Electrospinning-hot pressing technique for the fabrication of thermal and electrical storage membranes and its applications

The combination of electrospinning and hot pressing,namely the electrospinning-hot pressing technique(EHPT),is an efficient and convenient method for preparing nanofibrous composite materials with good energy storage performance.The emerging composite membrane prepared by EHPT,which exhibits the advantages of large surface area,controllable morphology,and compact structure,has attracted immense attention.In this paper,the conduction mechanism of composite membranes in thermal and electrical energy storage and the performance enhancement method based on the fabrication process of EHPT are systematically discussed.Moreover,the state-of-the-art applications of composite membranes in these two fields are introduced.In particular,in the field of thermal energy storage,EHPT-prepared membranes have longitudinal and transverse nanofibers,which generate unique thermal conductivity pathways;also,these nanofibers offer enough space for the filling of functional materials.Moreover,EHPT-prepared membranes are beneficial in thermal management systems,building energy conservation,and electrical energy storage,e.g.,improving the electrochemical properties of the separators as well as their mechanical and thermal stability.The application of electrospinning-hot pressing membranes on capacitors,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),fuel cells,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),and hydrogen bromine flow batteries(HBFBs)still requires examination.In the future,EHPT is expected to make the field more exciting through its own technological breakthroughs or be combined with other technologies to produce intelligent materials.

Textured Asymmetric Membrane Electrode Assemblies of Piezoelectric Phosphorene and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene Heterostructures for Enhanced Electrochemical Stability and Kinetics in LIBs

Black phosphorus with a superior theoretical capacity(2596 mAh g^(-1))and high conductivity is regarded as one of the powerful candidates for lithium-ion battery(LIB)anode materials,whereas the severe volume expansion and sluggish kinetics still impede its applications in LIBs.By contrast,the exfoliated two-dimensional phosphorene owns negligible volume variation,and its intrinsic piezoelectricity is considered to be beneficial to the Li-ion transfer kinetics,while its positive influence has not been discussed yet.Herein,a phosphorene/MXene heterostructure-textured nanopiezocomposite is proposed with even phosphorene distribution and enhanced piezo-electrochemical coupling as an applicable free-standing asymmetric membrane electrode beyond the skin effect for enhanced Li-ion storage.The experimental and simulation analysis reveals that the embedded phosphorene nanosheets not only provide abundant active sites for Li-ions,but also endow the nanocomposite with favorable piezoelectricity,thus promoting the Li-ion transfer kinetics by generating the piezoelectric field serving as an extra accelerator.By waltzing with the MXene framework,the optimized electrode exhibits enhanced kinetics and stability,achieving stable cycling performances for 1,000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1),and delivering a high reversible capacity of 524 m Ah g^(-1)at-20℃,indicating the positive influence of the structural merits of self-assembled nanopiezocomposites on promoting stability and kinetics.

Porous polybenzimidazole membranes with positive charges enable an excellent anti-fouling ability for vanadium-methylene blue flow battery

A cost-effective, high-performance and highly stable membrane has always been in intensively needed in aqueous organic-based flow batteries. Here we present a porous polybenzimidazole(PBI) membrane with positive charges that endow the membrane with a high rejection and an excellent anti-fouling ability for target organic molecule and asymmetric structure that affords a high conductivity for vanadiummethylene blue flow battery(V-MB FB). The morphologies and thickness of separating layer in particular of the porous PBI can be well adjusted by simply altering the polymer concentration in the cast solution and further afford the membrane with a controllable property in terms of both ion selectivity and ion conductivity. As a result, a V-MB FB assembled with a porous PBI membrane delivers a coulombic efficiency(CE) of 99.45% and an energy efficiency(EE) of 86.10% at a current density of 40 mA cm^(-2), which is 12% higher than that afforded by a Nafion 212 membrane. Most importantly, the V-MB FB demonstrates a methylene blue(MB) utilization of 97.55% at a theoretical capacity of 32.16 Ah L^(-1)(based on the concentration of MB in the electrolyte) because of the high ion conductivity of the membrane, which favors reducing the cost of a battery. The results suggest that the designed porous PBI membranes exhibit a very promising prospect for methylene blue-vanadium flow battery.

