Sugar cane juice is a popular refreshing drink in most part of Bangladesh. It has great taste and health benefits;also it is available most of the public places at reasonable prices which consumed by road side custome...Sugar cane juice is a popular refreshing drink in most part of Bangladesh. It has great taste and health benefits;also it is available most of the public places at reasonable prices which consumed by road side customers including general public, shopping personals, tourists, students. In our country, street vendors crushing sugarcane between roller crusher and sold without any heat treatment or preservative, also served with or without added ice and lemon juice. The study aimed to identify and compare the physico-chemical and microbial quality of sugarcane juice. The chemical qualities of juices including moisture, P<sup>H</sup>, ash, total soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found slightly different in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj areas. The highest and lowest value of moisture, ash, P<sup>H</sup>, total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found in 84.33% - 79.26% (Gazipur-Mymensingh), 0.57% - 0.04% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 5.9 - 2.9 (Gazipur-Narayangonj), 17.48% - 4.98% (Mymensingh-Narayangonj), 21.9% - 6.56% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 3.7 - 2.1 (Gazipur-Mymensingh) and 0.523% - 0.007% (Narayangonj-Gazipur) respectively. For microbiological analysis, the total viable count of sugar cane juice in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj were ranged from 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 43.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 4.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 21.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 3.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 36.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml respectively, where the permitted value is 1.0 × 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/ml, whereas the total coliform count was ranged from 0.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 6.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 0.00 - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 100 cfu/ml and total fungal count was ranged from 5.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 56.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 21.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 54.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 32.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 68.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 1000 cfu/ml. According to the Gulf standard, the microbiological parameters of all the collected sugar cane juice were out of the permitted standards, so that a serious health outbreak can be caused anytime.展开更多
The transformation of aldose to ketose or common sugars into rare saccharides,including rare ketoses and aldoses,is of great value and interest to the food industry and for saccharidic biomass utilization,medicine,and...The transformation of aldose to ketose or common sugars into rare saccharides,including rare ketoses and aldoses,is of great value and interest to the food industry and for saccharidic biomass utilization,medicine,and the synthesis of drugs.Nowadays,high-fructose corn syrup(HFCS)is industrially produced in more than 10 million tons annually using immobilized glucose isomerase.Some low-calorie saccharides such as tagatose and psicose,which are becoming popular sweeteners,have also been produced on a pilot scale in order to replace sucrose and HFCS.However,current catalysts and catalytic processes are still difficult to utilize in biomass conversion and also have strong substrate dependence in producing high-value,rare sugars.Considering the specific reaction properties of saccharides and catalysts,since the pioneering discovery by Fischer,various catalysts and catalytic systems have been discovered or developed in attempts to extend the reaction pathways,improve the reaction efficiency,and to potentially produce commercial products.In this review,we trace the history of sugar isomerization/epimerization reactions and summarize the important breakthroughs for each reaction as well as the difficulties that remain unresolved to date.展开更多
Recently,Gary et al.published an article elucidating how sugars contribute to the protection of dry protein structure.They utilized an ingenious liquid-observed vapor exchange(LOVE)nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)metho...Recently,Gary et al.published an article elucidating how sugars contribute to the protection of dry protein structure.They utilized an ingenious liquid-observed vapor exchange(LOVE)nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)method,providing valuable insights into the protection mechanism of sugars during the drying process.The details of their study can be found in the article available at https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00692.展开更多
An a-C/a-C:N junction,which used palmyra sugar as the carbon source and ammonium hydroxide(NH4OH)as the dopant source,was successfully deposited on the ITO glass substrate using the nano-spraying method.The current-vo...An a-C/a-C:N junction,which used palmyra sugar as the carbon source and ammonium hydroxide(NH4OH)as the dopant source,was successfully deposited on the ITO glass substrate using the nano-spraying method.The current-voltage relationship of the junction was found to be a Schottky-like contact,and therefore the junction shows the characteristic rectifiers.This means the a-C and a-C:N are semiconductors with different types of conduction.Moreover,the samples showed an increase in current and voltage value when exposed to visible light(bright state)compared to the dark condition,thereby,indicating the creation of electron-hole pairs during the exposure.It was also discovered that the relationship between current and voltage for the a-C/a-C:N junction sample formed a curve that satisfies the rule of the photovoltaic effect when exposed to visible light from a light bulb.The exposure of this sample to direct sunlight at AM 1.5 conditions produced a curve that meets the rules for the emergence of the photovoltaic effect with higher characteristics for the current-voltage relationship.Thus,the a-C/a-C:N junction sample is a solar cell successfully fabricated using a sample method and has a maximum efficiency of 0.0013%.展开更多
