Hematological and Biochemical Profile of Sickle Cell Patients in Critical and Inter-Critical Periods in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is a public health problem in the Republic of Congo where the prevalence of sickle cell trait is estimated at 1.25%. The objective of this study is to describe the variations of hematological and biochemical parameters of hemolysis in sickle cell patients in critical and inter-critical periods. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study including sickle cell patients followed regularly at the National Reference Center for Sickle Cell Disease (CNRDr) from November 2019 to March 2020. A sample of 167 patients (sickle cell subjects in crisis and in steady state as well as control subjects) was randomly selected during the study period. The blood count was performed using a Sysmex-XN 350 automated system and the biochemical parameters were determined using the Cobas e 311 automated system. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 22 software. Results: The study showed that the mean cholesterol level in controls was 4.16 ± 0.77 ul compared with 9.64 ± 4.34 ul in sickle cell crisis subjects. Hb and HCT levels were significantly higher in controls compared with sickle cell subjects in crisis. During crisis, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, triglycerides, LDH, AST, and CRP were significantly elevated. Hematological parameters such as Hb and HCT were elevated in controls, while the mean WBC value and RET were higher in sickle cell patients in steady state. The mean values of the biochemical parameters were higher in sickle cell patients in steady state. Conclusion: Evaluation of the influence of sickle cell trait on biochemical and hematological parameters showed significant differences between sickle cell and control subjects.

A Critical Review of Critical Period Hypothesis in Second Language Acquisition

The researches on Critical Period Hypothesis(CPH) aims to explain the importance of the age factor in the process of learning a second language.In this essay,a critical review of the theoretical issues and empirical research on the CPH will spread out.Meanwhile,the discussion of implication and limitation of the CPH research will be concerned as well.

Establishment of the critical period of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury

BACKGROUND: Since respiratory dysfunction is the main cause of death in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), elucidating the critical period of acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury (APALI) is of important clinical value. This study aimed to define the risk period of APALI by a series of studies including a dynamic analysis of total water content, ultrastructure and number of type II alveolar epithelial cells, and reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) of lung tissue in a mouse model of SAP, and a clinical analysis of APALI patients. METHODS: ICR mice were selected to establish a SAP model. They were given 7 intraperitoneal injections of cerulein (50 mu g/kg body weight) at hourly intervals, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (15 mg/kg body weight). The total water content, ultrastructure, and number of type II alveolar epithelial cells, and ROMs of lung tissue were assessed before (0 hour) and after the establishment of SAP model (6 hours, 12 hours, I day, 4 days, and 7 days). In addition, we analyzed the data from 215 patients with APALI (PaO(2) <60 mmHg) treated at our hospital between January 1998 and December 2006. Statistical analyses were made using the F test. P values less than 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS: The total water content and ultrastructure of type II alveolar epithelial cells (mitochondria and lamellar bodies) of the lung in the SAP mice were significantly altered at 12 hours after the establishment of SAP model, and reached a maximum at I to 4 days. The number of type II alveolar epithelial cells and ROMs increased maximally at I day after the establishment of the model. Furthermore, clinical results showed that lung injury occurred at a mean of 3.1435 +/- 1.0199 days in patients with SAP. These clinical data were almost consistent with the results of the SAP model. CONCLUSION: The risk period for APALI is between the first and fourth day during the course of SAP.

SOLUTIONS TO DISCRETE MULTIPARAMETER PERIODIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS INVOLVING THE p-LAPLACIAN VIA CRITICAL POINT THEORY

In this paper, we consider the existence of three nontrivial solutions for a discrete non-linear multiparameter periodic problem involving the p-Laplacian. By using the similar method for the Dirichlet boundary value problems in [C. Bonanno and P. Candito, Appl. Anal., 88（4） （2009）, pp. 605-616], we construct two new strong maximum principles and obtain that the boundary value problem has three positive solutions for λ and μ in some suitable intervals. The approaches we use are the critical point theory.

Multi-Stage Fluid Charging and Critical Period of Hydrocarbon Accumulation of the Sinian Dengying Formation in Central Sichuan Basin

Objective The natural gas exploration of the Sinian reservoirs in the central Sichuan Basin has made a significant breakthrough in recent years, and has thus attracted much attention among geologists. The Sichuan Basin is known to have complicated geological settings, which has experienced multiple stages of tectonic evolution, fluid charging and hydrocarbon accumulation. This research aims to determine the geochemical characteristics of each stage of fluids, the features and time interval of fluid activity in different geologic periods, and further to restore the critical period and geological age of the hydrocarbon accumulation.

Comprehensive Review on “Critical Period Hypothesis” and the Role of Age in Second Language Learning

The essay makes comprehensive literature review and analysis on various scientific experiments and research about the role of age in second language learning. Moreover, the introduction and analysis of"Critical Period Hypothesis"and its relevant research in second language acquisition has been presented in order to put forward some scientific implications for second lan guage learning and instruciton in the context of China.

