Effect Models of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Formulation in Banana

[Objective] The aim was to modify the application amount of N,P and K fertilizer so as to provide a reference for establishing balanced fertilization index system of banana.[Method]The N,P and K fertilizer ＂3414＂ test was carried out on banana,and then regression analysis was performed on the fertilizer effect.Ternary quadratic,binary quadric and one-variable quadratic regression equations for the fertilizer effect on the banana yield were constructed.[Result]Suitable amount of N,P and K fertilizer had significant yield improving effect,whereas overdose of fertilizer application led to decreasing of utilization rate of fertilizer.Therefore,suitable amount of N,P and K fertilizer should be selected in production.It could be concluded that one-variable quadratic regression equations was the best model to calculate the suitable fertilizer amount.The best yield range of banana in the tested field was 44.193-45.904 t/hm2,while the corresponding optimum application amount of N,P2O5 and K2O was 795.1,262.3 and 1 236.9 kg/hm2 respectively,and the ratio among nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium are 1∶0.33∶1.55.[Conclusion]The result in this study could provide references for the soil types similar to the tested field.

Effects of Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium Combined Fertilization on Rice Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Jianghan Plain

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the rational formula for rice fertilization in Jianghan Plain.[Methods]An experiment on the combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was carried out in Jianghan Plain,an important rice producing area in Hubei,with a total of five treatments to study the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the fertilizer use efficiency and yield of rice.[Results]Fertilization had a significant effect on improving rice yield,and nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest effect on rice yield,followed by potassium fertilizer and phosphorous fertilizer.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the application of rice fertilizers and the reduction and efficiency improvement of chemical fertilizers in Jianghan Plain.

Effects of different ration of NPK fertilizer on the grain yield and protein content in forage rice

Different ratios of NPK were adopted in this research to study its effects on the objective traits of 2 early forage-rice varieties, and to obtain the optimum ratio to further improve the application technique in theory. At the same time, the possibility of increasing yield and protein content in the grain through cultivation technique was also studied. The conclusions were：

Effect of Fertilizer Application on the Yield of Walnut (Juglans regia L.)

[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the fertilization ratio of walnut, so as to provide a basis for rational fertilization of walnut. [Methods] Under the condition of gravelly yellow soil in Chaotian District, Guangyuan City, the orthogonal design of L_9(3~4) was used to test the fertilization ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. [Results] The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on walnut yield ranked as phosphate fertilizer>potassium fertilizer>nitrogen fertilizer. The different treatments had great effects on the yield of walnut, and for the land with gravelly yellow soil, the suitable annual fertilization amount of walnut was urea 1 200 g/plant + calcium superphosphate 1 500 g/plant + potassium sulfate 940 g/plant. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for rational fertilization of walnut in Sichuan Province.

钾肥种类及用量对低温胁迫下苜蓿根颈含氮保护物质含量及抗寒性的影响

为探讨钾肥种类及用量对低温胁迫下苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)越冬器官抗寒性的影响及含氮保护物质变化的生理机理,对苜蓿施用氯化钾、硫酸钾和磷酸二氢钾3种钾肥,设置0、100、200和300 kg/hm^(2) K_(2)O 4个用量处理,于越冬前取苜蓿越冬器官带回室内模拟4℃、-10℃、-20℃和-30℃低温胁迫处理,测定相对电导率、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和游离氨基酸含量,并进行相关性分析。结果表明:苜蓿根颈相对电导率随着温度的降低持续增长,游离氨基酸含量的变化趋势与之相反,其他指标则随着温度的降低表现为先升高后降低的趋势。3种钾肥处理的相对电导率随着施肥量的增加先降低后增长,其他指标均表现为先升高后降低的趋势;且在不同的低温胁迫处理下,以硫酸钾处理的苜蓿根颈相对电导率最低,其他指标含量最高,且在施用量为200 kg/hm^(2)K_(2)O时,苜蓿根颈相对电导率最低,较CK减少了23.37%~38.02%,可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和游离氨基酸含量最高且均显著高于CK(P<0.05),分别增长了32.48%~50.39%、43.95%~264.29%和56.50%~249.50%,说明施用硫酸钾种类钾肥200 kg/hm^(2) K_(2)O更有利于减缓苜蓿细胞液外渗程度,调节细胞渗透势,保护生物膜,提高苜蓿抗寒性。

Chinese yam yield is affected by soil nutrient levels and interactions among N, P, and K fertilizers

