ZrO2/TiO2 composite photocatalytic film was produced on the pure titanium substrate using in-situ Zr（OH）4 colloidal particle by the micro-arc oxidation technique and characterized by scanning electron microscope （...ZrO2/TiO2 composite photocatalytic film was produced on the pure titanium substrate using in-situ Zr（OH）4 colloidal particle by the micro-arc oxidation technique and characterized by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and ultraviolet-visible （UV-Vis） spectrophotometer. The composite film shows a lamellar and porous structure which consists of anatase, futile and ZrO2 phases. The optical absorption edge of film is shifted to longer wavelength when ZrO2 is introduced to TiO2. Furthermore, the photocatalytic reaction rate constants of degradation of rhodamine B solution with ZrO2/TiO2 composite film and pure TiO2 film under ultraviolet irradiation are measured as 0.0442 and 0.0186 h 1, respectively.展开更多
Asphaltene-ceramic composite membranes were fabricated from ceramic supports and an asphaltene component, which was obtained from the separation of coal to give a kind of new carbonaceous precursor material. Using SEM...Asphaltene-ceramic composite membranes were fabricated from ceramic supports and an asphaltene component, which was obtained from the separation of coal to give a kind of new carbonaceous precursor material. Using SEM and thermogravimetric analysis to measure the microstructure and properties of the asphaltene component allowed the porosity, permeability, and retention ratios to be determined. The results show that the asphaltene component can be regarded as a good carbon membrane precursor material because of its high carbon content and strong bonding capacity. When ceramic supports are impregnated with asphaltene colloid the asphaltene easily combines with the support surface and forms a good carbonaceous film after carbonization. Little of the asphaltene component permeates into the internal pores of the ceramic support. Although the number of coats applied to the substrate had little affect on the porosity of the asphaltene-ceramic composite membranes the permeability varied depend- ing upon the number of times the substrate was treated. The way bubbles escape from the film, and the phenomenon of coalescence, as affected by different film thicknesses also seem closely related to the number of coats. A composite membrane carbonized at a final temperature of 600℃ is relatively dense and the permeability of Fe（OH）3 colloid through it is very low. A membrane fired at 800℃ is porous and its permeability and retention of Fe（OH）3 colloid are 88 L/（m2 h MPa） and 85.3%, respectively when the trans-membrane pressure is 0.22 MPa.展开更多
We analyzed the amino acid residues present in the water-soluble and transmembrane proteins of 6 thermophilic and 6 mesophilic species of the domains Archaea and Eubacteria, and characterized them as favorable or unfa...We analyzed the amino acid residues present in the water-soluble and transmembrane proteins of 6 thermophilic and 6 mesophilic species of the domains Archaea and Eubacteria, and characterized them as favorable or unfavorable. The characterization was performed by comparing the observed number of each amino acid residue to the expected number calculated from the percentage of nucleotides present in each gene. Amino acids that were more or less abundant than expected were considered as favorable or unfavorable, respectively. Comparisons of amino acid compositions indicated that the water-soluble proteins were rich in charged residues such as Glu, Asp, Lys, and His, whereas hydrophobic residues such as Trp, Phe, and Leu were abundant in transmembrane proteins. Interestingly, our results found that although the Trp residue was abundant in transmembrane proteins, it was not defined as favorable by our calculations, indicating that increased numbers of a particular amino acid does not necessary indicate it is a favorable residue. Amino acids with high G + C content such as Ala, Gly, and Pro were frequently observed as favorable in species with low G + C content. Comparatively, amino acids with low G + C content such as Phe, Tyr, Lys, Ile, and Met were frequently observed as favorable in species with high G + C content. These are the examples to increase the supply of amino acids than expected. Amino acids with neutral G + C content, i.e., Glu and Asp were favorable in water-soluble proteins from all species analyzed, and Cys was unfavorable both in water-soluble and transmembrane proteins. These results indicate that amino acid compositions are essentially determined by the nucleotide sequence of the genes, and the amino acid content is altered by a deviation from expectation.