Genetic variation of yellow pigment and its components in foxtail millet(Setaria italica(L.) P.Beauv.) from different eco-regions in China

Kernel color is an important trait for assessing the commercial and nutritional quality of foxtail millet. Yellow pigment content （YPC） and carotenoid components （lutein and zeaxanthin） of 270 foxtail millet accessions, including 50 landraces and 220 improved cultivars, from four different eco-regions in China were surveyed using spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography methods. Results indicated that YPC had rich variance, ranging from 1.91 to 28.54 mg kg-1, with an average value of 17.80 mg kg-1. The average YPC of improved cultivars （18.31 mg kg-1） was significantly higher than that of landraces （15.51 mg kg-l）. The YPC in cultivars from the Loess Plateau spring sowing region （LPSSR） was the highest （20.59 mg kg-~）, followed by the North China summer sowing region （NCSSR, 18.25 mg kg-1）, the northeast spring sowing region （NSSR, 17.25 mg kg-1）, and the Inner Mongolia Plateau spring sowing region （IMPSSR, 13.92 mg kg-1）. The variation coefficients of YPC in cultivars from NSSR, LPSSR, and IMPSSR were higher than that from NCSSR. A similar carotenoid profile was also obtained for 270 foxtail millet cultivars. Lutein and zeaxanthin accounted for approximately 55-65% of YPC in accessions. The lutein content was higher than zeaxanthin content in all cultivars. The ratio of lutein to zeaxanthin ranged from 1.51 to 6.06 with an average of 3.34. YPC was positively correlated with lutein （r=0.935, P〈0.01）, zeaxanthin （r=0.808, P〈0.01 ）, and growth duration （t=0.488, P〈0.01 ）, whereas it was negatively correlated with grain protein （t=-0.332, P〈0.01） and 1 000-kernel weight （t=-0.153, P〈0.05）. Our study is useful for screening and selecting cultivars with high levels of yellow pigment and for enhancing phytochemical concentrations in breeding programs.

Effect of safflower yellow pigment combined with cerebellin on neurological function in patients with ischemic stroke and its mechanism

Objective: To investigate the effects of safflower yellow pigment combined with cerebellin on neurological function in patients with ischemic stroke and analyze its possible mechanism. Methods: A total of 130 patients with ischemic stroke admitted to my hospital from May 2017 to August 2018 were enrolled. The patients were divided into the control group and the study group according to the random number table method, 65 cases in each group. The control group was treated with cerebroside carnosine. And the study group was treated with safflower yellow pigment on the basis of the control group. The changes of neurological function index, oxidative stress index, vascular endothelial function index and inflammatory factor were compared before and after treatment. Results: There were no significant differences in preoperative neurological parameters, oxidative stress, vascular endothelial function and inflammatory factors between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the neurological function indexes S-100β and NSE were significantly lower in both groups, and NGF levels were significantly increased. The S-100β and NSE levels in the study group were (0.91±0.10) ng/L and (12.91±1.33) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than control group. While the NGF level of the study group was (79.52±8.07) μg/L significantly higher than that of the control group (both P<0.05). The levels of Ox-LDL were significantly reduced and GSH-Px levels were significantly elevated in both groups after treatment. The level of oxidative stress index Ox-LDL was (563.51±57.10) μg/dL, which was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the GSH-Px level was (154.55±16.07) U/L, which was significantly higher than the control group (both P<0.05). The levels of vascular endothelial function NT-proBNP, TXB2 and ET-1 were significantly lower in the two groups after treatment. The NT-proBNP, TXB2 and ET-1 in the study group were (95.91±9.77) pg/mL, (245.69±25.06) pg/mL and (64.26±6.65) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than the control group (both P<0.05). The levels of inflammatory factors MMP-9 and TNF-α were significantly lower in the two groups after treatment. The levels of MMP-9 and TNF-α in the study group were (60.64±6.12) ng/mL and (0.33±0.04) ng/mL, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Safflor yellow combined with cerebellin in the treatment of ischemic stroke has higher clinical efficacy and can significantly improve the neurological function of patients. The possible mechanism is related to the improvement of vascular endothelial function and stress response.

