Effects of Amino Acid Foliar Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Different Vegetables

In order to explore the effects of amino acid foliar fertilizer on the yield and quality of different vegetables, we tested the spraying of an amino acid foliar fertilizer(Wanfeng 2) onto the leaves of cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach through contrast experiment in a greenhouse. The results showed that the yield increments of amino acid foliar fertilizer treatments in cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach were 11.57%, 4.43% and 12.41% respectively, and the output-input ratios were 64.52 ∶ 1, 53.31 ∶ 1 and 55.14 ∶ 1 respectively. Amino acid foliar fertilizer can influence the quality of greenhouse vegetables. The total sugar content of the cucumbers, eggplants, and water spinach significantly increased by 12.00%, 22.30%and 12.10% respectively. The vitamin C content increased by 4.76%, 24.80%, and10.90% respectively compared with the control. In conclusion, the spraying of amino acid foliar fertilizer could improve the yield and the nutritive quality of vegetables such as cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach.

Effect of Amino Acid Fertilizer on Flue-cured Tobacco Fertilizer Reducing and Efficiency Increasing

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effect of amino acid fertilizer on the growth, development and quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Method] With Yunyan 87 as tested flue-cured tobacco varieties, three treatments （chemical fertilizer （control）, chemical fertilizer＋solid amino acid, chemical fertilizer＋liquid amino acid） were set up to study the effects of amino acid fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco fertilizer reducing and efficiency increasing by means of contrast in the same field. [Result] The flue-cured tobacco applied solid amino acid fertilizer had the best performances of overall agronomic traits and the highest yield, while liquid amino acid fertilizer was conductive to the top leaf opening, making the raw tobacco appearance best, and could increase the proportion of middle and high quality tobacco, gaining good economic benefits. The flue-cured tobacco treated by liquid amino acid fertilizer had the optimal ratio of total sugar to nicotine and disaccharide differences in tobacco leaves, and the best coordination of chemical composition. Compared with the contrel, tobacco treated by amino acid fertilizer had less irritating and more comfortable taste, and the tobacco treated by liquid amino acid had light miscellaneous gas, and the best overall performance of sensory quality. [Conclusion] Chemical fertilizer＋liquid amino acids is conductive to promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco leaves.

Effects of Amino Acid Selenium Foliar Fertilizer on Selenium Content and Quality of Mango

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the treatment methods of amino acid selenium fertilizer suitable for increasing the selenium content of mangoes and improving the quality of mangoes,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the production of selenium-enriched mangoes.[Methods]With Tainong mango as a test material,the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer was applied by eight treatment methods to investigate the changes of selenium,soluble solid,vitamin C,and titratable acid contents in mango flesh and peel.[Results]Spraying amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer increased the selenium content of mango flesh.The selenium contents of the treatment groups T2,T3,T4 and T5 reached the selenium-enriched standard,and the T2 treatment group had the highest selenium content(0.020 mg/kg).The selenium contents in the peel of all treatment groups were greater than the corresponding selenium content in the flesh.Except for T1,the vitamin C contents of other treatment groups sprayed with amino acid selenium fertilizer increased compared with the control,and that of the T2 treatment group increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the control,the soluble solids of the treatment groups sprayed with amino acid selenium fertilizer once also increased.The treatment method of spraying amino acid selenium fertilizer with a dosage of 12000 ml/hm2 once(T2)achieved the best effect of increasing the selenium content and improving the quality of mangoes.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for increasing the selenium content of mangoes and improving the current situation of insufficient selenium intake.