A Reflection on the Critical Period Hypothesis in Second Language Learning

This paper reviews the second language (hereafter L2) acquisition hypothesis and theories, examines the Critical Period Hypothesis, and, taking English as an example, briefly discusses the problems confronting Chinese adult L2 learners.

Influence of Selective Edge Removal and Refractory Period in a Self-Organized Critical Neuron Model

A simple model for a set of integrate-and-fire neurons based on the weighted network is introduced. By considering the neurobiological phenomenon in brain development and the difference of the synaptic strength, we construct weighted networks develop with link additions and followed by selective edge removal. The network exhibits the small-world and scale-free properties with high network efficiency. The model displays an avalanche activity on a power-law distribution. We investigate the effect of selective edge removal and the neuron refractory period on the self-organized criticality of the system.

Critical Behavior of the Gaussian Model with Periodic Interactions on Diamond—Type Hierarchical Lattices in External Magnetic Fields

The Gaussian spin model with periodic interactions on the diamond-type hierarchical lattices is constructed by generalizing that with uniform interactions on translationally invariant lattices according to a class of substitution sequences. The Gaussian distribution constants and imposed external magnetic fields are also periodic depending on the periodic characteristic of the interaction bonds. The critical behaviors of this generalized Gaussian model in external magnetic fields are studied by the exact renormalization-group approach and spin rescaling method. The critical points and all the critical exponents are obtained. The critical behaviors are found to be determined by the Gaussian distribution constants and the fractal dimensions of the lattices. When all the Gaussian distribution constants are the same, the dependence of the critical exponents on the dimensions of the lattices is the same as that of the Gaussian model with uniform interactions on translationally invariant lattices.

An Analysis of Critical Period Hypothesis in English Teaching

The Critical Period Hypothesis originated from biology and then was introduced into the field of linguistics. This paper introduces the concept of the Critical Period Hypothesis for language acquisition and some relevant literatures＇ research of Critical Period Hypothesis and English teaching in China as well as analyzing the research situation. From this contrast and analysis, the enlightenment from the Critical Period Hypothesis for language acquisition to English teaching in China is much easier to obtain. This paper determines that the influence of the Critical Period Hypothesis on second language acquisition and foreign language learning is still unclear.

Robinson's Indirect Ways to Support Critical Period Hypothesis

On the Critical Period Hypothesis,Robinson indirectly supported it in his paper Individual Differences,Cognitive Abili ties,Aptitude Complexes and Learning Conditions in Second Language Acquisition.This paper digs out that time-boundedness and different lengths of time are important issues in his frame work,closely related with the critical period of time for language acquisi tion.In conclusion,Robinson’s framework is convincing,with the premise of admitting the existence of the critical period hy pothesis.

Integral Operator Solving Process of the Boundary Value Problem of Abstract Kinetic Equation with the First Kind of Critical Parameter and Generalized Periodic Boundary Conditions

In this paper the concepts of the boundary value problem of abstract kinetic equation with the first kind of critical parameter γ 0 and generalized periodic boundary conditions are introduced in a Lebesgue space which consists of functions with vector valued in a general Banach space, and then describe the solution of these abstract boundary value problem by the abstract linear integral operator of Volterra type. We call this process the integral operator solving process.

On the Critical Period Hypothesis and the Infeasibility of the Primary Schools English Education in China Today

As the world multipolarization and economic globalization are developing,competition in overall national strength is becoming increasingly fierce.Social development requires the students to possess English language ability.More and more people propose that English education be implemented in the primary schools.However,by analyzing the practical situation of English education in China,to the author's opinion,it is infeasible to comprehensively implement English education in China's primary schools.

Implications of Canadian Immersion Education for Bilingual Instruction in Chinese Kindergartens:From the Perspective of Critical Period Hypothesis

Canada is one of the countries with the most developed bilingual education in the world,while China starts bilingual education late.Such program greatly takes the advantage of critical period hypothesis and reveals its effectiveness.Learning from the advanced experience from Canada,this study investigated problems of bilingual education in Chinese kindergartens and offered suggestions correspondingly.Only when there are qualified and professional preschool teachers,suitable teaching materials,specific teaching objectives and methods,cooperation between parents and teachers,can the bilingual immersion education in Chinese kindergartens be fully developed.

Enlightenment of the Critical Period Hypothesis for the Early English Education

Whether children should learn English as early as possible has been a controversial topic, and one of the focal point is the credibility of the critical period hypothesis.Does critical period hypothesis really exist?How does child's age factor influence English acquisition?Analyzing the problems existing in the early English education based on the critical period hypothesis theory, secondly, investigating child's characteristics and psychological characteristics based on a case study.The research results show that learning English is not the sooner the better; the emphasis is how to ensure the quality.We should Specify children's English education market, and providence environment of language acquisition, attach great importance to the interest, and give full play to children in different stages of learning advantage.Parents and society should correctly treat the early English education, reduce misunderstanding and promote the healthy development of children's English education.