The objective of this work is to develop new biosourced insulating composites from rice husks and wood chips that can be used in the building sector. It appears from the properties of the precursors that rice chips an...The objective of this work is to develop new biosourced insulating composites from rice husks and wood chips that can be used in the building sector. It appears from the properties of the precursors that rice chips and husks are materials which can have good thermal conductivity and therefore the combination of these precursors could make it possible to obtain panels with good insulating properties. With regard to environmental and climatic constraints, the composite panels formulated at various rates were tested and the physico-mechanical and thermal properties showed that it was essential to add a crosslinker in order to increase certain solicitation. an incorporation rate of 12% to 30% made it possible to obtain panels with low thermal conductivity, a low surface water absorption capacity and which gives the composite good thermal insulation and will find many applications in the construction and real estate sector. Finally, new solutions to improve the fire reaction of the insulation panels are tested which allows to identify suitable solutions for the developed composites. In view of the flame tests, the panels obtained are good and can effectively combat fire safety in public buildings.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on improving blood glucose levels and treatment compliance in elderly patients with diabetes. Methods: One hundred and forty-eight elderly patient...Objective: To analyze the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on improving blood glucose levels and treatment compliance in elderly patients with diabetes. Methods: One hundred and forty-eight elderly patients with diabetes were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 74 cases each. The control group received routine nursing intervention and the observation group received comprehensive nursing intervention. The blood sugar levels, treatment compliance, and nursing satisfaction of the two groups of patients before and after intervention were compared. Results: After the intervention, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (t = 7.729), 2 hours postprandial glucose (PPG) (t = 8.343), and HbA1c (t = 6.929) levels of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The observation group (71/95.95%) had a higher compliance rate than the control group (54/72.97%) (χ^(2)=14.877, P < 0.001). The comprehensive nursing satisfaction rate of the observation group (73/98.65%) was higher than that of the control group (56/75.68%) (χ^(2)=17.451, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In caring for elderly patients with diabetes, comprehensive nursing intervention effectively reduced patients’ blood sugar levels and improved treatment compliance and nursing satisfaction.展开更多
Nanocrystals,a carrier-free colloidal delivery system in nano-sized range,is an interesting approach for poorly soluble drugs.Nanocrystals provide special features including enhancement of saturation solubility,dissol...Nanocrystals,a carrier-free colloidal delivery system in nano-sized range,is an interesting approach for poorly soluble drugs.Nanocrystals provide special features including enhancement of saturation solubility,dissolution velocity and adhesiveness to surface/cell membranes.Several strategies are applied for nanocrystals production including precipitation,milling,high pressure homogenization and combination methods such as Nano-Edge^(TM),SmartCrystal and Precipitation-lyophilization-homogenization(PLH)technology.For oral administration,many publications reported useful advantages of nanocrystals to improve in vivo performances i.e.pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics,safety and targeted delivery which were discussed in this review.Additionally,transformation of nanocrystals to final formulations and future trends of nanocrystals were also described.展开更多
A simple, sensitive and convenient ion chromatography(IC) method was established for the simultaneous determination of twelve water-soluble inorganic anions(F -, Cl -, NO - 2, NO - 3, SO 2- 3, SO 2- ...A simple, sensitive and convenient ion chromatography(IC) method was established for the simultaneous determination of twelve water-soluble inorganic anions(F -, Cl -, NO - 2, NO - 3, SO 2- 3, SO 2- 4, PO 3- 4), and fifteen water-soluble organic ions(formate, acetate, MSA, oxalate, malonate, succinate, phthalates, etc.) in atmospheric aerosols. The linear concentrations ranged from 0.005 μg/m 3 to 500 μg/m 3(r = 0.999—0.9999). The relative standard deviation(RSD) were 0.43%—2.00% and the detection limits were from 2.7 ng/m 3 to 88 ng/m 3. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of those inorganic ions and organic ions in PM 2.5 of Beijing.展开更多
Chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants is mainly controlled by ASE sensory neuron whose specification is regulated by che-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our data suggested that exposure to high concentrations of metals...Chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants is mainly controlled by ASE sensory neuron whose specification is regulated by che-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our data suggested that exposure to high concentrations of metals, such as Pb, Cu, Ag, and Cr, would result in severe defects of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants of NaCl, cAMP, and biotin. Moreover, the morphology of ASE neuron structures as observed by relative fluorescent intensities and relative size of fluorescent puncta of cell bodies, relative lengths of sensory endings in ASE neurons, and the expression patterns of che-1 were obviously altered in metal exposed animals when they meanwhile exhibited obvious chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants. In addition, the dendrite morphology could be noticeably changed in animals exposed to 150 μmol/L of Pb, Cu, and Ag. Furthermore, we observed significant decreases of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants in Pb exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 2.5 μmol/L, and in Cu, Ag, and Cr exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 50 μmol/L. Therefore, impairment of the ASE neuron structures and functions may largely contribute to the appearance of chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants in metal exposed nematodes.展开更多
Combining the system of rapid collection of ambient particles and ion chromatography, the system of rapid collection of fine particles and ion chromatography (RCFP-IC) was established to automatically analyze on-lin...Combining the system of rapid collection of ambient particles and ion chromatography, the system of rapid collection of fine particles and ion chromatography (RCFP-IC) was established to automatically analyze on-line the concentrations of water-soluble ions in ambient particles. Here, the general scheme of RCFP-IC is described and its basic performance is tested. The detection limit of RCFP-IC for SO4^2-, NO3^-, NO2^-, Cl^- and F- is below 0.3μg m^-3. The collection efficiency of RCFP-IC increases rapidly with increasing sized particles. For particles larger than 300 nm, the collection efficiency approaches 100%. The precision of RCFP-IC is more than 90% over 28 repetitions. The response of RCFP-IC is very sensitive and no obvious cross-pollution is found during measurement. A comparison of RCFP-IC with an integrated filter measurement indicates that the measurement of RCFP-IC is comparable in both laboratory experiments and field observations. The results of the field experiment prove that RCFP-IC is an effective on-line monitoring system and is helpful in source apportionment and pollution episode monitoring.展开更多
A series of water-soluble polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO), polyacrylamide(PAM) and poly(vinyl pyrrilidone)(PVP) was successfully prepared via the electrospinning of their aqueous solutions without...A series of water-soluble polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO), polyacrylamide(PAM) and poly(vinyl pyrrilidone)(PVP) was successfully prepared via the electrospinning of their aqueous solutions without the use of a surfactant. The effects of solution properties on the electrospinning of PEO, PAM and PVP solutions were investigated. The viscosity of the solution, charge density carried by the jet, and the surface tension of the solution are the key factors that influence the morphology and diameter size of the fibers. The viscosity of the solution was measured on a modular compact rheometer. The morphology and the diameter size distribution of the fibers were observed under an environmental scanning electron microscope(ESEM). The results show that the diameters of the nanofibers electro spun from the solutions of these water soluble polymers were uniform and less than 300 nm.展开更多
Water soluble cores(WSCs) have been widely applied in manufacture of complex metal components with hollow configurations or internal channels. However, the WSCs without any additons have low tensile strength and low h...Water soluble cores(WSCs) have been widely applied in manufacture of complex metal components with hollow configurations or internal channels. However, the WSCs without any additons have low tensile strength and low humidity resistance. The purpose of this study is to prepare a water-soluble potassium carbonate sand core with addition of kaolin by the hot-temping method. The effects of kaolin on tensile strength, humidity resistance, fracture mechanism, as well as the gas evolution and collapsibility of WSCs were investigated. Results show that both the crystal morphology and the fracture mechanism of the inorganic salt are changed under the participation of kaolin, contributing to the increase of the tensile strength and the humidity resistance of the core. With the addition of 3wt.% kaolin, the tensile strength could be increased by a factor of 2, reached 1.50 MPa and the hygroscopic rate could be decreased by 14%, achieved 0.559%(after stored for 8 h), respectively. As the addition amount of kaolin increases from 0wt.% to 3wt.%, the main fracture mechanism changes from a adhesive to a cohesive fracture mechanism. The water-soluble potassium carbonate core obtained has the low gas evolution and excellent collapsibility, which makes it suitable for casting low melting metal with complex cavities and crooked channels.展开更多
Water-soluble property is the precondition of biomedical evaluation and application of carbon nanotube (CNT). Novel water- soluble CNT was synthesized in this letter by grafting phosphoryl choline (PC) onto multi-...Water-soluble property is the precondition of biomedical evaluation and application of carbon nanotube (CNT). Novel water- soluble CNT was synthesized in this letter by grafting phosphoryl choline (PC) onto multi-wall CNTs. Utilizing FTIR, XPS, TGA and TEM, the title CNTs were characterized and it was found that the target products could facilely dissolve in water. 2007 Tao Zhang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.展开更多