植物蛋白基玉米黄色素微胶囊的制备及性能评价

为了改善玉米黄色素(maize yellow pigment,MYP)水溶性差、不稳定性和生物利用度低等问题,本实验以不同植物基蛋白(豌豆分离蛋白、火麻蛋白、大豆分离蛋白)和海藻酸钠两类材料结合作为复合壁材,以麦芽糊精为单一壁材分别制备MYP微胶囊,对微胶囊的包埋效果、理化性质、粒径、热稳定性、微观结构、体外消化特性以及抗氧化能力进行评价,并研究其对H_(2)O_(2)诱导的ARPE-19细胞氧化损伤模型的保护作用。结果表明,MYP的微胶囊化可以提高其溶解度、生物利用度和抗氧化活性;微胶囊(MYP质量浓度在375~1 125μg/mL范围内)不影响ARPE-19细胞活力,并且在H_(2)O_(2)诱发氧化损伤模型中显示出更好的细胞抗氧化作用;3种壁材展现出不同的功能特性。与其他壁材相比,豌豆蛋白-海藻酸钠壁材的微胶囊有较高的包埋率、较低的含水量、较小尺寸,同时具有良好的流动性和稳定性。

AB-8大孔吸附树脂对黄姜黄色素的吸附效果研究

以黄姜为原料生产皂素的过程中,黄姜黄色素的流失不仅会对周围水环境造成污染,同时也是黄色素资源的巨大浪费。针对此问题,文章研究利用AB-8大孔吸附树脂吸附溶液中的黄姜黄色素,分别采用静态和动态吸附两种方式用AB-8大孔吸附树脂对黄姜黄色素的吸附效果进行考察,并研究了其洗脱情况。实验结果表明,静态和动态吸附对黄姜黄色素均有一定的吸附效果,综合考虑成本、吸附效果、解吸能力等,动态吸附更佳。在此实验条件下,AB-8大孔吸附树脂能处理36倍树脂体积的黄姜黄色素溶液,吸附率为76.65%。以99%乙醇水溶液为脱附剂,解吸率为75.58%。研究结果能为分离纯化黄姜黄色素的树脂选择及工艺推广和优化提供一定的依据。

Study on distributional characteristics of phytoplankton population in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in the summer 2015

Marine phytoplankton plays a very important role in marine ecology,environment and global climate change,and it is an indicative organism for measuring water quality.The Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in China have unique geographical locations.Therefore,the characteristics of phytoplankton population distribution in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea are of great significance to the study of marine ecology in China.In this work,the pigment data obtained from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in August 2015 were analyzed by HPLC(High-Performance Liquid Chromatography).Then the pigment data were analyzed statistically by the CHEMTAX software,so that the phytoplankton community structure information was obtained.Results show that in summer 2015,from the perspective of sea area,the biomass of phytoplankton in the surface of Bohai Sea is higher than that in the Yellow Sea,while the phytoplankton biomass in the surface of North Yellow Sea is higher than that in the South.From the perspective of dominant species of phytoplankton,the surface waters of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea were dominated by diatoms,prymnesiophytes and chlorophytes,accounting for 55.76%,14.56%and 14.55%respectively.Among them,diatoms accounted for the absolute advantage.

Genetics and Characteristics of a Pigmentation Defective Laboratory Strain of the Lady Beetle, Coleomegilla maculata

Beetles in the family Coccinellidae, commonly known as ladybugs, lady beetles, or ladybirds, are easily identifiable and popular beneficial insects. Current research aims to support conservation efforts of beneficial insects in agroecosystems by exploring genetic processes related to nutrition. As a part of this research, colonies of Coleomegilla maculata have been maintained in culture and inbred over many generations since 2009. One result of this inbreeding has been the discovery of novel morphological phenotypes unique to laboratory strains or present in wild populations at such low levels that they have not yet been described. One such phenotype is described here. The strain described here, ye (yellow elytra and eyes) was characterized with classical Mendelian breeding and digital image analysis. This phenotype differs from wild populations by possessing yellow pigment in the elytra and pale grey to white eyes. In contrast, wild populations of C. maculata possess pink or red pigmented elytra with black spots, and black eyes. C. maculata is not known to exhibit polymorphism in the field. Inheritance is autosomal and recessive. This species was not previously known to exhibit the dramatic variation of color described here. The strain is stable in the homozygous recessive form, and retains laboratory rearing characteristics similar to the wild type laboratory strain.

