A study of the properties of hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers used in drilling fluids

Hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers (HPAP) have been synthesized from acrylamide(AM), acrylate (AA), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and hydrophobic monomer (AP) in aqueous solution by radical polymerization. New polymer drilling fluids are made up of HPAP, which is used as viscosifiers and encapsulation agents. Properties of this system are reported in this paper. Results indicate that this system has a high value of yield point to plastic viscosity (YP/PV≥0.7), high viscosity at a low-shear rate (LSRV≥30000mPa·s), excellent shear thinning behavior, good solid-carrying behavior, resistance to shear, good thermal stability (as high as 140℃) and salt resistance. The system has excellent behavior in high-density solution of NaCl and in calcium and magnesium rich saline solutions. Hence, HPAP also can be used in saltwater polymer drilling fluids.

Preparation of Ultrafine Water-soluble Polymers Nanofiber Mats via Electrospinning

A series of water-soluble polymers such as poly（ethylene oxide）（PEO）, polyacrylamide（PAM） and poly（vinyl pyrrilidone）（PVP） was successfully prepared via the electrospinning of their aqueous solutions without the use of a surfactant. The effects of solution properties on the electrospinning of PEO, PAM and PVP solutions were investigated. The viscosity of the solution, charge density carried by the jet, and the surface tension of the solution are the key factors that influence the morphology and diameter size of the fibers. The viscosity of the solution was measured on a modular compact rheometer. The morphology and the diameter size distribution of the fibers were observed under an environmental scanning electron microscope（ESEM）. The results show that the diameters of the nanofibers electro spun from the solutions of these water soluble polymers were uniform and less than 300 nm.

Application of Water-Soluble Polymer in Dewatering of Fine Coal

The addition of water-soluble polymer to a fine coal slurry to enhance dewatering process is considered to be one of the most effective ways of solving the problems of dewatering of fine coal. A series of tests are conducted with a vacuum dewatering apparatus to study the effects of various factors such as the species of polymer, polymer dosage and its ways of addition, and the pH of fine coal slurry on filtrating and dewatering of fine coal.

SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES FOR MODIFICATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS. FORMATION OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPLEXES

The study of nanosecond dynamics of macromolecules with the lumines-cent methods make it possible to investigate the formation and functioning of polymericcomplexes, polymeric conjugates and macromolecular metal complexes, which are widelyused for solving many practical tasks. The nanosecond dynamics of macromolecules are ahighly sensitive indicator of interpolymer complexes (IPC) formation. It enables us to solvethe problems of studying IPC formation and stability and to investigate the interpolymerreactions of exchange and substitution. The investigation of changes in the rotational mo-bility of globular protein molecules as a whole makes it possible to determine the complexcomposition and its stability, and to control the course of polymer-protein conjugate forma-tion reaction. The nanosecond dynamics of polymers interacting with surfacants' ions (S)are the sensitive indicator of the S-polymer complex formation. A method for determin-ing the equilibrium constants of the S-polymer complex formation was developed on thebasis of the study of polymer chains mobility. It is established that nanosecond dynamicsinfluences the course of chemical reactions in polymer chains. Moreover, the marked effectof the nanosecond dynamics is also revealed in the study of photophysical processes (theformation of excimers and energy migration of electron excitation) in polymers with pho-toactive groups. It was found that the efficiency of both processes increases with increasingthe mobility of side chains, the carriers of photoactive groups.

XPS Study on Water-Soluble Polymer Surfactant Film

By means of changing the detection angle, the molecular conformation of a new type of polymer surfactant, acrylamide-poly(oxyethykene alkyl ether)acrylate-anionic monomer random copolymer, was studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) in detail.