A novel polyquaternaryammonium cationic sulphur black dye was synthesized and its dyeing behavior on silk was studied. The dye exhibited excellent dyeing fixation of up to 98.2 %, as well as excellent dyeing fastnes...A novel polyquaternaryammonium cationic sulphur black dye was synthesized and its dyeing behavior on silk was studied. The dye exhibited excellent dyeing fixation of up to 98.2 %, as well as excellent dyeing fastness on silk.展开更多
Fructone (2-methyl-2-ethylacetoacetate-1, 3-dioxolane), a flavouring material, has been synthesized from ethyl acetoacetate and glycol using five water-soluble Brφnsted acid ionic liquids as catalysts for the first...Fructone (2-methyl-2-ethylacetoacetate-1, 3-dioxolane), a flavouring material, has been synthesized from ethyl acetoacetate and glycol using five water-soluble Brφnsted acid ionic liquids as catalysts for the first time. The used Brφnsted acid ionic liquids include [Hmim]Tfa, [Hmim]Tsa, [Hmim]BF4, [Bmim]HSO4, [Bmim]H2P04, and [Hmim]BF4 showed the highest catalytic activity for the preparation of fructone. After reaction, the product could be isolated from the reaction system automatically, and the ionic liquid could be directly reused without dehydration.展开更多
We applied a combination of inorganic mesoporous silica material,frequently used as drug carriers,and a natural organic polymer alginate(ALG),to establish a sustained drug delivery system for the poorly water-soluble ...We applied a combination of inorganic mesoporous silica material,frequently used as drug carriers,and a natural organic polymer alginate(ALG),to establish a sustained drug delivery system for the poorly water-soluble drug Indomethacin(IND).Mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSNs)were synthesized using an organic template method and then functionalized with aminopropyl groups through postsynthesis.After drug loading into the pores of aninopropyl functionalized MSNs(AP-MSNs),IND loaded AP-MSNs(IND-AP-MSNs)were encapsulated by ALG through the ionic interaction.The effects of surface chemical groups and ALG layer on IND release were systematically studied using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),nitrogen adsorption,zetapotential analysis and TGA analysis.The surface structure and surface charge changes of the ALG encapsulated AP-MSNs(ALG-AP-MSNs)were also investigated.The results showed that sustained release of IND from the designed drug delivery system was mainly due to the blockage effect from the coated ALG.We believe that this combination will help designing oral sustained drug delivery systems for poorly water-soluble drugs.展开更多
Water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from grapefruit with the method of water-dissolving and ethanol-precipitating. By single factor test and orthogonal experimental method, the extraction conditions of the water...Water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from grapefruit with the method of water-dissolving and ethanol-precipitating. By single factor test and orthogonal experimental method, the extraction conditions of the water-soluble polysaccharide were investigated, which contained liquid-solid ratio, temperature, time and pH. The results showed that pH was the most important factor of polysaccharide extraction, followed by temperature. The optimized extraction technology conditions were obtained. The liquid-solid ratio was 1:40, temperature was 90?C, time was 2.0 h, and pH was 2. The highest extraction rate of crude polysaccharide was 8.30%.展开更多
Novel water-soluble prodrugs of combretastatin A-4 (5-8) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against lung carcinoma A549. Compound 5, bearing phosphoryl choline (PC) moiety, showed 90% i...Novel water-soluble prodrugs of combretastatin A-4 (5-8) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against lung carcinoma A549. Compound 5, bearing phosphoryl choline (PC) moiety, showed 90% inhibition at 32 ktg/mL concentration after 24 h. The findings showed the PC derivative would be a promising candidate for the development of new water-soluble prodrug of cytotoxic combretastatin A-4,展开更多
Thirty-six daily time interval PM2.5 samples were collected in different seasonal dates in urban Shanghai, and the concentrations of four anions (Cl- , NO3-, SO4^2-, C2O4^2-) and five cations (NH+, Na+, K+, Ca2...Thirty-six daily time interval PM2.5 samples were collected in different seasonal dates in urban Shanghai, and the concentrations of four anions (Cl- , NO3-, SO4^2-, C2O4^2-) and five cations (NH+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) were analyzed with ion chromatography. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were found to be the dominant species, accounting for about 80% of the total ions. The daily nitrate to sulfate mass ratio ranged from 0.31 to 0.82, indicating that coal combustion was still the main pollution source in Shanghai. The equivalent ratio of ammonium to stun of nitrate and sulfate showed fixed diurnal variation pattern in all the sampling days with higher values in the nighttime, suggesting that fine particles in the night were more neutralized. The oxalate to sulfate ratio was lower in the winter sampling days than that in hotter summer and autumn sampling days. Oxalate was significantly correlated with sulfate in winter sampling days, but not in the summer and autumn, suggesting that the formation mechanism of oxalate and sulfate was similar in winter, however different in hot days.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries attract lots of attention due to their high specific capacity,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the low sulfur utilization and short cycle life extremely hinder their application...Lithium-sulfur batteries attract lots of attention due to their high specific capacity,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the low sulfur utilization and short cycle life extremely hinder their application.Herein,we design and fabricate a three-dimensional electrode by a simple filtration method to achieve a high-sulfur loading.Biomass porous carbon is employed as a current collector,which not only enhances the electronic transport but also effectively limits the volume expansion of the active material.Meanwhile,an optimized carboxymethyl cellulose binder is chosen.The chemical bonding restricts the shuttle effect,leading to improved electrochemical performance.Under the ultrahigh sulfur load of 28mg/cm2,the high capacity of 18mAh/cm2 is still maintained,and stable cycling performance is obtained.This study demonstrates a viable strategy to develop promising lithium-sulfur batteries with a three-dimensional electrode,which promotes sulfur loading and electrochemical performance.展开更多