Gd^(3+)、Mo^(6+)共掺杂BiVO_(4)颜料的制备及表征

在炎热地区,将色彩艳丽的环境友好型高近红外反射颜料作为建筑外墙以及交通工具的外漆,可减少制冷所需要的空调能耗,可在满足人们视觉需求的同时,有效缓解城市“热岛效应”.离子掺杂是调和颜料的色彩的重要手段.研究采用固相煅烧法制备了钆离子和钼离子共掺杂的(Gd_(0.5)Mo)_(x)(BiV)_(1-x)O_(4)(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)近红外反射黄色颜料.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外/可见/近红外分光光度计、色度仪和热重–示差扫描量热仪(TG–DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对颜料样品的结构组成、反射特性、颜色及热稳定性等进行了测试表征.结果表明,制备的颜料样品为单斜白钨矿结构,Gd^(3+)和Mo^(6+)通过取代Bi^(3+)和V^(5+),成功进入BiVO4晶格.随着掺杂量的增加,样品颜色由暗黄向明黄转变,在700~2500 nm波段近红外反太阳光射率最高达到82.5%.所制备的颜料具有良好的热稳定性.因而,黄色(Gd_(0.5)Mo)_(x)(BiV)_(1-x)O_(4)可作为热反射隔热候选颜料用于建筑及交通工具等领域.

亚麻籽水溶蛋白与红曲黄色素相互作用及其对色素稳定性的影响

红曲黄色素是常见的天然食用色素且具有多种生理功效,但其水溶性较差,且对光、热、酸碱敏感,限制了其在食品领域的广泛应用。以亚麻籽水溶蛋白(water-soluble flaxseed protein,FPW)为载体制备其与红曲黄色素的复合物,利用组合光谱分析技术研究两种红曲黄色素(monascin,MS和ankaflavin,AK)与FPW之间的相互作用行为,考察FPW同富含红曲黄色素的红曲色素(Monascus pigments,Mps)复合后,色素在水溶液中的分散性与稳定性变化情况。荧光光谱分析发现,MS和AK均以静态猝灭方式与FPW结合,且均只存在一个结合位点,FP W-AK体系的结合常数大于FP W-MS体系;热力学参数分析表明,维系FP W-MS体系的主要作用力为氢键和范德华力,维系FP W-AK体系的主要作用力为氢键和静电作用。同步荧光光谱、三维荧光光谱分析表明,MS或AK的加入使FPW的氨基酸残基微环境发生改变,从而引起FPW的构象改变。紫外-可见光谱和红外光谱研究结果进一步证明,MS和AK的添加使FPW的二级结构发生改变。此外,与FPW复合后,Mps在水中的分散性提高,且与不同浓度的FPW形成复合物后,在温度为25℃,光照强度为3900 Lux,光照时间为72 h时,与游离的Mps相比,FP W-Mps的保留率分别提高了9.53%、16.92%、31.37%;在温度为4、25、50℃的避光条件下,FP W-Mps较游离的Mps的保留率分别提高了25.65%、22.04%、25.98%;在温度为25℃,pH值为3、5、7、9、11,避光条件下,FP W-Mps较游离的Mps的保留率分别提高了10.27%、12.96%、12.06%、17.82%、7.27%。与FPW复合后,在不同光照时间、温度和pH值条件下,Mps的保留率均增加,表明FPW可以提高Mps的光稳定性、热稳定性和酸碱稳定性。研究旨在为红曲黄色素稳定性研究提供新的思路。

羟基红花黄色素A对自发性高血压大鼠肾损伤的保护作用

采用生化检测、HE染色和免疫组化技术,研究了羟基红花黄色素A(Hydroxysafflor yellow A,HSYA)对自发性高血压大鼠(Spontaneously hypertensive rat,SHR)血清生化、氧化应激和肾脏病理的影响.结果表明:与SHR模型组相比,不同剂量HSYA可调节SHR的血清REN、AngⅡ、ALD、ACE、TNF-α和IL-6含量,提高肾组织中SOD、GSH-Px活性,降低MDA含量,上调HMGCS2蛋白表达,改善肾脏病理程度.