Amino Acid Contents of Indigofera arrecta Leaves after Application of Foliar Fertilizer

The experiment aimed to investigate foliar fertilizer application effects on amino acid content of Indigofera leaves. lndigofera arrecta was planted in plots during both rainy and dry seasons. Foliar fertilizer concentrations consisted of 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, 40 g and 50 g, which solved in 10 L solvent were appIied on sixteen individual plants per plot, The fertilizer was applied 4 times during vegetative growing period. Block randomized design with 3 replications was used in this experiment. The foliar fertilizer containing 20%-22% N （N total）, 15%-16% P （P205）, 15%-16% K, 1.5% Mg, 1% Ca, 1% Fe, 1.42% Zn, 0.53% Cu, 0.88% Mo, 0.53% B and growth hormone 0.025% indole acetic acid （1AA） and giberelic acid （GA） was applied. Samples of each plot were composited leaves from 3 harvest times. The result showed that the foliar fertilizer did not affect aspartic acid, seriue, histidine, threonine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, iso-leusine and leusine content oflndigofera leave. Foliar fertilizer application up to 50 g/10 L resulted in higher （P 〈 0.05） glutamate acid, glysine, arginine, alanine, proline and lysine than those of other fertilizer levels.

Effects of Different Amino Acid Fertilizers on Growth,Development and Quality of Mini Watermelon under Substrate Cultivation

In order to select suitable mini watermelon varieties for spring greenhouse cultivation under substrate cultivation,the field character,yield character,quality character and trade trait of six new mini watermelon varieties with red flesh were compared in the test.The results showed that mini watermelon applied with alanine and arginine had obvious advantages in quality character,yield character and trade trait.The yields reached 3876.8 and 44120.20 kg/667m2;the weight of single melon reached 1.98 and 2.10 kg;and the central sugar content reached 13.34%and 13.25%,respectively.Meantime,mini watermelon was juicy,sweet,tasty and refreshing,and was suitable for planting under substrate cultivation.

Favorable and unfavorable amino acid residues in water-soluble and transmembrane proteins

We analyzed the amino acid residues present in the water-soluble and transmembrane proteins of 6 thermophilic and 6 mesophilic species of the domains Archaea and Eubacteria, and characterized them as favorable or unfavorable. The characterization was performed by comparing the observed number of each amino acid residue to the expected number calculated from the percentage of nucleotides present in each gene. Amino acids that were more or less abundant than expected were considered as favorable or unfavorable, respectively. Comparisons of amino acid compositions indicated that the water-soluble proteins were rich in charged residues such as Glu, Asp, Lys, and His, whereas hydrophobic residues such as Trp, Phe, and Leu were abundant in transmembrane proteins. Interestingly, our results found that although the Trp residue was abundant in transmembrane proteins, it was not defined as favorable by our calculations, indicating that increased numbers of a particular amino acid does not necessary indicate it is a favorable residue. Amino acids with high G + C content such as Ala, Gly, and Pro were frequently observed as favorable in species with low G + C content. Comparatively, amino acids with low G + C content such as Phe, Tyr, Lys, Ile, and Met were frequently observed as favorable in species with high G + C content. These are the examples to increase the supply of amino acids than expected. Amino acids with neutral G + C content, i.e., Glu and Asp were favorable in water-soluble proteins from all species analyzed, and Cys was unfavorable both in water-soluble and transmembrane proteins. These results indicate that amino acid compositions are essentially determined by the nucleotide sequence of the genes, and the amino acid content is altered by a deviation from expectation.

Effects of bamboo charcoal-based bio-fertilizer on wine bamboo sap yield and nutrient composition