Polymer-based nanoparticulate solid dispersions prepared by a modified electrospraying process

A modified electrospraying process is exploited to enhance the dissolution profiles of a poorly water-soluble drug. With polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a hydrophilic polymer matrix and ketoprofen (KET) as a model drug, polymer-drug composites in the form of nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. The surface morphologies, the physical status of the drug, and the drug-polymer interactions were studied using FESEM, DSC, XRD, and ATR-FTIR. FESEM observations demonstrated that the nanoparticles gradually decreased in size from 640 ± 350, to 530 ± 320, 460 ± 200 and 320 ± 160 nm as the KET content increased from 0, to 9.1%, 16.7% and 33.3% w/w, respectively. Results from DSC and XRD suggested that KET was distributed in the PVP matrix in an amorphous manner at the molecular level. This is thought to be due to their compatibility, arising through hydrogen bonding as demonstrated by ATR- FTIR spectra. In vitro dissolution tests showed that the nanoparticles released the incorporated KET within 1 min, evidencing markedly improved dissolution over pure KET and a KET-PVP physical mixture. Electrospraying can hence offer a facile route to develop new polymer composites for biomedical applications, in particular for improving dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs.

STUDY ON HIGH PERFORMANCE ANTI—WEAR ADDITIVES FROM WATER—SOLUBLE POLYMERIC LUBRICANT

A series of high performance lubricants of water-soluble polymers with telechelic or star structures has been studied. Their average molecular weights (M) over bar are 1800-6000. The chemical structures of the lubricants are characterized by their hydrophilic groups (-CH2CH2O-), -COOH, -OH, -CONH2 and antiwear active elements (S,P,Zn and Mo). The results of assessing for the anti-wear property indicate that this kind of water-soluble polymeric lubricants possesses excellent watersolubility, lubricity and anti-wear property. A preliminary study on the anti-wear mechanism of the polymers is performed by means of electron probe and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

STUDIES ON THE POLYMERIZATION OF β-CYCLODEXTRIN WITH EPICHLOROHYDRIN

Different proportions of β-cydodextrin and epichlorohydrin were used to prepare a group of β-cyclodextrin polymers. The relationship between the reaction extent and the molar ratios of reactants was discussed according to the results of ~1H-NMR, ^(13) C-NMR spectra and elemental analysis. Especially, high resolution ~1H-NMR spectra were usd for studying the reaction active sites and the extent of reaction. The solubility of oil soluble drugs in water was largely improved in the presence of water-soluble β-cyclodextrin polymer.

Polymer Coatings for Protection of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

Three major types of protective coating of wood and wood-based materials have been considered. These three types include the coatings based on carboxyl-containing water-soluble polymers which are easily cross-linked by inorganic salts or OH-containing compounds, pH-sensitive coatings and polymer multi-layer structures. First of three mentioned approaches allows affecting permeability and enhancing the prevention the loss of water from the surface of wood to its surrounding. The advantage of the second approach is its ability to vary and purposely adjust the polymer composition and the number and distribution of -COOH groups in the chain which make the originally water-soluble polymers completely insoluble. The strong feature of the third approach which includes broad use of hydrogen-bonded films produced by layer-by-layer self-assembly is the possibility of manipulation of coatings stability after construction.

氟硅聚合物海洋防污涂料研究进展

海洋生物污损严重制约了海洋资源的开发利用,涂装海洋防污涂料是目前避免海洋生物污损最广泛、最有效、最经济的手段之一。氟硅聚合物海洋防污涂料是一类非常具有发展前景的污损脱附型涂料,本文介绍了氟硅聚合物的4种常见的合成方法,包含阴离子开环聚合法、原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)、硅氢加成反应法、硫醇⁃烯点击法,同时从有机链段改性和纳米材料改性两方面介绍了氟硅聚合物的改性研究进展,并指出了氟硅聚合物海洋防污涂料面临的挑战和未来发展方向。

氟硅聚合物改性表面涂层的研究

氟硅聚合物在涂料领域有很重要应用。本文通过两种技术途径,分别制作高、中、低比例氟硅聚合物改性的涂层材料,对样品进行耐水性测试、防涂鸦测试和接触角测试。结果表明:采用技术途径1的样品(先涂一层乳液底料,之后再涂抹具有特殊用途的功能性涂层所得到的氟硅聚合物改性涂料)在疏水、耐水性能方面具有较好的表现。而采用技术途径2的样品(制备符合要求的混合涂料,在使用时一次性涂抹所得的氟硅聚合物改性涂料)在防涂鸦性能方面表现较好,氟硅聚合物改性剂的添加比例则与防涂鸦性能成反比,11.0%的氟硅聚合物乳胶漆在防涂鸦性能方面表现最好。两种技术途径得到的产品在疏油性方面效果相近,都具有一定的提升效果。