文摘Sugar cane juice is a popular refreshing drink in most part of Bangladesh. It has great taste and health benefits;also it is available most of the public places at reasonable prices which consumed by road side customers including general public, shopping personals, tourists, students. In our country, street vendors crushing sugarcane between roller crusher and sold without any heat treatment or preservative, also served with or without added ice and lemon juice. The study aimed to identify and compare the physico-chemical and microbial quality of sugarcane juice. The chemical qualities of juices including moisture, P<sup>H</sup>, ash, total soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found slightly different in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj areas. The highest and lowest value of moisture, ash, P<sup>H</sup>, total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar and titrable acidity were found in 84.33% - 79.26% (Gazipur-Mymensingh), 0.57% - 0.04% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 5.9 - 2.9 (Gazipur-Narayangonj), 17.48% - 4.98% (Mymensingh-Narayangonj), 21.9% - 6.56% (Mymensingh-Gazipur), 3.7 - 2.1 (Gazipur-Mymensingh) and 0.523% - 0.007% (Narayangonj-Gazipur) respectively. For microbiological analysis, the total viable count of sugar cane juice in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Narayangonj were ranged from 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 43.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 4.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 21.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 3.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 36.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml respectively, where the permitted value is 1.0 × 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/ml, whereas the total coliform count was ranged from 0.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 6.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 0.00 - 8.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 100 cfu/ml and total fungal count was ranged from 5.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 56.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, 21.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 54.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml and 32.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> - 68.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml, where the permitted value is 1000 cfu/ml. According to the Gulf standard, the microbiological parameters of all the collected sugar cane juice were out of the permitted standards, so that a serious health outbreak can be caused anytime.
基金Financial support by Dual Initiative Project of Jiangsu Province and Changzhou University is gratefully acknowledgedSample analysis supported by Analysis and Testing Center,NERC Biomass of Changzhou University was also greatly acknowledged.
文摘The transformation of aldose to ketose or common sugars into rare saccharides,including rare ketoses and aldoses,is of great value and interest to the food industry and for saccharidic biomass utilization,medicine,and the synthesis of drugs.Nowadays,high-fructose corn syrup(HFCS)is industrially produced in more than 10 million tons annually using immobilized glucose isomerase.Some low-calorie saccharides such as tagatose and psicose,which are becoming popular sweeteners,have also been produced on a pilot scale in order to replace sucrose and HFCS.However,current catalysts and catalytic processes are still difficult to utilize in biomass conversion and also have strong substrate dependence in producing high-value,rare sugars.Considering the specific reaction properties of saccharides and catalysts,since the pioneering discovery by Fischer,various catalysts and catalytic systems have been discovered or developed in attempts to extend the reaction pathways,improve the reaction efficiency,and to potentially produce commercial products.In this review,we trace the history of sugar isomerization/epimerization reactions and summarize the important breakthroughs for each reaction as well as the difficulties that remain unresolved to date.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 21973110 and 21925406).
文摘Recently,Gary et al.published an article elucidating how sugars contribute to the protection of dry protein structure.They utilized an ingenious liquid-observed vapor exchange(LOVE)nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)method,providing valuable insights into the protection mechanism of sugars during the drying process.The details of their study can be found in the article available at https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00692.
基金funded by the University of Muhammadiyah Malang through a doctoral scientific work development program and also by theMinistry of Finance of Indonesia through the LPDP BUDI-DN scholarship(BP),and National Competitive Fundamental Research Grant(Hibah Penelitian Dasar),Kemendikbudristek,2021–2022(D).