To explore fertilization methods for wine bamboo cultivation in southwestern semi-arid areas of China, this study analyzed annual changes in sap yield and nutrient composition from May 2013 to March 2015 by using bamboo charcoal-based bio-fertilizer （ZT） and organic fertilizer treatments （CK）. The study also provided basic data for functional beverage preparation and for application of ZT. The results of the two experimental cycles revealed that under the ZT treatment, sap was available for collection from May, the beginning of the rainy season, to November, the beginning of the dry season. The period of abundance was July to October with the highest yield of sap of 3.18 L stalk-1 in September, 2014, still lower than the moso bamboo sap, which was likely due to the scale of sap production of monopodial bamboos being different from that of sympodial bamboos. In January, trace amounts of sap were still detected, suggesting that the effect of the treatment was significant. Moreover,in the dry season, soil water content and soil temperatures at 10-15 cm depths indicated that the fertilizer had the ability to maintain soil temperatures and moisture. In both fertilizer treatments, the correlation between the collected sap and environmental parameters was significant. In the ZT treatment for the entire 2 years, the effectual environ- mental factors were soil water at 10-15 cm, air tempera- tures, and wind speeds. The same determining factors were observed for the rainy season. In the CK treatments, the effectual environmental factors for the entire year and the rainy season were soil water at 0-5 cm and air moisture. The bamboo charcoal-based bio-fertilizer elevated the potassium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper, and total phosphorus content, simultaneously increasing the sap yield, protein and reducing sugar contents, and with a relative increase in sap pH. The wine bamboo sap con- tained 18 amino acids. Glutamic acid, alanine and proline were the most abundant. Compared to the controls, the treatment showed higher levels of all amino acids. Thus, the ZT treatment could be more beneficial to the development of root systems because the function of heat preservation and moisture retention prolong the sap collection period, increase sap yields, and elevate mineral element, conventional nutrients, and amino acid contents with evident fertilization effects and broader application prospects.

Effects of the fertilizer and water management on amino acids and volatile components in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines

The amino acids and the volatile substances in grapes and wines play important roles in their quality,and the concentrations of these substances can be changed by how a vineyard is managed,e.g.,irrigation and fertigation regimes.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fertilizer and water management on the distribution of amino acids,the volatile component profiles,and the sensory characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines.The results showed that the amino acid concentration in grape berries was the highest under the 100%local fertilizer rate(HF)and 100%water irrigation quota(HW)treatment,and the volatile component concentration in wine was the highest under HF and 80%water irrigation quota(MW)treatment.The effect of irrigation on the amino acid content in grapes was greater than that of fertigation.The synergistic effect of fertilizer and water on arginine,serine,and glutamine in grape berries was significant.The interactive effect of fertigation and irrigation on the volatile substance in grapes was greater than that of fertigation and irrigation alone.The influence of irrigation on volatile substances in wines was greater than that of fertigation.In addition,there was also a correlation between the concentrations of multiple amino acids in grapes and volatile components in wines.Principal component analysis showed that the wine from the HFMW treatment had the best quality among all treatments.

氨基酸水溶肥在茶树上的应用效果研究

为了解氨基酸水溶肥在茶树上的施用效果,开展对比试验,以常规施肥作为对照组CK1,在此基础上喷施氨基酸水溶肥为处理A,喷施等量清水为处理CK2。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,喷施氨基酸水溶肥能促进机采茶园秋季抹茶增产13.3%,机采叶叶绿素含量提高13.6%,机采叶中茶多酚、水浸出物、游离氨基酸含量分别提高3.60、2.90、0.69个百分点。经济效益分析发现,与常规施肥相比,茶园喷施氨基酸水溶肥可以新增收益2 778.75元/hm~2。因此,采用常规施肥联合氨基酸水溶肥喷施能有效促进桐庐茶叶提质增效,促进茶农增收,具有较大的推广应用价值。

The effects of fall fertilization on the growth of Chinese pine and Prince Rupprecht’s larch seedlings

Nutrient loading in the fall is a practical way to improve seedling quality and has been proven to increase nutrient accumulation,translocation and utilization.Few studies have reported on the variation in free amino acids as a result of fall fertilization,especially for diff erent seasonal needle habits(evergreen,deciduous).Therefore,a balanced two-factor factorial design with one fall fertilization treatment(10 mg N/seedling)and Chinese pine(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.)and Prince Rupprecht’s larch(Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr.)seedlings was used to examine growth response over one nursery season.Associated changes between fall fertilization,N storage and free amino acids were analyzed.Results showed that:(1)stem height,diameter and biomass for both species were similar between controls and fall fertilization treatments;(2)compared to controls,fall fertilization increased Chinese pine needle and root N by 17.7%and 36.9%,respectively.For Prince Rupprecht’s larch,fall fertilization resulted in 26.3%and 34.54%more N in stem and roots,respectively,than controls;(3)the three main amino acids in control and fertilization treatments in Prince Rupprecht’s larch seedlings were glutamine,arginine and proline,and in Chinese pine seedlings were glutamine,arginine andγ-amino butyric acid;(4)total amino acid contents were not signifi cantly increased by fall fertilization,but glutamine in Chinese pine and Prince Rupprecht’s larch increased by 64.2%and 35.2%,respectively.Aboveground biomass of Prince Rupprecht’s larch had higher proline contents than Chinese pine,which suggests that the stress resistance of the aboveground tissue may be higher for Prince Rupprecht’s larch.The results indicate that diff erent plant organs with various response are well adapted to nitrogen loading for nutrient storage in evergreen and deciduous conifer seedlings.