Development of CO2 Selective Poly（Ethylene Oxide）-Based Membranes： From Laboratory to Pilot Plant Scale

Membrane gas separation is one of the most promising technologies for the separation of carbon dioxide （CO2） from various gas streams. One application of this technology is the treatment of flue gases from combustion processes for the purpose of carbon capture and storage. For this application, poly（ethylene oxide）-containing block copolymers such as Pebax or PolyActiveTM polymer are well suited. The thin-film composite membrane that is considered in this overview employs PolyActiveTM polymer as a selective layer material. The membrane shows excellent CO2 permeances of up to 4 m^3（STP）.（m^2·h·bar）^-1 （1 bar = 105 Pa） at a carbon dioxide/nitrogen （CO2/N2） selectivity exceeding 55 at ambient temperature. The membrane can be manufactured reproducibly on a pilot scale and mounted into fiat-sheet membrane modules of different designs. The operating performance of these modules can be accurately predicted by specifically developed simulation tools, which employ single-gas permeation data as the only experimental input. The performance of membranes and modules was investigated in different pilot plant studies, in which flue gas and biogas were used as the feed gas streams. The investigated processes showed a stable separation performance, indicating the applicability of PolyActiveTM polymer as a membrane material for industrialscale gas processing.

Nanocomposite sodalite/ceramic membrane for pre-combustion CO2 capture： synthesis and morphological characterization

Carbon capture and storage （CCS） is amongst the possible options to reduce CO2 emission. In the application of CCS, CO2 capture techniques such as adsorption and membrane system have been proposed due to less energy requirement and environmental benign than the absorption process. However, membrane system has drawbacks such as poor membrane reproducibility, scale-up difficulty and high cost of the membrane supports. In this study synthesis and characterization of nanocomposite sodalite （HS）/ceramic membrane via ＂pore-plugging＂ hydrothermal synthesis （PPH） protocol for pre- combustion CO2 capture is reported. The morphology and crystallinity of the as-prepared membranes were checked with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Surface chemistry of the membrane was examined with Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. In nanocomposite architecture membranes, zeolite crystals are embedded within the pores of the supports instead of forming thin-film layers of the zeolite crystals on the surface of the supports. Compared to the conventional in situ direct hydrothermal synthesis, membranes obtained from PPH possess higher mechanical strength and thermal stability. In addition, defect control with nanocomposite architecture membranes is possible because the zeolite crystals are embedded within the pores of the support, thereby limiting the maximum defect size to the pore size of the support. Furthermore, the nanocomposite architecture nature of the membranes safeguards the membrane from shocks or abrasion that could promote formation of defects. The aforementioned advantages of the nanocomposite architecture membranes could be beneficial in developing high performance and cost-effective membrane materials for pre-combustion CO2 capture.

A highly stable membrane with hierarchical structure for wide pH range flow batteries

A membrane with high stability and ion conductivity in wide pH range is essential for energy storage devices.Here,we report a novel membrane with hierarchical core-shell structure,which demonstrates high stability and ion conductivity,simultaneously under a wide pH range applications.Spectral characterizations and theoretical calculation indicate that the non-solvent induces the chain segment configuration and eventually leads to polymer-polymer phase separation,thus forming hierarchical porous core-shell structure.Benefiting from this structure,an acidic vanadium flow battery(VFB)with such a membrane shows excellent performance over 400 cycles with an energy efficiency(EE)of above 81%at current density of 120 mA cm^(-2) and an alkaline zinc-iron flow battery(AZIFB)delivers a cycling stability for more than 200 cycles at 160 mA cm^(-2),along with an EE of above 82%.This paper provides a cost-effective and simple way to fabricate membranes with high performance for variety of energyrelated devices.