文摘An a-C/a-C:N junction,which used palmyra sugar as the carbon source and ammonium hydroxide(NH4OH)as the dopant source,was successfully deposited on the ITO glass substrate using the nano-spraying method.The current-voltage relationship of the junction was found to be a Schottky-like contact,and therefore the junction shows the characteristic rectifiers.This means the a-C and a-C:N are semiconductors with different types of conduction.Moreover,the samples showed an increase in current and voltage value when exposed to visible light(bright state)compared to the dark condition,thereby,indicating the creation of electron-hole pairs during the exposure.It was also discovered that the relationship between current and voltage for the a-C/a-C:N junction sample formed a curve that satisfies the rule of the photovoltaic effect when exposed to visible light from a light bulb.The exposure of this sample to direct sunlight at AM 1.5 conditions produced a curve that meets the rules for the emergence of the photovoltaic effect with higher characteristics for the current-voltage relationship.Thus,the a-C/a-C:N junction sample is a solar cell successfully fabricated using a sample method and has a maximum efficiency of 0.0013%.
文摘The objective of this work is to develop new biosourced insulating composites from rice husks and wood chips that can be used in the building sector. It appears from the properties of the precursors that rice chips and husks are materials which can have good thermal conductivity and therefore the combination of these precursors could make it possible to obtain panels with good insulating properties. With regard to environmental and climatic constraints, the composite panels formulated at various rates were tested and the physico-mechanical and thermal properties showed that it was essential to add a crosslinker in order to increase certain solicitation. an incorporation rate of 12% to 30% made it possible to obtain panels with low thermal conductivity, a low surface water absorption capacity and which gives the composite good thermal insulation and will find many applications in the construction and real estate sector. Finally, new solutions to improve the fire reaction of the insulation panels are tested which allows to identify suitable solutions for the developed composites. In view of the flame tests, the panels obtained are good and can effectively combat fire safety in public buildings.
文摘Objective: To analyze the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on improving blood glucose levels and treatment compliance in elderly patients with diabetes. Methods: One hundred and forty-eight elderly patients with diabetes were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 74 cases each. The control group received routine nursing intervention and the observation group received comprehensive nursing intervention. The blood sugar levels, treatment compliance, and nursing satisfaction of the two groups of patients before and after intervention were compared. Results: After the intervention, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (t = 7.729), 2 hours postprandial glucose (PPG) (t = 8.343), and HbA1c (t = 6.929) levels of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The observation group (71/95.95%) had a higher compliance rate than the control group (54/72.97%) (χ^(2)=14.877, P < 0.001). The comprehensive nursing satisfaction rate of the observation group (73/98.65%) was higher than that of the control group (56/75.68%) (χ^(2)=17.451, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In caring for elderly patients with diabetes, comprehensive nursing intervention effectively reduced patients’ blood sugar levels and improved treatment compliance and nursing satisfaction.
基金the Thailand Research Fund through Thai Basic Research Grant(BRG5680020 to V.B.J.)the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program and Mahidol。
文摘Nanocrystals,a carrier-free colloidal delivery system in nano-sized range,is an interesting approach for poorly soluble drugs.Nanocrystals provide special features including enhancement of saturation solubility,dissolution velocity and adhesiveness to surface/cell membranes.Several strategies are applied for nanocrystals production including precipitation,milling,high pressure homogenization and combination methods such as Nano-Edge^(TM),SmartCrystal and Precipitation-lyophilization-homogenization(PLH)technology.For oral administration,many publications reported useful advantages of nanocrystals to improve in vivo performances i.e.pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics,safety and targeted delivery which were discussed in this review.Additionally,transformation of nanocrystals to final formulations and future trends of nanocrystals were also described.
文摘A simple, sensitive and convenient ion chromatography(IC) method was established for the simultaneous determination of twelve water-soluble inorganic anions(F -, Cl -, NO - 2, NO - 3, SO 2- 3, SO 2- 4, PO 3- 4), and fifteen water-soluble organic ions(formate, acetate, MSA, oxalate, malonate, succinate, phthalates, etc.) in atmospheric aerosols. The linear concentrations ranged from 0.005 μg/m 3 to 500 μg/m 3(r = 0.999—0.9999). The relative standard deviation(RSD) were 0.43%—2.00% and the detection limits were from 2.7 ng/m 3 to 88 ng/m 3. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of those inorganic ions and organic ions in PM 2.5 of Beijing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30771113, 30870810)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universityprovided by the Caenorhabdits Genetics Center (funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resource, USA).
