Repeated-batch Cultivation of Encapsulated Monascus purpureus by Polyelectrolyte Complex for Natural Pigment Production

In general,productions of natural pigment in submerged microorganism culture were much less than that in solid-state fermentation,because the solid-state culture can provide a support carrier for the mycelium. To improve natural pigment production,the cultivation of Monascus purpureus in submerged encapsulated cell was investigated. Monascus purpureus immobilized in polyelectrolyte complex(PEC) microcapsules,which were pre-pared by sodium cellulose sulphate(NaCS) and poly-dimethyl-diallyl-ammonium chloride(PDMDAAC),was a good substitute for submerged cell culture because it mimicked the solid-state environment. The repeated-batch process with encapsulated cells was studied in flasks and a bubble column. The results indicated that the bubble column was more suitable for the encapsulation culture than the shaking flasks because of its good mass transfer performance and minor shear stress on cells. Owing to the protection of the microcapsule's membrane,Monascus purpureus in microcapsules increased approximately three times over that in free cell culture with negligible cell leakage to the medium. The pigment production in the bubble column finally reached 3.82(OD500) ,which was two times higher than in free cell culture. In addition,the duration of each batch was shortened to 15% of that in free cell culture.

Separation and Purification of Monascus Pigments from Red Yeast Rice

It is difficult to extract beneficial components from Monascus pigments due to their complex composition. The low purity of Monascus pigment preparations limits their further application in research and production. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize the conditions for extraction and isolation of Monascus pigments from red yeast rice, to improve the purity of Monascus pigment preparations. Three fractions were isolated using column chromatography from red yeast rice, they were red, orange and yellow respectively. Then, the three fractions were analyzed for composition and purity using thin layer chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS). The chromatograms revealed that the yellow and orange fractions had complex compositions that were difficult to be separated, while the red fraction consisted of fewer components. Finally, a single component was isolated from the red fraction using a thin layer chromatography plate, identified as monascorubramine according to its molecular mass.

Ecological Dyeing of Polyamide 6, 6(PA66) Fabrics with Monascus Pigments in Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane(D5) Solvent

Synthetic dyes in the aqueous media have been commonly used for textile dyeing, resulting in resource and environmental pressure arising from consumption of water and environmentally unfriendly chemicals. In this study, an eco-friendly process of dyeing polyamide 6, 6(PA66) fabrics with natural Monascus pigments in decamethylcyclopentasiloxane(D5) solvent has been developed to minimize water consumption and effluent generation. The influence of processing parameters including dyeing temperature, dyebath pH and dyeing time on dyeing effects was explored. It was shown that color strength and color fastness of the samples dyed in D5 media were higher than those of the samples dyed in the aqueous media. Moreover, PA66 fabrics exhibited the highest color strength, good color fastness and a bacteriostatic rate of 53.6% against Staphylococcus aureus when it was dyed at pH of 3.5 and temperature of 80 ℃ for 30 min.

Process Optimization on Monascus Pigment Produced by Monascus

[Objective] This study was conducted to optimize rice making process and improve the content of Monascus pigment. [Method]Selecting water addition( A),sterilization temperature( B),sterilization time( C),soaking time( D) as experimental factors,L_9( 3~4) orthogonal test was carried out to optimize rice making process. [Result] The four factors all had very significant effect on the yield of Monascus pigment,the optimal combination was A_1B_2C_2D_2,namely water addition of 30 ml,sterilization temperature at 121 ℃,sterilization time of 23 min,and soaking time of 24 h. The level of Monascus reached 2 884 U/g under this condition. [Conclusion] The study has great practical significance to Monascus rice production enterprises.

Study on the Monascus Pigment of Monascus Strains JF-02 Fermentation

[ Objective] The aim was to study the fermentation technology of monascus pigment of monascus strains JF-02. [ Method] Single factor experiment was carried out to study the influence of temperature, initial pH, culture time, different agricultural byproduct, and nitrogen source on monascus pigment in fermentation solution. Meanwhile, orthogonal experiment was conducted to get the optimal culture medium and cultivation condition. [ Resultl The optimal gene in the pigment of monascus pigment was 200 g/L of rice, 30 g/L of sweet potato powder, 10 g/L of glucose, 15 g/L of monosodium glutamate, 0.1% of zinc sulfate, and 0.1% of magnesium sulfate. The optimal culture condition was 30 ℃ and initial pH was 6.0. Fermentation time was 72 h, but when 24-L fermentation pot was used, culture time can last to 84 h. [ Condusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development and application of monascus strains.