展开更多
随着生活节奏的加快,人们对方便食品的需求日益增大,汤类预制菜肴营养简便,符合现代人的需求。胶体纳米颗粒(colloidal nanoparticles,CNPs)作为汤中营养物质的主要存在形式,通过探究其冻藏稳定性,可为汤类预制菜肴的生产和贮藏提供科...随着生活节奏的加快,人们对方便食品的需求日益增大,汤类预制菜肴营养简便,符合现代人的需求。胶体纳米颗粒(colloidal nanoparticles,CNPs)作为汤中营养物质的主要存在形式,通过探究其冻藏稳定性,可为汤类预制菜肴的生产和贮藏提供科学依据。该研究对0、7、14 d冻藏的羊骨汤(sheep bone soup,BS)、羊肉汤(sheep meat soup,MS)、羊骨肉汤(sheep bone and meat soup,BMS)分离出的CNPs营养成分和胶体学性质进行测定。此外,利用扫描电子显微镜表征CNPs的形貌,通过傅里叶变换近红外光谱分析二级结构。结果表明,随着冻藏时间的增加,BS和MS组CNPs的蛋白质和甘油三酯含量减少,3组CNPs总糖含量增加。BS和MS组CNPs的粒径增大,光散射强度减小。而BMS组CNPs营养成分和胶体学性质变化较小(P>0.05)。此外,BS和MS组CNPs发生聚集,BMS组CNPs分散良好,但3组CNPs二级结构无明显变化。因此,BMS组CNPs冻藏稳定性最佳,建议采用骨肉结合作为汤类预制菜肴的原料。展开更多
Hexagonal trumpet-like sodium hexafluorosilicate （SFS） flowers, grown on an ordered porous polystyrene film （OPPF）, were prepared via a synchronous dissolution/regrowth process. Their formation process can be divi...Hexagonal trumpet-like sodium hexafluorosilicate （SFS） flowers, grown on an ordered porous polystyrene film （OPPF）, were prepared via a synchronous dissolution/regrowth process. Their formation process can be divided into several steps： first, the dissolution of the silica spheres induced the crystallization of SFS onto the OPPF; second, some pores emerged on the closely packed bumps when being blown by the SiF4 gas; third, when the crystal was blown by continuous gas from the pores, the span of the top became larger than that of the bottom.展开更多
A new method was proposed to prepare binary composite colloidal crystal hydrogels by interlocking the as-prepared polystyrene/sulfonated polystyrene core/shell colloidal crystal hydrogel with a second responsive gel.T...A new method was proposed to prepare binary composite colloidal crystal hydrogels by interlocking the as-prepared polystyrene/sulfonated polystyrene core/shell colloidal crystal hydrogel with a second responsive gel.The shell thickness thus the core size were synchronously controlled by altering the sulfonation time and temperature.The proper monomers were radically polymerized forming the second gel within the first gel network.The composition and structure were confirmed.Nanopatterned hydrogel including porous bulk hydrogels and surface patterned hydrogels were derived by properly treating the binary composite hydrogels.Specially,some typical patterns such as arrays of “nano-bowls",arrays of “nano-ribbons" and “nano-mask" were achieved by changing the treatment method such as by immersion in the solvent,after solvent evaporation from the sample surface during high rate rotation.This work provides a method to prepare nanopatterned hydrogels.展开更多
利用质量分数电导率法研究了克拉玛依常压渣油悬浮床加氢裂化在不同反应时间和反应温度下的胶体稳定性,并验证Yen T F渣油胶体结构模型。结果表明,克拉玛依常压渣油悬浮床加氢裂化体系的胶体稳定性在生焦诱导期内下降迅速,在生焦诱导期...利用质量分数电导率法研究了克拉玛依常压渣油悬浮床加氢裂化在不同反应时间和反应温度下的胶体稳定性,并验证Yen T F渣油胶体结构模型。结果表明,克拉玛依常压渣油悬浮床加氢裂化体系的胶体稳定性在生焦诱导期内下降迅速,在生焦诱导期后下降趋于缓慢;反应温度的升高使体系胶体稳定性下降。从反应后产物的族组成及其数均相对分子质量探讨了体系胶体稳定性变化的原因。研究表明,随着反应的进行,克拉玛依常压渣油体系中作为分散介质的饱和烃和轻芳烃含量逐渐上升,作为胶溶剂的胶质含量显著下降,其可溶质相对分子质量均呈下降趋势;而作为分散相的沥青质质量分数及数均相对分子质量在生焦诱导期内上升,在生焦后开始下降。胶体体系族组成及数均相对分子质量的变化破坏了该体系原有的稳定结构,导致了体系胶体稳定性的下降。展开更多
基金Project(gf200901002)supported by the Open Research Fund of National Defense Key Disciplines Laboratory of Light Alloy Processing Science and Technology of Nanchang Hangkong University,China