Soft Template-Induced Porous Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane for Vanadium Flow Batteries

Vanadium flow batteries(VFBs)are considered ideal for grid-sc ale,long-duration energy storage applications owing to their decoupled output power and storage capacity,high safety,efficiency,and long cycle life.However,the widespread adoption of VFB s is hindered by the use of expensive Nafion membranes.Herein,we report a soft template-induced method to develop a porous polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)membrane for VFB applications.By incorporating water-soluble and flexible polyethylene glycol(PEG 400)as a soft template,we induced the aggregation of hydrophilic sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone),resulting in phase separation from the hydrophobic PVDF polymer during membrane formation.This process led to the creation of a porous PVDF membrane with controllable morphologies determined by the polyethylene glycol content in the cast solution.The optimized porous PVDF membrane enabled a stable VFB performance for 200 cycles at a current density of 80 mA/cm^(2),and the VFB exhibited a Coulombic efficiency of 95.2%and a voltage efficiency of 87.8%.These findings provide valuable insights for the development of highly stable membranes for VFB applications.

Energy Storage System with Ultracapacitors for Thermal Underwater Glider

A power system with proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) was designed for thermal underwater glider.Heat generated by PEMFC is used as the propulsion power of the glider,and the electricity is used in the control and sensor system.An electric energy storage system (ESS) is required which possesses high power density with good cycle life.Ultracapacitors which exhibit high power density and cycle life are considered as energy storage devices.Simulations based on a specific voyage condition indicate that ESS with ultracapacitors has positive effects on reducing the output power demand of PEMFC and lightening the power system.Experimental results show that the state of charge (SOC) is related to the capacitance and resistance in ultracapacitor ESS.

Swelling-induced morpholine functionalized adamantane-containing poly(aryl ether ketone)membranes for vanadium flow batteries

Swelling-induced morpholine functionalized adamantane-containing poly(aryl ether ketone) (MAPEK) membranes were prepared for vanadium flow batteries. MAPEK membranes were prepared from chloromethylated polymer and morpholine and further swelling-induced with hot phosphoric acid to obtain membranes with enhanced ionic conductivity. The swelling, selectivity, and ionic conductivity of MAPEK membranes were regulated by varying the swelling temperature. Selective swelling-induced microphase separation in MAPEK membranes, forming wider ion transport pathways and resulting in low area resistance. The unique rigid adamantane-containing backbone limited the swelling of membranes. Consequently, MAPEK membranes showed excellent selectivity and conductivity (vanadium ion permeability coefficient of MAPEK membranes was lower than 3.82 × 0−7 cm2min−1) (Nafion212 membrane, 42.5 × 0−7 cm2min−1), and MAPEK-150 membrane exhibited low area resistance (0.17 Ωcm2). The vanadium flow batteries (VFB) with MAPEK-150 membrane exhibited high energy efficiency (91.1% at 80 mAcm−2, 81.4% at 200 mAcm−2). Furthermore, MAPEK membranes showed good stability in VFB and oxidative electrolytes. The swelling-induced method utilized in this work is a versatile and facile method to enhance the conductivity of ion-exchange membranes.

Bipolar membrane electrodialysis integrated with in-situ CO_(2)absorption for simulated seawater concentrate utilization,carbon storage and production of sodium carbonate

In the context of carbon capture,utilization,and storage,the high-value utilization of carbon storage presents a significant challenge.To address this challenge,this study employed the bipolar membrane electrodialysis integrated with carbon utilization technology to prepare Na_(2)CO_(3)products using simulated seawater concentrate,achieving simultaneous saline wastewater utilization,carbon storage and high-value production of Na_(2)CO_(3).The effects of various factors,including concentration of simulated seawater concentrate,current density,CO_(2)aeration rate,and circulating flow rate of alkali chamber,on the quality of Na_(2)CO_(3)product,carbon sequestration rate,and energy consumption were investigated.Under the optimal condition,the CO_(3)^(2-)concentration in the alkaline chamber reached a maximum of 0.817 mol/L with 98 mol%purity.The resulting carbon fixation rate was 70.50%,with energy consumption for carbon sequestration and product production of 5.7 k Whr/m^(3)CO_(2)and1237.8 k Whr/ton Na_(2)CO_(3),respectively.This coupling design provides a triple-win outcome promoting waste reduction and efficient utilization of resources.

