Two field experiments were carried out at Akure (7oN, 5o101E) in the rainforest zone of Nigeria in 2006 and 2007 to determine the effectiveness of neem leaf, woodash and modified neem leaf extracts as fertilizer sourc...Two field experiments were carried out at Akure (7oN, 5o101E) in the rainforest zone of Nigeria in 2006 and 2007 to determine the effectiveness of neem leaf, woodash and modified neem leaf extracts as fertilizer sources in improving soil fertility, growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L) and watermelon (Citrulus lanatus) sole and intercrop. There were six treatments namely, poultry manure, neem leaf extract (sole), woodash extract, modified neem leaf (neem leaf + woodash), NPK 15-15-15 and a control (no fertilizer nor extract), replicated three times and arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCB). The extracts (neem leaf, wood ash and modified neem leaf) were applied at 1200 litres per hectare each, NPK 15-15-15 at 300 kg/ha and poultry was applied at 6t/ha. The results showed that there were significant increases (P 2O), K, Ca, Mg, Na, O.M, P and N compared to NPK 15-15-15 and neem leaf extract. For instance, modified neem leaf extract increased soil pH (H2O), K, Ca, Mg, Na, O.M, P and N by 12.4%, 32.8%, 25%, 23.7%, 19.32%, 17.24% and 20% respectively compared to neem leaf extract under intercrop plot. The high soil K/Ca, K/Mg and P/Mg ratios in the NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment led to an imbalance in the supply of P, K, Ca and Mg nutrients to maize and watermelon crops. The least values for growth, yield and soil parameters were recorded under the control treatment. In these experiments, modified neem leaf extract (woodash + neem leaf extracts) applied at 1200 litres/ha was the most effective in improving soil fertility, growth and yield of maize and watermelon (sole and intercrop) and could substitute for 6 tons per hectare of poultry manure and 300kg/ha of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer.展开更多
In 2010, a foliar and stem-lesion disease that produced moderate to severe defoliation of watermelon was observed in the southern Great Plains. The disease was ultimately determined to be caused by Myrothecium roridum...In 2010, a foliar and stem-lesion disease that produced moderate to severe defoliation of watermelon was observed in the southern Great Plains. The disease was ultimately determined to be caused by Myrothecium roridum. The objective of this study was to compare the susceptibility of the vegetation and fruit of a broad range of commercially important cucurbits to three isolates obtained from these foliar lesions on watermelon. In greenhouse foliar inoculation experiments, cantaloupe, honeydew, cucumber, squash, and watermelon were susceptible to the fungus with cantaloupe and honeydew being the most susceptible and watermelon the most resistant. Furthermore, greenhouse inoculations supported earlier field observations as differential resistance was exhibited among the watermelon cultivars as well as the cucurbit types. All tested cucurbit fruit exhibited interior lesions when inoculated sub-epidermally with M. roridum isolates. However, natural infection of watermelon and pumpkin fruit has never been reported.展开更多
考虑土壤、水分、养分、温度和光照等因素综合作用对压砂地西瓜生长发育和叶面积指数的影响,建立压砂地西瓜生长发育动态模型和叶面积指数发育模型。于2006年和2009年进行田间和桶栽试验,分别用生理发育时间法和Logistic方程建立压砂地...考虑土壤、水分、养分、温度和光照等因素综合作用对压砂地西瓜生长发育和叶面积指数的影响,建立压砂地西瓜生长发育动态模型和叶面积指数发育模型。于2006年和2009年进行田间和桶栽试验,分别用生理发育时间法和Logistic方程建立压砂地西瓜生长发育阶段和叶面积指数模型,并对模型进行了检验。结果表明:1)压砂地西瓜生长发育阶段模型相对均方根误差(normalized root mean square of error,n RMSE)5.4%和9.6%(小于10%),相关系数r接近1;2)叶面积指数模型干旱年模拟n RMSE为2.3%,r为0.98;平水年模拟n RMSE为2.2%,r为0.98;丰水年模拟n RMSE为0.34%,r为0.98。可见,建立的模型能够准确模拟西瓜发育动态及叶面积指数动态变化。研究可为生产实践和科学研究提供参考。展开更多
文摘Two field experiments were carried out at Akure (7oN, 5o101E) in the rainforest zone of Nigeria in 2006 and 2007 to determine the effectiveness of neem leaf, woodash and modified neem leaf extracts as fertilizer sources in improving soil fertility, growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L) and watermelon (Citrulus lanatus) sole and intercrop. There were six treatments namely, poultry manure, neem leaf extract (sole), woodash extract, modified neem leaf (neem leaf + woodash), NPK 15-15-15 and a control (no fertilizer nor extract), replicated three times and arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCB). The extracts (neem leaf, wood ash and modified neem leaf) were applied at 1200 litres per hectare each, NPK 15-15-15 at 300 kg/ha and poultry was applied at 6t/ha. The results showed that there were significant increases (P 2O), K, Ca, Mg, Na, O.M, P and N compared to NPK 15-15-15 and neem leaf extract. For instance, modified neem leaf extract increased soil pH (H2O), K, Ca, Mg, Na, O.M, P and N by 12.4%, 32.8%, 25%, 23.7%, 19.32%, 17.24% and 20% respectively compared to neem leaf extract under intercrop plot. The high soil K/Ca, K/Mg and P/Mg ratios in the NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment led to an imbalance in the supply of P, K, Ca and Mg nutrients to maize and watermelon crops. The least values for growth, yield and soil parameters were recorded under the control treatment. In these experiments, modified neem leaf extract (woodash + neem leaf extracts) applied at 1200 litres/ha was the most effective in improving soil fertility, growth and yield of maize and watermelon (sole and intercrop) and could substitute for 6 tons per hectare of poultry manure and 300kg/ha of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer.
文摘In 2010, a foliar and stem-lesion disease that produced moderate to severe defoliation of watermelon was observed in the southern Great Plains. The disease was ultimately determined to be caused by Myrothecium roridum. The objective of this study was to compare the susceptibility of the vegetation and fruit of a broad range of commercially important cucurbits to three isolates obtained from these foliar lesions on watermelon. In greenhouse foliar inoculation experiments, cantaloupe, honeydew, cucumber, squash, and watermelon were susceptible to the fungus with cantaloupe and honeydew being the most susceptible and watermelon the most resistant. Furthermore, greenhouse inoculations supported earlier field observations as differential resistance was exhibited among the watermelon cultivars as well as the cucurbit types. All tested cucurbit fruit exhibited interior lesions when inoculated sub-epidermally with M. roridum isolates. However, natural infection of watermelon and pumpkin fruit has never been reported.
文摘考虑土壤、水分、养分、温度和光照等因素综合作用对压砂地西瓜生长发育和叶面积指数的影响,建立压砂地西瓜生长发育动态模型和叶面积指数发育模型。于2006年和2009年进行田间和桶栽试验,分别用生理发育时间法和Logistic方程建立压砂地西瓜生长发育阶段和叶面积指数模型,并对模型进行了检验。结果表明:1)压砂地西瓜生长发育阶段模型相对均方根误差(normalized root mean square of error,n RMSE)5.4%和9.6%(小于10%),相关系数r接近1;2)叶面积指数模型干旱年模拟n RMSE为2.3%,r为0.98;平水年模拟n RMSE为2.2%,r为0.98;丰水年模拟n RMSE为0.34%,r为0.98。可见,建立的模型能够准确模拟西瓜发育动态及叶面积指数动态变化。研究可为生产实践和科学研究提供参考。