Objective: The current fertilization methods for Chinese yam are uneconomic and unfriend to environment. A rational one is very important to achieve desired balance of high yield of Chinese yam, economic and friend to environment. Here, we studied the effects of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) fertilizers on the yield of ’Qinfeng’ Chinese yam in shallow-groove directional cultivation.Methods: The experiments were conducted in Dehua County, Fujian Province, China using a "3414" optimal design. Overall, three fertilizer factors(N, P, and K) were evaluated at the following four levels: 0, no fertilizer;1, 0.5-fold the typical rate;2, typical fertilization rate;and 3, 1.5-fold the typical rate. There were 14 different fertilization treatments.Results: Treatment 6(N2P2K2) produced the longest(75.6 cm) and thickest tubers(4.9 cm) with the highest tuber fresh weight(1311.9 g) and yield(41 015.9 kg/hm2), whereas, treatment 1 produced the shortest(65.6 cm) and thinnest tubers(3.9 cm) with the lowest fresh weight(953.4 g) and yield(28 532.8 kg/hm2) among the 14 fertilizer combinations. The experimental data could be fitted to single-variable quadratic and binary quadratic models but not to a ternary quadratic polynomial model. Appropriate N, P, and K fertilizer application rates increased Chinese yam yield. However, excessive fertilization lowered the yield. Chinese yam yield was significantly and strongly correlated with the amounts of N, P, and K fertilizer applied.Conclusion: Based on the single variable quadratic and binary quadratic models, we propose that the quantities of N, P, and K fertilizer used to grow 1 hm^(2)’Qinfeng’ Chinese yam should be 360–388.3,90–100.95, and 416.3–675 kg, respectively.

我国大量元素水溶肥料产业发展现状

根据我国近年来大量元素水溶肥料登记信息,结合大量元素水溶肥料产品技术指标、产品和企业分布情况、产品性状及适宜作物等对其进行了统计分析。2009年1月—2012年9月,我国有效登记的大量元素水溶肥料产品有521个,其中国内产品496个;共涉及生产企业456家,其中国内企业435家,其产品中营养元素以N、P、K、Zn、B组合居多。统计表明,大量元素水溶肥料适用作物已达45种,主要作物品种为番茄、黄瓜、棉花、小白菜、水稻等。笔者还简述了我国大量元素水溶肥料的发展趋势,并提出了相应建议。

Spatiotemporal Changes in Soil Nutrients:A Case Study in Taihu Region of China

The accurate assessment of the spatiotemporal changes in soil nutrients influenced by agricultural production provides the basis for development of management strategies to maintain soil fertility and balance soil nutrients. In this paper, we combined spatial measurements from 2 157 soil samples and geostatistical analysis to assess the spatiotemporal changes in soil organic carbon （SOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, available phosphorus （AP） and available potassium content （AK） from the first soil survey （in the 1980s） to the second soil survey （in the 2000s） in the Taihu region of Jiangsu Province in China. The results showed that average soil nutrients in three soil types all exhibited the increased levels in the 2000s （except for AK in the yellow brown soil）. The standard deviation of soil nutrient contents increased （except for TN in the paddy soil）. Agricultural production in the 20 years led to increases in SOC, TN, AP and AK by 74, 82, 89 and 65%, respectively, of the Taihu areas analyzed. From the 1980s to 2000s all the nugget/sill ratios of soil nutrients indices were between 25 and 75% （except for AK in the yellow brown soil in the 2000s）, indicating moderate spatial dependence. The ratio of AP in the yellow brown soil in the 2000s was 88.74%, showing weak spatial dependence. The spatial correlation range values for SOC, TN, AP and AK in the 2000s all decreased. The main areas showing declines in SOC, TN and AP were in the northwest. For AK, the main region with declining levels was in the east and middle of western areas. Apparently, the increase in soil nutrients in the Taihu region can be mainly attributed to the large increase in fertilizer inputs, change in crop systems and enhanced residues management since the 1980s. Future emphasis should be placed on avoiding excess fertilizer inputs and balancing the effects of the fertilizers in soils.

抑制电导离子色谱法测定大量元素水溶肥料中硝态氮含量

建立了测定大量元素水溶肥料中硝态氮(NO_3^--N)的抑制电导离子色谱分析方法。在优化的色谱条件下,NO_3^-与水溶肥料中常见的其他阴离子实现了很好的分离。在0~20 mg/L范围内,NO_3^-的峰面积与其浓度线性关系良好(R^2=0.999 9),相对标准偏差为0.54%(n=7),方法检出限为0.007 mg/L,加标回收率为98.52%~102.10%。样品测定结果与行业标准NY/T 1116-2014进行了比较,结果表明,两种方法的测定结果无显著差异。本方法稳定、可靠、省时且干扰小,适合大量元素水溶肥料中硝态氮含量的批量测定。