红曲霉(Monascus anka As 3.782)菌种的紫外诱变和产色素的条件优化

应用红曲霉Monascus anka As3.782(CCTCC编号:AF93208)菌株,探索其固态发酵产红曲色素的最佳基质初始含水量,结果表明:含水量为约30%最好;通过正交试验优化其液态发酵产红曲色素的培养基,大米粉9%、NaNO33%、KH2PO40.3%、MgSO40.1%,黄豆粉0.5%,pH4.0时的培养基配方产红曲色价最高,达77.3U/mL;在紫外诱变距离20cm诱导3min的条件下筛选优良菌株,其固态发酵产红曲色价可达1156.667U/mL,是原始出发株360.667U/mL的3倍多,其液态发酵产红曲色价比原始出发株提高了2倍。

N^+离子注入选育色素产生菌Monascus的研究

应用 1 0keV的N+离子注入,对产红色素红曲菌进行了诱变选育。在确定最佳注入剂量后,经过两轮离子注入诱变筛选,选育出 1株高产突变株,红色素色价提高 3 8.1 %,且色调适宜。经传代培养,其高产性状能稳定遗传。对该菌株的发酵特性也进行了研究。

一株产黄色素红曲霉Monascus HB-5的生物学特性及发酵条件研究(英文)

研究了一株产黄色素的红曲霉菌株Monascus HB-5的生物学特性,并对其接种量、pH、碳源、氮源等主要发酵因素进行优化。结果表明该菌产出高浓度单一黄色素,色调为棕黄色,仅在370nm具有吸收峰。产黄色素最适发酵条件为接种量10%,pH4.6～5.7,温度30～32℃,适合的碳源为玉米粉,氮源为硝酸铵,摇瓶黄色素色价达200 U/ml。并对色素的稳定性及安全性进行了初步研究,橘霉素含量低于0.1mg/l。

产红色素真菌Monascus sanguineus的分离及其色素提取条件研究

采用组织块分离法首次从药用植物地黄中分离出一株产红色素内生真菌RJL03,根据形态学特征和r DNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列分析的手段鉴定为Monascus sanguineus。采用响应面法(RSM)对菌株RJL03中红色素提取工艺条件进行研究。在单因素实验的基础上,以提取液OD值为指标,利用Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计原理(BBD)优化菌株中红色素的有机溶剂超声波辅助浸提(UAE)工艺。结果显示,该色素提取液在515 nm处有最大吸收波长,最佳提取工艺为温度70℃、提取时间34 min、乙醇浓度50%。在此条件下提取菌株中的红色素,得到的提取液OD值为2.587,可比优化前提高约1.5倍。

怀地黄内生产红色素真菌血红红曲霉(Monascus sanguineus)的分离与鉴定

真菌色素是天然食用色素的潜在来源。本文从药用植物怀地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.)中分离鉴定出了一株能够产生丰富可溶性红色素的内生红曲霉属真菌RJL03。为进一步研究和利用该菌株及其次级代谢物,对其进行分类鉴定。采用不同的培养基培养并观察RJL03的菌落特征,使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对菌株形态进行观察发现:该菌株菌落初为白色,后产色素变红,绒毡状,圆形;菌丝分枝,分隔;分生孢子倒梨形,单生或至多10个成短链状,大小为(8.0～16.5)μm×(7.5～14.0)μm;孢子囊球形,外壳褐色,直径32～70μm;子囊孢子椭圆形,大小为(6.0～7.5)μm×(4.0～5.0)μm,表面平滑,无色或红色。序列分析发现,该菌株ITS和18S rDNA序列与血红红曲霉(Monascus sanguineus)的相似度分别为100%和93%。综合形态学和序列分析的结果,将菌株RJL03鉴定为血红红曲霉。这是首次在我国报道的血红红曲霉怀地黄分离株;另外,通过对比观察认为M.sanguineus是与紫色红曲霉(M. purpureus)不同的独立物种。