Effects of ultradry storage on fluidity of plasma membrane of seed

The effects of ultradry seed storage on the fluidity of plasma membrane have been investigated using the DPH fluorescent probe (1,6-diphenyi-1, 3, 5,-hexatriene). The results demonstrated that the micro-viscosity of plasma membrane of ultradried seeds has no significant changes compared with the seeds which were stored under -20℃ condition. However, there is a little adverse effect on the seeds with extreme dehydration. The results were consistent with higher vigor level of ultradried seed. It indicated that ultradry seed storage could maintain the physiological function of seed, protect the integrity of the membrane and improve the storability of seed. Furthermore, the results also revealed that sugar has the effect on protecting membrane structure and preserving the fluidity of the plasma membrane under seed dehydration. In the meantime, some mechanism about ultradry seed storage and the tolerance of dehydration of seed have been discussed.

Experimentation of a Membrane-based Concentration Gradient Energy Storage of Liquid Desiccant Solutions Driven by Solar Energy

Solar energy storage is an indispensable and sustainable utilization mode of renewable energy;environment friendly,large-capacity,low heat loss,and long-term storage are critical to improving the integration of solar energy supply.Traditional thermal energy storage mode cannot achieve long-term storage due to the heat loss even under the excellent thermal insulation measures.In this work,a solar-powered membrane-based concentration gradient energy storage of liquid desiccant solutions is presented.In the membrane distillation process driven by solar energy under the right solar radiation conditions,the liquid desiccant solution is concentrated gradually and long-term stored as the concentration gradient energy.To this end,the measured temperature of solar hot water is in the range of 40°C to 90°C from May to September,2018,in Xi’an,China.And then,the LiBr solution(50 wt%),the LiCl solution(35 wt%),and the CaCl_(2)solution(40 wt%)were membrane-based concentrated in the temperature range of 42°C to 63°C,separately.The results showed that the water vapor pressure difference decides the water vapor transferred across the membrane pores from the liquid desiccant side to the air side.The energy storage density of liquid desiccant solutions increases along with the increases in temperature and the membrane area.Consequently,when the LiBr,LiCl,and CaCl_(2)solutions are concentrated from 50%to 55%,from 35%to 40%,and from 40%to 45%,separately,the concentration energy storage density is 245 kJ/kg,350 kJ/kg,and 306 kJ/kg,which is equivalent to or even higher than ice storage capacity.Due to the two independent closed cycle of the liquid desiccant solution and air,the liquid desiccant solution’s concentration gradient energy storage can be long-term stored environment-friendly without any insulation measures.

Dynamics Study on the Changes of Structure and Function of Erythrocyte Plasma Membrane under Different Storage Conditions

Objective:Red blood cells are the predominant blood cell component utilized in transfusion therapy.Nevertheless,prolonged storage and the buildup of metabolites can lead to alterations in the structure and function of the plasma membrane of RBCs,thereby impacting their quality.This study aimed to comprehensively examine the evolving dynamics of erythrocyte plasma membrane structure and function under varying storage conditions.Methods:A two-factor,three-level experimental design was employed to investigate the impact of storage temperature(-4℃,4℃,and 10℃)on the composition of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids.High performance liquid chromatography was utilized to analyze the phospholipid composition at 1,7,and 14 d of storage.Additionally,the osmotic fragility of the erythrocyte membrane was assessed using the NaCl solution induction method,and the effective oxygen carrying capacity and oxygen affinity were determined using a blood oxygen analyzer.Results:The findings indicated that the integrity of erythrocyte membranes could be adequately preserved at a temperature of-4℃.In contrast to the groups stored at 4℃and 10℃,there were no notable alterations in the phospholipid composition of erythrocyte membranes and related functional indicators at various time points in the-4℃group.The erythrocyte membrane osmotic fragility in the-4℃group was(0.49±0.05)%,indicating sustained lower levels and suggesting the effective maintenance of cell membrane integrity.Storing erythrocytes at-4℃did not have any detrimental impact on their ability to transport oxygen,as evidenced by the maintenance of normal effective oxygen carrying capacity(29.08±1.59)ml and oxygen affinity(5.33±0.48)mmHg.Conclusion:The findings indicate that erythrocytes can be stored at-4℃for an extended period,with shorter stability observed at 4℃and 10℃.These results offer insights for optimizing the storage duration of erythrocyte products for specific applications.Furthermore,this research holds relevance for informing the development of quality standards for erythrocyte products.