文摘ZrO2/TiO2 composite photocatalytic film was produced on the pure titanium substrate using in-situ Zr（OH）4 colloidal particle by the micro-arc oxidation technique and characterized by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and ultraviolet-visible （UV-Vis） spectrophotometer. The composite film shows a lamellar and porous structure which consists of anatase, futile and ZrO2 phases. The optical absorption edge of film is shifted to longer wavelength when ZrO2 is introduced to TiO2. Furthermore, the photocatalytic reaction rate constants of degradation of rhodamine B solution with ZrO2/TiO2 composite film and pure TiO2 film under ultraviolet irradiation are measured as 0.0442 and 0.0186 h 1, respectively.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.50874108 and 50921002)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK2007038)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2010LKHX01)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Coal ProcessClean Utilization of Ministry of Education (No.CPEUKF08-06)
文摘Asphaltene-ceramic composite membranes were fabricated from ceramic supports and an asphaltene component, which was obtained from the separation of coal to give a kind of new carbonaceous precursor material. Using SEM and thermogravimetric analysis to measure the microstructure and properties of the asphaltene component allowed the porosity, permeability, and retention ratios to be determined. The results show that the asphaltene component can be regarded as a good carbon membrane precursor material because of its high carbon content and strong bonding capacity. When ceramic supports are impregnated with asphaltene colloid the asphaltene easily combines with the support surface and forms a good carbonaceous film after carbonization. Little of the asphaltene component permeates into the internal pores of the ceramic support. Although the number of coats applied to the substrate had little affect on the porosity of the asphaltene-ceramic composite membranes the permeability varied depend- ing upon the number of times the substrate was treated. The way bubbles escape from the film, and the phenomenon of coalescence, as affected by different film thicknesses also seem closely related to the number of coats. A composite membrane carbonized at a final temperature of 600℃ is relatively dense and the permeability of Fe（OH）3 colloid through it is very low. A membrane fired at 800℃ is porous and its permeability and retention of Fe（OH）3 colloid are 88 L/（m2 h MPa） and 85.3%, respectively when the trans-membrane pressure is 0.22 MPa.
文摘We analyzed the amino acid residues present in the water-soluble and transmembrane proteins of 6 thermophilic and 6 mesophilic species of the domains Archaea and Eubacteria, and characterized them as favorable or unfavorable. The characterization was performed by comparing the observed number of each amino acid residue to the expected number calculated from the percentage of nucleotides present in each gene. Amino acids that were more or less abundant than expected were considered as favorable or unfavorable, respectively. Comparisons of amino acid compositions indicated that the water-soluble proteins were rich in charged residues such as Glu, Asp, Lys, and His, whereas hydrophobic residues such as Trp, Phe, and Leu were abundant in transmembrane proteins. Interestingly, our results found that although the Trp residue was abundant in transmembrane proteins, it was not defined as favorable by our calculations, indicating that increased numbers of a particular amino acid does not necessary indicate it is a favorable residue. Amino acids with high G + C content such as Ala, Gly, and Pro were frequently observed as favorable in species with low G + C content. Comparatively, amino acids with low G + C content such as Phe, Tyr, Lys, Ile, and Met were frequently observed as favorable in species with high G + C content. These are the examples to increase the supply of amino acids than expected. Amino acids with neutral G + C content, i.e., Glu and Asp were favorable in water-soluble proteins from all species analyzed, and Cys was unfavorable both in water-soluble and transmembrane proteins. These results indicate that amino acid compositions are essentially determined by the nucleotide sequence of the genes, and the amino acid content is altered by a deviation from expectation.