产红色素真菌Monascus sanguineus的液态发酵条件研究

从药用植物地黄中分离出一株产红色素内生真菌RJL03(Monascus sanguineus),为进一步提高菌株RJL03的红色素产量,采用响应面法(RSM)对其液态摇瓶发酵条件进行研究。在单因素实验的基础上,以发酵液OD值为指标,利用Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计原理(BBD)优化菌株液态发酵产红色素的工艺条件。结果显示,该色素发酵液在474 nm处有最大吸收波长,最佳发酵工艺为温度30℃、装瓶量67%、初始p H自然(7)。在此条件下液态发酵菌株,显著提高了菌株RJL03的红色素产量。

Monascus pigment-protected bone marrow-derived stem cells for heart failure treatment

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in heart failure(HF)treatment.However,their clinical application is impeded by low retention rate and low cellular activity of MSCs caused by high inflammatory and reactive oxygen species(ROS)microenvironment.In this study,monascus pigment(MP)nanoparticle(PPM)was proposed for improving adverse microenvironment and assisting in transplantation of bone marrow-derived MSCs(BMSCs).Meanwhile,in order to load PPM and reduce the mechanical damage of BMSCs,injectable hydrogels based on Schiff base cross-linking were prepared.The PPM displays ROS-scavenging and macrophage phenotype-regulating capabilities,significantly enhancing BMSCs survival and activity in HF microenvironment.This hydrogel demonstrates superior biocompatibility,injectability,and tissue adhesion.With the synergistic effects of injectable,adhesive hydrogel and the microenvironment-modulating properties of MP,cardiac function was effectively improved in the pericardial sac of rats.Our results offer insights into advancing BMSCs-based HF therapies and their clinical applications.

前体物和诱导剂对红曲霉液态发酵产红曲红色素的影响

为了提高红曲霉(Monascus)GN01液态发酵产红曲红色素(MRPs)的产量,文章采用单因素实验法考察前体物和诱导剂的种类,以及添加量对红曲霉产MRPs的产量的影响。研究结果表明,前体物和诱导剂都有利于促进MRPs的产生,但促进程度存在一定的差异。作为前体物,CH3COONH(41 g/L)和CH3COOK(3 g/L)的处理分别将MRPs的产量提升了2.96倍和1.54倍;作为诱导剂,ZnSO(40.2 g/L)和曲拉通X-100(7%v/v)的处理分别将MRPs的产量提升了6倍和3倍,但曲拉通X-100的处理不利于红曲霉的生长。因此,CH3COONH4(1 g/L)和ZnSO(40.2 g/L)的处理更有助于进一步提高MRPs的产量。

β-乳球蛋白与红曲色素非共价相互作用及其对色素稳定性的影响

为探究在不同pH值(2.6、6.2、7.1、8.2)条件下,β-乳球蛋白(β-lactoglobulin,β-LG)与红曲色素(monascus pigments,Mps)提取物之间的结合特性,构建了4种复合体系,并利用荧光光谱、圆二色谱以及分子对接方法对β-LG与Mps之间的互作行为进行研究,同时评价了复合物(β-LG&Mps)的抗氧化活性、热稳定性以及光稳定性。结果表明,在实验pH值范围内,Mps与β-LG的结合导致β-LG内源荧光发生猝灭,二者主要借助范德华力、疏水相互作用以及氢键等非共价作用力结合,但β-LG的二级结构变化不显著;β-LG&Mps的DPPH自由基清除能力高于单独任一组分,但低于两组分之和,即β-LG与Mps在DPPH自由基清除方面表现出拮抗作用。与β-LG形成复合物后,在pH值为6.2、7.1、8.2,温度为50℃时,与未复合的Mps相比,Mps的保留率分别提高了58%、30%和24%;在pH值为6.2、7.1、8.2,温度为25℃,光照强度为600 Lux,光照时间为36 h时,与未复合的Mps相比,Mps的保留率分别提高了65%、43%和43%。在pH值为2.6时Mps热稳定性和光稳定性仍然较差,即β-LG提高了Mps在pH值为6.2、7.1、8.2时的热稳定性与光稳定性。通过食品组分相互作用对改善Mps稳定性的探讨,旨在为Mps相关产品的开发提供有益参考。