信阳毛尖茶园施用氨基酸叶面肥的效果初探

为探讨不同浓度的氨基酸叶面肥对信阳有机茶园的产量及品质的影响,在新县香山湖有机茶园开展有机氨基酸叶面肥的喷施试验。分别设置0.300、0.150、0.075 g/L 3个处理,同时以清水作为对照,每隔1周喷施1次,共3次;于2021年3月30日、4月14日、6月17日采摘新梢,分别测定品质成分、芽叶性状指标与产量,并评价其经济效益。结果表明,喷施有机氨基酸叶面肥能提高信阳毛尖春茶茶多酚与游离氨基酸含量,显著降低春茶的酚氨比;酚氨比以为0.150 g/L处理最低,同时游离氨基酸含量最高,比对照提升了5.05%~5.45%,其中以4月14日采摘的春茶游离氨基酸提升效果最为显著。从芽叶性状来看,0.075 g/L和0.150 g/L处理均能使百芽质量略减,芽密度显著增加,使茶叶更符合高品质春茶的芽叶形状。从经济效益的角度来看,0.150 g/L处理,经济效益增加最多,较对照增加了55.60%。综合茶叶农学和经济效益,0.15 g/L的有机氨基酸叶面肥最有利于信阳毛尖春茶增产增收,但夏茶喷施有机氨基酸叶面肥不会取得显著效果。

氨基酸水溶肥对枇杷幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响

【目的】探讨氨基酸水溶肥对枇杷生长及养分吸收的影响。【方法】以1 a生‘大五星’幼苗(Eriobotrya japonica L.)为试材,喷施稀释0(对照,蒸馏水)、50、100、150和200倍的氨基酸水溶肥,测定相关生理指标。【结果】氨基酸水溶肥增加了枇杷幼苗的生物量,且100倍时枇杷幼苗根系和地上部生物量最大,分别较对照增加了21.45%和44.41%。氨基酸水溶肥提高了枇杷幼苗全氮、全磷和全钾含量,且100倍时枇杷幼苗地上部全氮和全磷含量最高,分别较对照提高了70.01%和32.49%;150倍时地上部全钾含量最高,较对照提高了36.44%。相关分析和灰色关联度分析表明,枇杷幼苗全氮、全磷和全钾含量与生物量密切相关,表明氨基酸水溶肥促进枇杷幼苗吸收养分进而促进幼苗生长。【结论】氨基酸水溶肥可有效促进枇杷幼苗的生长和养分吸收,并以稀释100倍时效果最佳。

氨基酸液态肥对“蜜脆”苹果生长发育的影响

为明确氨基酸液态肥对苹果树体生长发育的影响,以2年生“蜜脆”苹果为试材,比较了不同施肥量处理对苹果幼树生长发育的影响。结果表明,适量氨基酸液态肥处理能促进“蜜脆”苹果幼树生长,其中,A5处理1年生枝长度最大,较尿素处理增加了10.42%;A4处理显著增加了“蜜脆”幼树总枝量和短枝数量,较尿素处理分别增加18.34%和23.68%。A5处理的“蜜脆”幼树叶片叶面积、叶绿素、全氮、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量显著高于尿素处理,分别增加了10.57%、17.73%、10.85%、17.74%和28.08%。A4和A5处理显著增加了“蜜脆”苹果休眠期顶芽与腋芽内的可溶性糖含量,较尿素处理分别增加了4.52%、15.38%和9.03%、23.78%。综合研究结果,氨基酸液态肥可促进“蜜脆”苹果幼树生长发育,适宜施肥量为每株树1.05~1.35 L。