ASSOCIATION BEHAVIOR OF PORPHYRIN PENDANTS IN pH-SENSITIVE WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMER

A novel tripyridylporphyrin monomer,5-[4-[2-（acryloyloxy）ethoxy]phenyl]-10,15,20-tris（4-pyridyl）porphyrin （TrPyP）,was synthesized and polymerized with acrylamide（AM） to prepare the hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer PAM-TrPyP.The aggregation behavior of porphyrin pendants was investigated by UV-Visible and fluorescence spectra.The polymer displays a strong tendency of hydrophobic association even in dilute solutions.With increasing the concentration,the maximum absorption wavelength of Soret band changes from 416 nm to 407 nm,and the fluorescence corrected for the inner filter effect exhibits moderate concentration quenching.All the results indicate thatπ-πinteraction of porphyrin pendants plays a key role in association of PAM-TrPyP,and H-aggregates of porphyrins are mainly formed in the concentrated solution.On the other hand,dynamic light scattering（DLS） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM） were used to follow the changes in size and structure of the macromolecular assemblies with the concentration increase.The polymer aggregation conformation changes from loose ＂vesicle-like＂ morphology to solid globule accordingly.When pH value of solution decreases to 4.3,pyridine moieties on porphyrin pendants could be protonated and the H-aggregates formed in macromolecular matrix are destroyed by electrostatic repulsion interactions.

Alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins as cathode interlayers in high-performance polymer solar cells

Three alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins, Zn-TPyPMeI： zinc（II） meso-tetra（N-methyl-4-pyridyl） porphyrin tetra-iodide, Zn- TPyPAdBr： zinc（II） meso-tetra[1-（1-adamantylmethyl ketone）-4-pyridyl] porphyrin tetra-bromide and MnC1-TPyPAdBr： man- ganese（III） meso-tetra[1-（1-adamantylmethyl ketone）-4-pyridyl] porphyrin tetra-bromide were employed as cathode interlayers to fabricate polymer solar cells （PSCs）. The PCvaBM （[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester） and PCDTBT （poly[N-9＂- hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-（4＇,7＇-di-2-thienyl-2＇,3＇-benzothiadiazole）]）-blend films were used as active layers in polymer solar cells （PSCs）. The PSCs with alcohol/water-soluble porphyrins interlayer showed obviously higher power con- version efficiency （PCE） than those without interlayers. The highest PCE, 6.86%, was achieved for the device with MnCl- TPyPAdBr as an interlayer. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopic （UPS）, carrier mobility, atomic force microscopy （AFM） and contact angle （0） characterizations demonstrated that the porphyrin molecules can result in the formation of interfacial dipole layer between active layer and cathode. The interfacial dipole layer can obviously improve the open-circuit voltage （Voc） and charge extraction, and sequentially lead to the increase of PCE.

A Water-soluble Conjugated Polymer for Thiol Detection Based on ＂Tu rn-off＂ Effect

We investigated a novel water-soluble conjugated polymer （WSCP） for thiol detection based on ＂turn-off＂ ef- fect. This WSCP was modified with poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG） by disulfide linkages to achieve good solubility in aqueous solution （34 mg/mL） and high quantum yield （0.47）. The separation of water-soluble PEG chains from the conjugated backbone induced by the cleavage of the disulfide linkages would lead to a significant decrease of the water solubility and a dramatical fluorescence quenching of the probe. The combined intuitive images and fluores- cence spectrophotometer further confirmed that decreased solubility produced an aggregation of the hydrophobic conjugated backbone. The fluorescence intensity of the probe showed a good linear relationship with glutathione （GSH） （1-200 nmol·L^-1）, and the detection limit was 16 nmol·L^-1. This WSCP probe was confirmed to be a good sensing material with high selectivity to thiols by testing various biological molecules. And this WSCP probe ex- hibited good detection effect to intracellular thiols by testing Hela cells. Considering the good sensitivity and selec- tivity, the probe could be further used in vivo. In conclusion, this conjugated polymer probe made up for the draw- backs of the micromolecue probes and contributed to the development of new probes based on conjugated poly- mers.