红花黄色素对菊花永生花的染色工艺优化

为探究4个单因素对红花黄色素染色菊花的工艺影响,以脱水脱色菊花为试材,从传统染料植物红花中提取黄色素后冷冻干燥,对菊花进行染色;通过紫外—可见光谱法对红花黄色素定性测试其最大吸收波长,并测量染色后的颜色坐标和响应值K/S值;通过Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计,以K/S值为响应值进行响应面(RSM)分析,优化红花黄色素染菊花永生花工艺条件。结果显示:红花黄色素的最大波长为406.5 nm。红花黄色素染色菊花的最佳条件为:染色时间1.0 h,染色温度30℃,色素质量浓度8 g·L^(-1),染液pH值6。在此条件下,染出的菊花呈亮黄色,形态较好,染色均匀,观赏度较高。可得结论,天然红花黄色素具有较高的稳定性和匀染性,适宜菊花永生花的工业化生产。

明胶基可食墨水的制备及其书写绘画应用

该研究采用高效机械耦合工艺(机械多级搅拌+高压低时剪切球磨)制备以明胶为连接料、水溶性天然色素(栀子蓝、胭脂虫红和栀子黄)为色料、甘油为助剂的一系列可食墨水。结果表明,当栀子蓝、胭脂虫红和栀子黄的添加量分别为0.75、0.70、0.65 g/mL时,明胶基可食墨水体系的色彩呈现度和三阶段触变性测试触变恢复率最好;明胶质量浓度1.0 g/L时,明胶基可食墨水体系有较好的稳定性和分散特性,表现为较好的冻融稳定性和低沉降率;此外,加入0.1%(体积分数)甘油可以改善明胶基可食墨水体系的离心稳定性和流变特性(触变指数)。实验表明,以明胶为连接料、水溶性天然色素为色料、甘油为助剂可制备绘画书写表现优秀的、相对稳定的可食墨水体系,为可食墨水的研发和食品应用提供借鉴。

玉米黄色素微胶囊在风味发酵乳中的应用

本文使用超声辅助麦芽糊精(Malto Dextrin,MD)制备玉米黄色素(Maize Yellow Pigment,MYP)微胶囊,以提高MYP的溶解度和稳定性,对其进行了结构表征、理化测定和性能测定,并将其应用于风味发酵乳。扫描电镜和傅里叶变换红外结果证实了微胶囊的形成,粒径和电位结果证明了微胶囊为纳米级且稳定,热重结果表明微胶囊提高了MYP的热稳定性;最优条件下微胶囊中的包埋率为33.51%;微胶囊的溶解度、稳定性明显提高,微胶囊的抗氧化活性随着MYP的增加而增强,微胶囊生物利用度明显提高(P<0.01);样品组与对照组酸奶相比,分析的理化指标未显示显著差异(p>0.05)。本文研究表明所制备的MYP微胶囊可以增强MYP的溶解性、稳定性和缓释性,可以用作酸奶中的着色剂和抗氧化剂。

山西谷子主要农艺性状与黄色素含量的相关性分析

为探明影响小米黄色素含量的主要因素,以期为谷子育种中优异种质的筛选提供依据,以山西292份地方品种为材料,于2020年和2022年种植在山西农业大学东阳示范基地,对谷子米色、黄色素2个品质性状和株高、颈长、叶长、叶宽、主穗长度、主穗直径、主茎节数、主茎直径共8个主要农艺性状进行遗传变异分析、相关性分析和主成分分析,并基于主成分分析计算其综合得分。结果表明,山西谷子地方品种的颈长变异最为丰富,黄色素含量变异系数为22.42%,次于颈长而高于主茎直径。相关性分析表明,黄色素含量与株高、颈长、叶长、主茎直径4个农艺性状和a*、b*、CCI共3个米色相关指标均呈极显著正相关,与主穗直径呈极显著负相关,与主茎节数呈显著正相关。主成分分析表明,4个主成分的累计贡献率达到73.62%,可用于表述谷子黄色素含量、米色和8个主要农艺性状的大部分信息。可见,小米米色是黄色素含量的重要影响因素,谷子株高、颈长、叶长、主茎直径、主穗直径、主茎节数可能影响小米黄色素含量。依据综合得分,发现第266号来自于忻州市繁峙县的金点鱼综合得分最高,其黄色素的含量为27.27μg/g,CCI值为3.71,表型性状表现优异。

栀子黄色素的研究进展

栀子黄色素是从栀子果实提取的以藏红花素和藏红花酸为主要成分的混合物,其着色性好、药理活性广泛且安全性高。当下人们对安全和健康的关注持续上升,大健康产业蓬勃发展,天然色素的需求量随之逐年上升,栀子黄色素在食品、面料、医药等领域具有广阔的应用前景。为了解栀子黄色素的发展现状、拓宽其应用范围,本文简要综述了栀子黄色素的性质、提取工艺、精制工艺以及应用现状。