鱼蛋白水溶氨基酸肥的制备及其对植物生长发育的影响

水溶性氨基酸肥料是一种新型的植物功能性有机肥料。为探究水溶氨基酸肥对植物生长的影响,本文以鱼产品下脚料为原料,通过合理优化料水比、蛋白酶种类和酶量以及水解条件制备水溶性氨基酸肥料。进而通过水培试验以不同稀释倍数的鱼蛋白水溶肥对小麦百农矮抗58进行施肥,确定最适稀释倍数,并分别采取喷施与浇施两种方法对番茄新中蔬四号进行施肥,研究水溶性氨基酸肥不同施肥处理对农作物生长发育的影响。结果表明:以1∶3料液比、添加0.1%碱性蛋白酶、50℃酶解4 h条件下,利用鱼蛋白下脚料可以制备可溶氨基酸总量为16.925 mg·g^(-1),且植物易利用氨基酸比例高(约50%)的鱼蛋白水溶肥。水培试验表明鱼蛋白氨基酸水溶肥的最适施用浓度为稀释100倍(DB100)。DB100显著提高了小麦种子萌发率和种子活力指数,促进了小麦幼苗的根长和根冠比(P<0.05)。以DB100作为稀释标准,盆栽番茄喷施氨基酸肥显著提高了番茄幼苗的株高(22.9%)、叶面积(38%)和叶片叶绿素含量(33.3%)(P<0.05),且降低了番茄叶片丙二醛含量(26.7%,P<0.05)。而水溶肥浇施与对照CK相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。盆栽试验说明叶面喷施水溶肥能够直接为植物提供营养物质,植物易吸收和利用,从而促进番茄的生长发育,增强植物叶光合作用效率,提高植物抗氧化能力。综上所述,合理使用水溶氨基酸肥可以显著促进植物种子萌发和幼苗生长,而叶面喷施水溶氨基酸肥显著促进了植物叶片的光合效率和植株的生长。

氨基酸肥料和鼠李糖脂配施对番茄耐盐性和产量的影响

以中度盐渍土为试验土壤,以普罗旺斯番茄品种为试验材料,探索了不同配比氨基酸肥料和鼠李糖脂对番茄生长发育、耐盐性和产量的影响。结果表明:在中度盐渍化土壤常规施肥(氮磷钾复合肥N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=20∶10∶15基施,高钾复合肥N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=10∶5∶25追施)条件下,氨基酸肥料单施(灌施氨基酸肥料300 L·hm^(-2))显著提高了番茄脯氨酸含量,较常规施肥提高13.9%。氨基酸肥料配施24 L·hm^(-2)鼠李糖脂处理可进一步提高番茄耐盐性和降低细胞氧化损伤,与氨基酸肥料单施相比,该处理下过氧化物酶活性和脯氨酸含量分别显著增加31.4%和20.6%,叶片超氧阴离子(O_(2)^(-))产生速率、丙二醛含量和Na^(+)/K^(+)分别显著降低23.8%、26.6%和43.0%。同时,氨基酸肥料配施24 L·hm^(-2)鼠李糖脂处理的番茄产量、可溶性糖和Vc含量最高,较氨基酸肥料单施处理分别显著增加38.5%、14.2%和18.2%。总体来看,以300 L·hm^(-2)氨基酸肥料配施24 L·hm^(-2)鼠李糖脂效果最佳,可有效缓解盐胁迫对细胞膜的损伤,提高叶片渗透调节能力和光合作用,增强番茄的耐盐性,实现产量和品质协同提升。