木质素分子在储能器件中的应用研究进展

木质素是一种绿色环保、低成本的不规则酚类聚合物,其结构中富含羟基和甲氧基等官能团,并且可以从造纸工业的副产品以及农林废弃物中大量获取,因此在各行各业中具有巨大的应用潜力。在储能领域,大量的研究报道了木质素作为可再生碳源制备用于储能装置的电极材料。近年来,越来越多的研究关注了木质素结构中丰富的官能团结构,并充分利用官能团性质将其应用于储能设备,如:利用羟基的亲水性将木质素应用于液流电池的膜结构中提高膜的质子传导率,利用酚-醌结构的可逆变化增加超级电容器的赝电容,利用与苯环共轭的发色基团对太阳能电池光电化学界面进行调控与敏化,利用木质素结构高电荷密度的含氧官能团改善锂离子电池存储的不稳定性,利用木质素分子中丰富的碳和杂原子官能团制备电极从而提高燃料电池的电化学性能。基于木质素分子的官能团结构和性能特点,概述木质素分子对超级电容器、锂离子电池、燃料电池、太阳能电池、液流电池等主流储能器件电化学性能的提升作用和代表性应用,认为最大化保留木质素分子的官能团并将其应用于电化学器件,可以实现木质素分子的多功能化应用,充分发挥木质素基团的特点以提高储能设备的电化学性能。最后,总结归纳了木质素分子应用于储能材料所面临的困难与挑战,展望了木质素分子应用于储能材料未来可能的发展前景和研究方向,以期为设计和开发低成本、高电化学性能的木质素基储能材料提供参考。

呼吸调控下的细胞膜完整性对仔姜贮藏失水的影响

通过比较包装与否对高水分仔姜贮藏失水的影响,探究裸露仔姜即使在高湿冷库贮藏依然失水严重的原因及包装控制呼吸从而抑制失水的机制。设置未包装相对湿度(relative humidity,RH)60%组、未包装RH95%组、包装[30μm双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜(biaxially oriented polypropylene,BOPP)]RH60%组12℃下贮藏仔姜12 d,每2 d测定其感官、气体成分、呼吸强度、硬脆度、失重率、相对电导率、丙二醛含量、活性氧及相关酶活性等指标。结果表明,12 d后未包装RH60%组、未包装RH95%组、包装(30μm BOPP)RH60%组的失重率分别为47.8%、21.0%、2.5%,即包装处理能显著减少失重率的上升,并保持较高硬脆度且有良好的感官得分。同时包装能营造低O_(2)高CO_(2)环境,降低呼吸速率,从而抑制了·O_(2)^(-)及H_(2)O_(2)等活性氧的上升,且其低呼吸速率也增强了抗氧化酶(过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶)的活性,更好地清除了活性氧;而活性氧的减少使得相对电导率及丙二醛的上升速率得以抑制,细胞膜的完整性得以维持,从而降低了胞内水分向胞外的扩散速度,抑制了仔姜失水及品质劣变。高湿度裸露贮藏并不能很好地抑制仔姜的失水皱缩等品质下降,而包装处理通过呼吸调控维持了细胞膜的完整性,减少了失水,更好地维持了仔姜的品质。

1-甲基环丙烯结合气调处理对‘帕拉英达’和‘吉禄’芒果保鲜效果的影响

为探究1-甲基环丙烯(1-Methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)结合气调处理对采后‘帕拉英达’和‘吉禄’芒果贮藏品质的影响,以元江晚熟芒果品种‘帕拉英达’和‘吉禄’为试材,分别用0.5μL/L 1-MCP、微孔膜、PBI气调保鲜袋、1-MCP+微孔膜及1-MCP+PBI气调保鲜袋对芒果进行处理,对其外观指标、失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物(TSS)含量、VC含量、可滴定酸(TA)含量、呼吸强度、商品率以及呼吸代谢相关酶活性变化进行检测分析。结果表明:在(13±1)℃贮藏过程中,与未作任何处理的对照组相比,5种处理在一定时间内均能延缓‘帕拉英达’和‘吉禄’果实黄化指数、病情指数、腐烂指数、色差、失重率、可溶性固形物含量和呼吸强度的上升,抑制果实硬度、VC含量、可滴定酸含量及商品率的下降,显著抑制果实呼吸代谢相关酶活性变化。综合分析,在(13±1)℃贮藏环境中,1-MCP+PBI气调保鲜袋处理对‘帕拉英达’和‘吉禄’芒果的保鲜效果最优,更有利于果实的贮藏。研究结果可为低纬度、高海拔地区晚熟芒果采后保鲜提供技术参考和科学依据。