文摘随着生活节奏的加快,人们对方便食品的需求日益增大,汤类预制菜肴营养简便,符合现代人的需求。胶体纳米颗粒(colloidal nanoparticles,CNPs)作为汤中营养物质的主要存在形式,通过探究其冻藏稳定性,可为汤类预制菜肴的生产和贮藏提供科学依据。该研究对0、7、14 d冻藏的羊骨汤(sheep bone soup,BS)、羊肉汤(sheep meat soup,MS)、羊骨肉汤(sheep bone and meat soup,BMS)分离出的CNPs营养成分和胶体学性质进行测定。此外,利用扫描电子显微镜表征CNPs的形貌,通过傅里叶变换近红外光谱分析二级结构。结果表明,随着冻藏时间的增加,BS和MS组CNPs的蛋白质和甘油三酯含量减少,3组CNPs总糖含量增加。BS和MS组CNPs的粒径增大,光散射强度减小。而BMS组CNPs营养成分和胶体学性质变化较小(P>0.05)。此外,BS和MS组CNPs发生聚集,BMS组CNPs分散良好,但3组CNPs二级结构无明显变化。因此,BMS组CNPs冻藏稳定性最佳,建议采用骨肉结合作为汤类预制菜肴的原料。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51273056,21202091,5121010502,21074031)Postdoctoral Science Foundation Projects of China(No.2013M531008)Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Education(No.12521398)
文摘Hexagonal trumpet-like sodium hexafluorosilicate （SFS） flowers, grown on an ordered porous polystyrene film （OPPF）, were prepared via a synchronous dissolution/regrowth process. Their formation process can be divided into several steps： first, the dissolution of the silica spheres induced the crystallization of SFS onto the OPPF; second, some pores emerged on the closely packed bumps when being blown by the SiF4 gas; third, when the crystal was blown by continuous gas from the pores, the span of the top became larger than that of the bottom.
文摘A new method was proposed to prepare binary composite colloidal crystal hydrogels by interlocking the as-prepared polystyrene/sulfonated polystyrene core/shell colloidal crystal hydrogel with a second responsive gel.The shell thickness thus the core size were synchronously controlled by altering the sulfonation time and temperature.The proper monomers were radically polymerized forming the second gel within the first gel network.The composition and structure were confirmed.Nanopatterned hydrogel including porous bulk hydrogels and surface patterned hydrogels were derived by properly treating the binary composite hydrogels.Specially,some typical patterns such as arrays of “nano-bowls",arrays of “nano-ribbons" and “nano-mask" were achieved by changing the treatment method such as by immersion in the solvent,after solvent evaporation from the sample surface during high rate rotation.This work provides a method to prepare nanopatterned hydrogels.
文摘利用质量分数电导率法研究了克拉玛依常压渣油悬浮床加氢裂化在不同反应时间和反应温度下的胶体稳定性,并验证Yen T F渣油胶体结构模型。结果表明,克拉玛依常压渣油悬浮床加氢裂化体系的胶体稳定性在生焦诱导期内下降迅速,在生焦诱导期后下降趋于缓慢;反应温度的升高使体系胶体稳定性下降。从反应后产物的族组成及其数均相对分子质量探讨了体系胶体稳定性变化的原因。研究表明,随着反应的进行,克拉玛依常压渣油体系中作为分散介质的饱和烃和轻芳烃含量逐渐上升,作为胶溶剂的胶质含量显著下降,其可溶质相对分子质量均呈下降趋势;而作为分散相的沥青质质量分数及数均相对分子质量在生焦诱导期内上升,在生焦后开始下降。胶体体系族组成及数均相对分子质量的变化破坏了该体系原有的稳定结构,导致了体系胶体稳定性的下降。