氨基酸肥料对日光温室辣椒生长、产量及品质的影响

【目的】以华美105辣椒为试材,研究两种氨基酸肥料对日光温室辣椒生长、产量与产品品质的影响。【方法】以不施氨基酸肥(CK)为对照,设置不同用量动物源氨基酸肥料T和植物源氨基酸肥料A,两种肥料各设置270、405、540 kg/hm^(2) 3个质量浓度梯度。【结果】增施两种氨基酸肥料均可不同程度促进辣椒植株的生长,提高产量,改善果实品质。两种肥料均以270 kg/hm^(2)浓度处理的增产效果较好,以540 kg/hm^(2)处理对果实品质提升的效果较好。动物源氨基酸肥料T的增产和改善果实品质的效果均优于植物源氨基酸肥料A。动物源氨基酸肥料T处理较CK增产8.21%~13.02%,植物源氨基酸肥料A处理较CK增产7.61%~10.52%;动物源氨基酸肥料T处理的VC、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量较CK分别提高19.19%~38.38%、12.37%~35.78%、27.27%~59.09%;植物源氨基酸肥料A处理的VC、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量较CK分别提高11.11%~19.19%、7.69%~23.74%、24.54%~50%。【结论】两种氨基酸肥料均可促进日光温室越冬茬辣椒的生长,提高产量并改善品质,动物源氨基酸肥料T的增产和改善果实品质的效果均优于植物源氨基酸肥料A。

氨基酸肥和腐植酸肥配施尿素对土壤有效氮及辣椒产量的影响

以“美国红”辣椒为试材,采用大田试验方法,在相同供氮水平下,共设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(F)、40%氨基酸肥N+60%尿素N(FA)、40%腐植酸肥N+60%尿素N(FH)、20%氨基酸肥N+20%腐植酸肥N+60%尿素N(FAH)5个处理,研究了氨基酸肥和腐植酸肥配施尿素对辣椒土壤有效氮、微生物量氮含量、相关酶活性及辣椒产量的影响,以期为河西灌区辣椒土壤的培肥模式提供参考依据。结果表明:各处理根际土壤氮供应指标、生物学特性指标含量均为各土层中最高,氨基酸肥、腐植酸肥配施尿素对比单施尿素对土壤全氮提升效果并不明显,但对土壤有效氮、土壤微生物量氮、土壤脲酶活性提升效果显著,氨基酸肥、腐植酸肥配施尿素能够有效提高辣椒产量,改善辣椒干物质分配比例。各处理以FA处理提升效果最为明显。根际土中,对比单施尿素土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量分别提升了12.69%、27.58%;0~20 cm土层中,对比单施尿素土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量分别提升了14.24%、41.75%;20~40 cm土层中,对比单施尿素土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量分别提升了21.47%、58.85%。F、FA、FH、FAH处理每667 m^(2)产量对比CK增产率分别为10.72%、15.19%、14.64%、12.92%。相关性分析表明各指标间呈极显著正相关。由此可见,氨基酸、腐植酸肥配施尿素能够有效提高土壤有效氮含量及辣椒产量,且各处理以40%氨基酸肥+60%尿素提升潜力最大。

外源氨基酸对草莓生长及养分吸收的影响

以“红颜”草莓为试材,采用水肥一体化滴灌施肥的方法,研究了在农民常规管理(对照)的基础上,减少50%化肥施用量(优化施肥)并添加氨基酸水溶肥(氨基酸处理)对草莓植株生长、产量、品质及矿质养分吸收的影响,以期为氨基酸水溶肥在草莓生产中应用提供参考依据。结果表明:农民常规管理的草莓植株的株高、茎粗、冠幅、SPAD值和生物量均最高,与优化施肥相比,氨基酸处理以上指标分别增加1.61%、1.59%、4.37%、2.71%和6.84%。与对照相比,减施化肥产量均降低;但与优化施肥相比,增施氨基酸水溶肥产量显著提高15.95%。与对照相比,氨基酸处理N、P2O5、K2O化肥偏生产力分别显著增加41.52%、75.18%和44.65%。氨基酸处理果实纵径(4.67 cm)、单果质量(21.28 g)、还原糖含量(8.79 g·(100g)^(-1))、可溶性固形物含量(11.47%)和维生素C含量(64.38 mg·(100g)^(-1))均最高。与对照相比,优化施肥和氨基酸处理的果实总糖分别增加8.83%和22.28%,有机酸分别升高42.50%和40.00%,糖酸比分别下降21.12%和12.08%。氨基酸处理的草莓植株养分吸收通量N(2419.39 mg·株^(-1)·d^(-1))、P(127.37 mg·株^(-1)·d^(-1)、K3191.98 mg·株^(-1)·d^(-1))均最大,与优化施肥相比,氨基酸处理的N、P、K吸收通量分别增加1.90%、9.56%和21.37%。综上所述,在农民常规管理施肥的基础上,大量减少化肥的施用量会降低草莓植株的营养生长、果实产量和品质,但在化肥减施基础上添加氨基酸水溶肥,能够提高草莓果实品质,并在一定程度上恢复产量,还可以促进草莓植株的生长势平衡及对矿质养分的吸收量。