文摘Chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants is mainly controlled by ASE sensory neuron whose specification is regulated by che-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our data suggested that exposure to high concentrations of metals, such as Pb, Cu, Ag, and Cr, would result in severe defects of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants of NaCl, cAMP, and biotin. Moreover, the morphology of ASE neuron structures as observed by relative fluorescent intensities and relative size of fluorescent puncta of cell bodies, relative lengths of sensory endings in ASE neurons, and the expression patterns of che-1 were obviously altered in metal exposed animals when they meanwhile exhibited obvious chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants. In addition, the dendrite morphology could be noticeably changed in animals exposed to 150 μmol/L of Pb, Cu, and Ag. Furthermore, we observed significant decreases of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants in Pb exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 2.5 μmol/L, and in Cu, Ag, and Cr exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 50 μmol/L. Therefore, impairment of the ASE neuron structures and functions may largely contribute to the appearance of chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants in metal exposed nematodes.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 40525016.
文摘Combining the system of rapid collection of ambient particles and ion chromatography, the system of rapid collection of fine particles and ion chromatography (RCFP-IC) was established to automatically analyze on-line the concentrations of water-soluble ions in ambient particles. Here, the general scheme of RCFP-IC is described and its basic performance is tested. The detection limit of RCFP-IC for SO4^2-, NO3^-, NO2^-, Cl^- and F- is below 0.3μg m^-3. The collection efficiency of RCFP-IC increases rapidly with increasing sized particles. For particles larger than 300 nm, the collection efficiency approaches 100%. The precision of RCFP-IC is more than 90% over 28 repetitions. The response of RCFP-IC is very sensitive and no obvious cross-pollution is found during measurement. A comparison of RCFP-IC with an integrated filter measurement indicates that the measurement of RCFP-IC is comparable in both laboratory experiments and field observations. The results of the field experiment prove that RCFP-IC is an effective on-line monitoring system and is helpful in source apportionment and pollution episode monitoring.
基金Supported by the Development Project of Jilin Province Science and Technology of China(No.20080344)
文摘A series of water-soluble polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO), polyacrylamide(PAM) and poly(vinyl pyrrilidone)(PVP) was successfully prepared via the electrospinning of their aqueous solutions without the use of a surfactant. The effects of solution properties on the electrospinning of PEO, PAM and PVP solutions were investigated. The viscosity of the solution, charge density carried by the jet, and the surface tension of the solution are the key factors that influence the morphology and diameter size of the fibers. The viscosity of the solution was measured on a modular compact rheometer. The morphology and the diameter size distribution of the fibers were observed under an environmental scanning electron microscope(ESEM). The results show that the diameters of the nanofibers electro spun from the solutions of these water soluble polymers were uniform and less than 300 nm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51405002)
文摘Water soluble cores(WSCs) have been widely applied in manufacture of complex metal components with hollow configurations or internal channels. However, the WSCs without any additons have low tensile strength and low humidity resistance. The purpose of this study is to prepare a water-soluble potassium carbonate sand core with addition of kaolin by the hot-temping method. The effects of kaolin on tensile strength, humidity resistance, fracture mechanism, as well as the gas evolution and collapsibility of WSCs were investigated. Results show that both the crystal morphology and the fracture mechanism of the inorganic salt are changed under the participation of kaolin, contributing to the increase of the tensile strength and the humidity resistance of the core. With the addition of 3wt.% kaolin, the tensile strength could be increased by a factor of 2, reached 1.50 MPa and the hygroscopic rate could be decreased by 14%, achieved 0.559%(after stored for 8 h), respectively. As the addition amount of kaolin increases from 0wt.% to 3wt.%, the main fracture mechanism changes from a adhesive to a cohesive fracture mechanism. The water-soluble potassium carbonate core obtained has the low gas evolution and excellent collapsibility, which makes it suitable for casting low melting metal with complex cavities and crooked channels.
基金The authors acknowledge the support from the MOST 973 Program of China (No. 2006CB705600),from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10523001) ;the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education.
文摘Water-soluble property is the precondition of biomedical evaluation and application of carbon nanotube (CNT). Novel water- soluble CNT was synthesized in this letter by grafting phosphoryl choline (PC) onto multi-wall CNTs. Utilizing FTIR, XPS, TGA and TEM, the title CNTs were characterized and it was found that the target products could facilely dissolve in water. 2007 Tao Zhang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC No.20276009)Trans-century Training Program Foundation for the Talents by the State Education Commission and Special Scientific Research Foundation of University Doctoral Program by the State Ministry of Education(No.20020141005).
文摘A novel polyquaternaryammonium cationic sulphur black dye was synthesized and its dyeing behavior on silk was studied. The dye exhibited excellent dyeing fixation of up to 98.2 %, as well as excellent dyeing fastness on silk.