Highly stable side-chain-type cardo poly(aryl ether ketone)s membranes for vanadium flow battery

Vanadium flow batteries(VFBs)have drawn considerable attention as an emerging technology for largescale energy storage systems(ESSs).One of the pivotal challenges is the availability of eligible ion exchange membranes(ICMs)that provide high ion selectivity,proton conductivity,and stability under rigorous condition.Herein,a‘side-chain-type’strategy has been employed to fabricate highly stable phenolphthalein-based cardo poly(arylene ether ketone)s(PAEKs)membrane with low area resistance(0.058Ωcm^(2)),in which flexible alkyl spacers effectively alleviated inductive withdrawing effect from terminal ion exchange groups thus enabling a stable backbone.The assembled VFBs based on PAEKs bearing pendent alkyl chain terminated with quaternary ammonium(Q-PPhEK)demonstrated an energy efficiency above 80%over 700 cycles at 160 mA/cm^(2).Such a remarkable results revealed that the side-chain-type strategy contributed to enhancing the ICMs stability in strong oxidizing environment,meanwhile,more interesting backbones would be woken with this design engaging in stable ICMs for VFBs.

异抗坏血酸钠处理对鲜切兰州百合贮藏品质的影响

目的:延长鲜切兰州百合贮藏期。方法:以兰州百合为原材料,经鲜切加工处理后,采用0(CK),1,5,10 g/L的异抗坏血酸钠(SI)溶液进行浸泡处理,分析贮藏过程中鲜切兰州百合的品质变化。结果:10 g/L的SI浸泡处理可以更好地维持鲜切兰州百合鳞片的亮度,贮藏21 d时,褐变度、可溶性糖和丙二醛含量分别比CK组低23%,8%,45%。在贮藏结束时,SI处理组的多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶和脂氧合酶活性分别为97.22,0.09,11.89 U/g,显著低于CK组(P<0.05)。电子鼻分析表明,SI处理对贮藏期间鲜切兰州百合的风味有调节作用。结论:SI浸泡处理是一种操作简便,经济安全的采后处理技术,可以延缓鲜切兰州百合氧化褐变,从而维持其贮藏品质。

基于有限元等效模型的大型膜顶搪瓷拼装储罐安全性分析

为了提高储罐的安全性,建立了大型膜顶储罐的等效分析模型,分析不同工况下罐体壁板及其零部件的应力及变形,探究拉筋带数量、中心立柱高度等对罐体的应力及变形的影响规律,求解得到了其最优值。结果表明:在膜顶拼装储罐未产气加上雨雪天气影响等极端工况下,储罐的罐壁以及抗风圈发生失效,需要对储罐结构进行优化以提高罐体安全性;拉筋带数量和中心立柱高度是影响罐体安全性的主要因素,拉筋带数量增加到80根,中心立柱与拉筋带夹角增大到77.5°可以有效提高罐体的安全性;首层壁板厚度和膜压已为最优值,满足罐体安全性要求。所得结论可提高拼接罐体的可靠性,为后续拼接罐体的设计提供参考。

基于固态储氢与燃料电池耦合的车载氢能源系统建模与特性分析

探讨了一种使用金属氢化物储氢罐和质子交换膜燃料电池的车载氢能源系统,旨在通过数学建模和工况测试评估氢能源系统内部的热量耦合效应。基于热交换系统结构和换热特性提出了氢能源系统多物理场模型,又基于增程式燃料电池物流车运行工况进行了数值模拟和试验验证。结果表明,所提出的数学模型能准确表征车载氢能源系统的动态特性,功率响应与温度动态变化具有显著的一致性。借助热交换系统提供热量补充,低温条件下固态储氢罐释氢速度加快,提高氢能源系统的动态响应速度和能源利用效率。研究结果可用于基于固态储氢与燃料电池耦合的氢能源系统最优尺寸设计、温度控制和能量管理策略设计。