叶面喷施氨基酸和钾肥对安吉白茶产量与品质的影响

早春冷害是影响春茶生产的主要危害因子之一,通过叶面施肥提高茶树的耐寒性和早期鲜叶产量具有广泛的实际意义。本文通过田间试验研究了叶面喷施氨基酸(AA1、AA2)、钾元素(K1、K2)和两者的混合液(AA-K1、AA-K2)对安吉白茶产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与喷施清水(CK处理)相比,叶面喷施氨基酸与钾元素混合液(AA-K1和AA-K2处理)显著提高了安吉白茶早期鲜叶产量和总产量(P<0.05)。对叶绿体超微结构观察发现,AA-K1处理的叶片在复绿期淀粉粒明显增大。K1、K2处理能明显增加安吉白茶白化前期和复绿期叶片总叶绿素含量,K2处理能明显增加安吉白茶白化前期、白化期、复绿期叶片类胡萝卜素含量。K2、AA-K1处理的可溶性糖含量差异不显著,但均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。与CK处理相比,氨基酸与钾元素混合液(AA-K1和AA-K2处理)能提高幼叶氨基酸总量,儿茶素含量也显著提高,但咖啡碱含量差异不显著。综上所述,叶面喷施氨基酸与钾元素混合液(AA-K1和AA-K2处理)提高了安吉白茶早期鲜叶产量且改善幼叶品质的效果明显,对含氨基酸大量元素水溶肥料的研制具有实际参考价值。

氨基酸肥与尿素配施对辣椒土壤有机氮组分与酶活性的影响

以制干辣椒为试材,采用田间氨基酸肥与尿素配施试验,在相同施氮量下设置7个施肥处理,分别为不施肥(CK)、单施尿素(M0)、20%氨基酸肥+80%尿素(M20)、40%氨基酸肥+60%尿素(M40)、60%氨基酸肥+40%尿素(M60)、80%氨基酸肥+20%尿素(M80)、100%氨基酸肥(M100),测定辣椒收获期0~20、20~40 cm土层中有机氮组分的含量,以及土壤蛋白酶、脲酶、硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性,研究氨基酸肥与尿素配施对土壤有机氮组分及土壤氮素相关酶活性的影响,并分析有机氮组分与土壤酶活性的相关性,以期为辣椒生产中合理施用氨基酸肥提供参考依据。结果表明:配施氨基酸肥能显著提高土壤有机氮组分含量,其中酸解铵态氮>氨基酸态氮>酸解未知态氮>未酸解氮>氨基糖态氮。当施用氨基酸肥比例增加时,同一土层的总氮、氨基酸态氮、铵态氮、未知态氮含量以及脲酶、蛋白酶和硝酸还原酶的活性均为先上升后下降。在有机氮组分中,除氨基糖态氮和未酸解氮外,其他处理在M20时达最大;土壤酶活性中,除蛋白酶M20处理最大外,其他处理在M60达最大。相关性分析表眀,酸解总氮与全氮含量呈显著正相关,而酸解总氮与未酸解氮含量呈显著负相关,氨基糖态氮、酸解未知态氮和全氮含量与4种酶活性均呈显著正相关。综上所述,M20处理土壤供氮潜力最高,能够有效提高辣椒氮肥利用效率。