C.I.颜料黄155的溶剂法颜料化工艺研究

为提高C.I.颜料黄155的应用性能,由2-氨基-对苯二甲酸二甲酯经重氮化反应后再与1,4-双乙酰乙酰对苯二胺偶合,得到C.I.颜料黄155粗品,分别采用有机溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)对其进行处理以及水热处理,得到各C.I.颜料黄155样品。并讨论了溶剂处理对C.I.颜料黄155颜料的颜色、晶型、热稳定性、水接触角、粒径等性能的影响。结果表明:C.I.颜料黄155粗品经过DMF和NMP颜料化后,颜料结晶度较高且粒径减小,颗粒分布变窄,溶剂处理后的C.I.颜料黄155着色力可达109.9%,疏水性增大。

黄鸡皮肤着色影响因素以及相关措施

黄鸡的皮肤着色是影响消费者购买欲望的一个重要因素,也是当前黄鸡养殖企业面临的一个重要问题。本文结合当前对肉鸡皮肤着色的相关研究,综述了黄鸡皮肤着色的影响因素以及相关措施。

水解法制备氧化硅包覆钒酸铋黄色颜料及其表征

研究先采用共沉淀法制备了未包裹BiVO_(4)黄色色料,再以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,采用水解法制备了SiO_(2)包裹BiVO_(4)包裹色料。系统研究了Si/Bi摩尔比和水浴温度对包裹色料耐温性的影响,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术对色料进行了表征。结果表明,当反应温度为45℃、nSi/Bi=4时,可得到耐温性最佳的BiVO_(4)@SiO_(2)色料,其色度参数L*、a*和b*值分别为75.41、0.06和72.08,包裹色料在700℃煅烧后其呈色基本不变,并在800℃煅烧后仍呈现红相黄色调且未烧结成块,仍可作为黄色颜料使用,而未包裹色料在600℃煅烧后已变色且烧结成块无法使用。总之,BiVO_(4)@SiO_(2)包裹色料的耐温性有了显著提升,且可开发为多种色度的高温无机黄色颜料。

镨锆黄色料制备方法研究进展

主要介绍了镨锆黄色料常见的制备方法及其优缺点,并指出矿化剂、烧成制度以及后期加工方式是影响其呈色的主要因素,最后提出了提高镨锆黄色料发色的主要手段。

响应面法优化密蒙花黄色素的快速提取工艺

目的优化密蒙花黄色素的闪式提取工艺。方法以黄色素提取得率为指标,采用响应面设计法对闪式提取过程中的乙醇浓度、提取转速及时间等因素进行优化。结果闪式提取密蒙花黄色素的最佳工艺条件为:固定料液比30 ml/g,调整乙醇浓度46%,提取转速8650 r/min、提取时间104 s。在此条件下,黄色素得率可达69.22±1.4mg/g。结论该方法高效、稳定、可靠,为密蒙花黄色素的深入开发提供了一定依据。

红花黄色素对SCOP诱导小鼠认知功能损伤的保护作用

目的 研究红花黄色素(safflower yellow, SY)对氢溴酸东莨菪碱(scopolamine hydrobromide, SCOP)诱导的记忆障碍模型小鼠学习记忆的作用。方法 6月龄C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为Control组、Model组、SY-H组、SY-M组、SY-L组、石杉碱甲(huperzine-A)组,每组12只。采用SCOP建立记忆障碍模型,通过行为学实验评价记忆障碍模型小鼠的空间学习记忆和认知能力,ELISA试剂盒测定小鼠皮层胆碱能神经系统功能,尼氏染色观察脑组织病理变化情况,Western blot检测各组小鼠脑组织突触可塑性及BDNF/TrkB/CREB通路相关蛋白表达。结果 与Model组相比,各给药组小鼠学习记忆能力提高;海马和皮层神经元排列整齐,细胞形态趋于完整,正常神经元数量升高;皮层胆碱能神经系统功能显著改善,突触可塑性相关蛋白表达量升高,脑组织BDNF/TrkB/CREB信号通路激活。结论 SY能显著改善SCOP诱导的认知障碍小鼠的学习记忆能力,其作用机制可能是通过改善胆碱能神经系统功能,激活BDNF/TrkB/CREB信号通路,调节突触可塑性,改善神经元损伤,进而发挥神经保护作用。