红曲色素的抗氧化活性及对HepG2氧化损伤的保护作用研究

目的研究纯化后的红曲色素(monascus pigments,MPs)抗氧化活性及对HepG2细胞氧化损伤的修复作用。方法以红曲米粉为原料,对其含有的MPs进行提取、纯化和鉴定。通过测定MPs的总抗氧化能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基和2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)ammonium salt,ABTS]阳离子自由基清除率评估了其抗氧化活性。同时,选用0.20 mmol/L的H2O2建立氧化应激模型,探索不同浓度MPs对细胞氧化损伤的保护机制。结果纯化后的MPs含有4种MPs单体,分别为安卡红曲黄素、红曲玉红素、红曲素和潘红胺。MPs的总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基清除率与其浓度呈正相关。用不同浓度的MPs预处理后,与MC组相比,较低浓度(10μg/mL)的MPs能显著提高细胞的存活率,但较高浓度的MPs(20μg/mL)显著降低了细胞的存活率,这可能是H2O2与MPs协同作用导致的。随着MPs浓度增加,细胞中活性氧累积量逐渐减少。当MPs质量浓度为20μg/mL时,过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性分别从14.75 U/mL±0.04 U/mL、3.87 U/mL±0.09 U/mL提升至15.25 U/mL±0.05 U/mL、8.29 U/mL±0.68 U/mL。结论MPs有较强的自由基清除能力,对H2O2诱导的氧化损伤有保护作用,这可能是与MPs提高了抗氧化酶活性,降低了细胞内ROS累积量有关。

亚麻籽水溶蛋白与红曲黄色素相互作用及其对色素稳定性的影响

红曲黄色素是常见的天然食用色素且具有多种生理功效,但其水溶性较差,且对光、热、酸碱敏感,限制了其在食品领域的广泛应用。以亚麻籽水溶蛋白(water-soluble flaxseed protein,FPW)为载体制备其与红曲黄色素的复合物,利用组合光谱分析技术研究两种红曲黄色素(monascin,MS和ankaflavin,AK)与FPW之间的相互作用行为,考察FPW同富含红曲黄色素的红曲色素(Monascus pigments,Mps)复合后,色素在水溶液中的分散性与稳定性变化情况。荧光光谱分析发现,MS和AK均以静态猝灭方式与FPW结合,且均只存在一个结合位点,FP W-AK体系的结合常数大于FP W-MS体系;热力学参数分析表明,维系FP W-MS体系的主要作用力为氢键和范德华力,维系FP W-AK体系的主要作用力为氢键和静电作用。同步荧光光谱、三维荧光光谱分析表明,MS或AK的加入使FPW的氨基酸残基微环境发生改变,从而引起FPW的构象改变。紫外-可见光谱和红外光谱研究结果进一步证明,MS和AK的添加使FPW的二级结构发生改变。此外,与FPW复合后,Mps在水中的分散性提高,且与不同浓度的FPW形成复合物后,在温度为25℃,光照强度为3900 Lux,光照时间为72 h时,与游离的Mps相比,FP W-Mps的保留率分别提高了9.53%、16.92%、31.37%;在温度为4、25、50℃的避光条件下,FP W-Mps较游离的Mps的保留率分别提高了25.65%、22.04%、25.98%;在温度为25℃,pH值为3、5、7、9、11,避光条件下,FP W-Mps较游离的Mps的保留率分别提高了10.27%、12.96%、12.06%、17.82%、7.27%。与FPW复合后,在不同光照时间、温度和pH值条件下,Mps的保留率均增加,表明FPW可以提高Mps的光稳定性、热稳定性和酸碱稳定性。研究旨在为红曲黄色素稳定性研究提供新的思路。