Predictive value of initial procalcitonin level in perioperative period of critically ill cancer patients

The predictive value of the initial procalcitonin(PCT)level was explored in the perioperative peniod of citically ill cancer patients.Background:It is quite important to predict infections in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).Cancer surgery is characterized by large trauma,long duration,and wide operation scope;and there are many inflammatory factors in the tumor.Common manifestations of systermic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)。such as fever,elevated white blood cells,and elevated infammatory indicators,frequently occur in patients during the penioperative period as a result of the above factors.These factors are diverse and complex;additionally,advanced cancer and the trauma of major surgery are important factors that influence PCT blood levels.Because all of the aforementioned factors make it dificult to distinguish the postoperative inflammatory response fom the true infection in clinical practice,conventional methods cannot prediet disease sevenity or disease course.Methods:A total of 53 patients with endotracheal intubation admitted to the ICU of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 2020 to May 2020,were retrospectively selected.According to the patient source,35 cases were assigned to ORIG(Operating Room to ICU Group),and 18 cases were assigned to General Ward to ICU group(GWO).At the ICU admission,the patient's age,sex,surgical site of tumor,reason for ICU and other data were recorded to form a database;PCT,B-type natiuretic peptide(BNP),high sensitivity toponin I(hsTni),serumn creatinine(Cr),serum cystatin C(Cys-c)and other laboratory indicators were detected;scores of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)and sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)were marked 24 h after ICU admission;Proportion of Antibiotics,Time Antibiotic Application,and Time Indicators(Ventilator support Time,Endotracheal Intubation Time,ICU Stay Time)were recorded during the period from ICU admission to ICU discharge.Results:APAHCE Ⅱ score and SOFA score increased significantly in the GWIG,compared with the ORIG,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01);the GWIG had a significantly longer Time Antibiotic Application than the ORIG,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01);in tems of blood indicators,the PCT,BNP,and hsTNi levels were elevated in the GWIG compared with the ORIG,and the differences were statistically significant(p<0.01);no statistical differences were found in Cr and Cys-C levels(P>0.05).In terms of time indicators,the Ventilator support Time,Endotracheal Intubation Time,and ICU Stay Time were prolonged in the GWIG compared with the ORIG,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).The PCT level was statistically signifcant(P<0.01)when correlated with the Ventilator Supporting Time and Endotracheal Intubation Time;however,the PCT level was negatively correlated with the ICU Stay Time,with a small r(correlation cofficient)value and no statistical significance(P>0.05)when correlated with the ICU Stay Time.Conclusion:The initial PCT level can predict the disease severity in critically ill cancer patients treated with mechanical ventilation during the perioperative period.

A Study of Age in Second Language Acquisition——Based on the Critical Period Hypothesis

Age is one of the important factors which affects the second language acquisition.Since the critical period hypothesis has already been applied to study second language acquisition,though it was originally proposed to study the first language acquisi⁃tion,it has arisen many controversies.Some researchers home and abroad hold the view that age plays a critical role in learning a second language,while others point out that there is no close relationship between the age and second language acquisition.The au⁃thor will first briefly introduce the research situations about the critical period hypothesis.Then discuss the age’s influences on second language acquisition.At last,give some suggestions and advice on second language teaching and make a conclusion.

新时期文学批评的方法论变革问题研究

在新时期以来文学批评的发展进程中,20世纪80年代出现的方法论变革是一种重要的批评现象。1985年被称为“方法论年”,其形成是由多种力量推动的。其时,文学批评生态被改造,文学批评话语及话语体系有了新的建构。文学批评的方法论变革在根本意义上是新时期之初文学观念、文学批评理念变化的基本体现,它实现了批评方法从一元到多元的深刻变革,彰显出一种时代性的、难能可贵的理论品格,其与那个时代的文化精神协和一致,表现出鲜明的启蒙、主体性等现代性价值诉求。这一变革有力地冲击了当代中国文学批评的传统模式,开启了新时期文学批评创新发展的新篇章,并为当下文学批评理论探索包括文学批评主体性建设、批评话语与话语体系的建构及文学批评学科意识的持续增强等提供了丰富而宝贵的历史经验。

严重下肢缺血患者围手术期的合理用药

严重下肢缺(CLI)血患者常合并多种慢性疾病,血运重建围手术期的药物管理是疾病治疗的重要内容,不合理的多重用药直接影响患者的治疗结局。本研究针对CLI患者围手术期常见的用药问题进行探讨,重点关注围手术期血栓的预防与治疗、基础疾病防治与多重用药管理、镇痛方案制定与调整,以期为临床医师和药师给患者制定个体化用药方案提供参考。

抗战时期中国共产党批评与自我批评优良作风研究

批评与自我批评是党的三大优良作风之一。中国共产党在抗日战争时期十分复杂的斗争环境中,科学把握国内外主要矛盾,始终和人民群众紧密地站在一起,聚焦党的建设突出问题,勇于进行自我革命、推行理论宣传教育、开展思想斗争、不断进行党员队伍净化,形成批评与自我批评的作风,确保党组织的先进性,为抗战胜利奠定了坚实基础。探究抗战时期批评与自我批评形成的历史实践,对于我们在新时代新征程上借鉴历史经验,汲取历史智慧,把握历史主动,推动中华民族伟大复兴有积极作用。