Water-soluble crosslinked β-cyclodextrin polymer inclusion complexes with C60

At present, using cyclodextrins or cyclodextrin derivatives with suitable internal annular dimension to embed C60 so as to form inclusion complexes has been one of the main ways to improve C60＇s water-solubility. In three kinds of cyclodextrins (α-, β-, γ-CD), only γ-CD has cavity large enough to include C60 whereas α-, and β-CD have not. In the case of DMβCD, the "out-stretching" methyl groups enlarge the cavity so that it can include C60. Starting from the same thought, we use epichlorohydrin crosslinked

α,ω-端羟基亚苯基氟硅聚合物的合成及性能

在非平衡催化剂作用下,通过α,ω-端羟基聚甲基三氟丙基硅氧烷和亚苯基二硅醇单体的脱水缩聚反应,制得一系列α,ω-端羟基亚苯基氟硅聚合物,并研究了反应时间、催化剂用量、反应物浓度、单体比例等因素对所得聚合物的状态、特性黏度、分子量及分布、共聚组成的影响。采用红外、核磁、流变仪、热分析等手段对聚合物的结构、室温交联反应性、力学性能、耐高温性能和玻璃化转变进行了研究。结果表明,向主链中引入亚苯基在显著提高聚合物耐高温性能的同时,还有助于交联反应速率和力学性能的改善,并且当亚苯基含量低于30%(mol)时不会对聚合物的玻璃化温度(Tg)产生不利影响。分析原因,亚苯基的插入抑制了有机硅链的成环降解且提高了链的刚性(有利于耐高温性),客观上隔开并降低了大体积三氟丙基侧基对端羟基的屏蔽效应(有利于交联反应性),因而将聚合物制备成氟硅密封胶,具有较好的交联性能、力学性能和耐高低温性能。

氟硅聚合物材料的研究进展

氟硅聚合物材料是将高含氟基团引入有机硅材料的侧链所形成的一类新材料。在保留了有机硅材料本身优异性能的基础上,兼具了氟橡胶的良好耐有机溶剂等特性,具有优秀的耐高低温、耐老化、耐燃料、高力学性能等,因此逐渐得到了更深入的研究,并被广泛应用于不同工业领域。对现有氟硅聚合物材料的组成与分类进行了概括,简述了氟硅聚合物材料主要的组成部分、分类依据以及反应机理;回顾了氟硅聚合物材料的研究及发展历程;并对其未来发展方向进行了预测。

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(ⅩⅦ)——氟硅表面活性剂的合成及应用

综述了氟硅表面活性剂的主要合成方法,如硅氢加成法、自由基聚合法及缩聚法;介绍了氟硅表面活性剂在橡胶、涂料、润滑剂及其他精细化学品等方面的应用及性能,最后对氟硅表面活性剂的发展进行了展望。

新型水溶性氟硅聚合物的合成及性能

以八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)、1,3,5-三甲基-1,3,5-三(3′,3′,3′-三氟丙基)环三硅氧烷(D3F)、四甲基环四硅氧烷(D4H)和六甲基二硅氧烷(MM)为原料,经酸催化开环聚合反应制得含氟含氢聚硅氧烷(FPHMS),再在铂催化下,将FPHMS和烯丙基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚(F6)经硅氢加成反应,制得一种新型水溶性氟硅聚合物(FSP).用IR对FSP的结构进行表征,并对FSP的界面性能、发泡性能、耐酸碱盐稳定性和在织物整理中的应用性能进行测定.结果表明:FSP水溶液的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为1.0 g/L,此时的表面张力(γcmc)为23.5mN/m.质量分数为0.5%的FSP水溶液的发泡力为1.53,5 min的稳泡性为0.375.FSP溶液具有极佳的耐酸、碱、盐等化学稳定性.随着FSP用量的增加,被整理织物的柔软性逐渐增加,且整理织物的白度和吸水性变化不大.