光调控红色红曲菌M7及MrVeA基因相关突变株的功能分析

为了探讨光调控对红色红曲菌(Monascus ruber)M7、MrVeA基因相关突变株ΔMrVeA、OEMrVeA功能的影响,采用MrVeA基因敲除、过表达技术分别构建基因缺失菌株(ΔMrVeA)和过表达菌株(OEMrVeA)。以避光(黑暗)为对照,分析红光和白光对红色红曲菌M7、MrVeA基因突变株ΔMrVeA、OEMrVeA生长发育、红曲色素(Mps)和桔霉素(CIT)产生的影响。结果表明,黑暗条件下,突变株OEMrVeA闭囊壳和分生孢子的产量增加,菌丝发育、菌落颜色、生物量及色素含量与红色红曲菌(M.ruber)M7相比均无显著性差异,但产桔霉素能力比菌株M7降低7.03%,说明MrVeA基因的过表达会促进菌株M7的有性/无性繁殖,抑制桔霉素的生成。红光有利于突变株OEMrVeA的生长发育、有性/无性繁殖、红曲色素的生成,不利于突变株OEMrVeA生成桔霉素;白光不利于突变株OEMrVeA的生长发育、有性/无性繁殖、红曲色素的生成。研究结果可为低产甚至不产桔霉素的红曲菌工业化应用提供参考。

两种红曲橙色素衍生色素结构表征及抑菌活性研究

该研究将红曲橙色素-红斑红曲素(O1)和红曲玉红素(O2)分别与乙醇胺反应获得了两种衍生色素RA和RB。通过制备型薄层色谱(PTLC)对两种衍生物进行分离纯化,经高效液相色谱(HPLC)、液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)及核磁共振(NMR)技术分析两种衍生色素RA和RB的分子质量、分子式及分子结构,并通过抑菌圈法评价了橙色素和两种衍生色素的抑菌活性。结果表明,RA和RB的纯度均>95%。RA和RB的分子质量分别为397 Da、425 Da,分子式分别为C23H29NO5和C25H31NO5,NMR解析RA和RB的分子结构为含乙醇胺残基的红斑红曲素(O1)、红曲玉红素(O2)衍生色素。橙色素和两种衍生色素的抑菌活性结果表明,1 mg/mL的红曲橙色素及RB对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)ATCC 25923及单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)ATCC 19115均有抑菌活性,而RA在相同条件下却未表现出抑菌效果。红曲玉红素(O2)与乙醇胺的胺化反应,为定向生产具有高抑菌活性的红曲霉色素RB提供了一条有效的途径。

红曲菌主要代谢产物生产工艺研究进展

红曲是我国传统的谷物发酵产品,广泛应用于发酵食品、医药、化妆品等行业,其主要次级代谢产物有红曲色素(Monascus pigments,MPs)、莫纳可林K(Monacolin K,MK)、桔霉素(citrinin,CIT)等。为了更好地开发红曲,文章论述了红曲中主要代谢产物特性、不同发酵工艺对产量的影响以及红曲菌的生产与应用,并展望了未来红曲菌的研究前景。

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中7种红曲色素

目的建立通过式固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中7种红曲色素。方法样品经过乙腈提取,Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取柱(200 mg,6 cc)净化,Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,采用高效液相色谱串联质谱仪检测,基质匹配外标法定量。并对豆制品、糕点、酸奶、腐乳、熟肉、饮料以及腊肠7种基质中红曲色素回收率进行了考察。结果7种基质中潘红胺、红曲红胺、红曲素、红斑素、红曲黄素、红曲玉红素、红曲红素的加标回收率分别为73.9%~112.1%,70.1%~92.6%,72.4%~103.4%,73.8%~93.5%,73.4%~113.3%,71.6%~105.7%,75.0%~112.1%;7种色素的相对标准偏差为0.2%~15.7%;红曲黄素的检出限为3.0μg/kg,其余6种色素的检出限为1.0μg/kg。结论该方法前处理简单快速、灵敏度高、准确度和精密度良好,采用基质匹配的标准曲线定量,适用于不同基质中7种红曲色素的测定。