基金This work was financially supported by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(No.105075)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20503016).
文摘Fructone (2-methyl-2-ethylacetoacetate-1, 3-dioxolane), a flavouring material, has been synthesized from ethyl acetoacetate and glycol using five water-soluble Brφnsted acid ionic liquids as catalysts for the first time. The used Brφnsted acid ionic liquids include [Hmim]Tfa, [Hmim]Tsa, [Hmim]BF4, [Bmim]HSO4, [Bmim]H2P04, and [Hmim]BF4 showed the highest catalytic activity for the preparation of fructone. After reaction, the product could be isolated from the reaction system automatically, and the ionic liquid could be directly reused without dehydration.
基金This work was supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2009CB930300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81072605)Shenyang Special Fund for Exploration of Intellectual Resources.
文摘We applied a combination of inorganic mesoporous silica material,frequently used as drug carriers,and a natural organic polymer alginate(ALG),to establish a sustained drug delivery system for the poorly water-soluble drug Indomethacin(IND).Mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSNs)were synthesized using an organic template method and then functionalized with aminopropyl groups through postsynthesis.After drug loading into the pores of aninopropyl functionalized MSNs(AP-MSNs),IND loaded AP-MSNs(IND-AP-MSNs)were encapsulated by ALG through the ionic interaction.The effects of surface chemical groups and ALG layer on IND release were systematically studied using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),nitrogen adsorption,zetapotential analysis and TGA analysis.The surface structure and surface charge changes of the ALG encapsulated AP-MSNs(ALG-AP-MSNs)were also investigated.The results showed that sustained release of IND from the designed drug delivery system was mainly due to the blockage effect from the coated ALG.We believe that this combination will help designing oral sustained drug delivery systems for poorly water-soluble drugs.
文摘Water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from grapefruit with the method of water-dissolving and ethanol-precipitating. By single factor test and orthogonal experimental method, the extraction conditions of the water-soluble polysaccharide were investigated, which contained liquid-solid ratio, temperature, time and pH. The results showed that pH was the most important factor of polysaccharide extraction, followed by temperature. The optimized extraction technology conditions were obtained. The liquid-solid ratio was 1:40, temperature was 90?C, time was 2.0 h, and pH was 2. The highest extraction rate of crude polysaccharide was 8.30%.
文摘Novel water-soluble prodrugs of combretastatin A-4 (5-8) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against lung carcinoma A549. Compound 5, bearing phosphoryl choline (PC) moiety, showed 90% inhibition at 32 ktg/mL concentration after 24 h. The findings showed the PC derivative would be a promising candidate for the development of new water-soluble prodrug of cytotoxic combretastatin A-4,
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20877052)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Grant No.S30109)
文摘Thirty-six daily time interval PM2.5 samples were collected in different seasonal dates in urban Shanghai, and the concentrations of four anions (Cl- , NO3-, SO4^2-, C2O4^2-) and five cations (NH+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) were analyzed with ion chromatography. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were found to be the dominant species, accounting for about 80% of the total ions. The daily nitrate to sulfate mass ratio ranged from 0.31 to 0.82, indicating that coal combustion was still the main pollution source in Shanghai. The equivalent ratio of ammonium to stun of nitrate and sulfate showed fixed diurnal variation pattern in all the sampling days with higher values in the nighttime, suggesting that fine particles in the night were more neutralized. The oxalate to sulfate ratio was lower in the winter sampling days than that in hotter summer and autumn sampling days. Oxalate was significantly correlated with sulfate in winter sampling days, but not in the summer and autumn, suggesting that the formation mechanism of oxalate and sulfate was similar in winter, however different in hot days.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51702063 and 51672056)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang(LC2018004)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630340,2019T120254)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University.
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries attract lots of attention due to their high specific capacity,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the low sulfur utilization and short cycle life extremely hinder their application.Herein,we design and fabricate a three-dimensional electrode by a simple filtration method to achieve a high-sulfur loading.Biomass porous carbon is employed as a current collector,which not only enhances the electronic transport but also effectively limits the volume expansion of the active material.Meanwhile,an optimized carboxymethyl cellulose binder is chosen.The chemical bonding restricts the shuttle effect,leading to improved electrochemical performance.Under the ultrahigh sulfur load of 28mg/cm2,the high capacity of 18mAh/cm2 is still maintained,and stable cycling performance is obtained.This study demonstrates a viable strategy to develop promising lithium-sulfur batteries with a three-dimensional electrode,which promotes sulfur loading and electrochemical performance.