提高到59%、98%,较调度前有明显提高;在4场典型事件中,枯水期降雨来水相似条件下三大水库出库过程更加稳定,博罗断面平均流量由260 m^(3)/s提高到381 m^(3)/s,水量调度效果显著。研究结果表明了水量调度实施的必要性,为继续开展水量调度工作提供了理论依据。