The extraction of water bodies is essential for monitoring water resources,ecosystem services and the hydrological cycle,so analyzing water bodies from remote sensing images is necessary.The water index is designed to...The extraction of water bodies is essential for monitoring water resources,ecosystem services and the hydrological cycle,so analyzing water bodies from remote sensing images is necessary.The water index is designed to highlight water bodies in remote sensing images.We employ a new water index and digital image processing technology to extract water bodies automatically and accurately from Landsat 8 OLI images.Firstly,we preprocess Landsat 8 OLI images with radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction.Subsequently,we apply KT transformation,LBV transformation,AWEI nsh,and HIS transformation to the preprocessed image to calculate a new water index.Then,we perform linear feature enhancement and improve the local adaptive threshold segmentation method to extract small water bodies accurately.Meanwhile,we employ morphological enhancement and improve the local adaptive threshold segmentation method to extract large water bodies.Finally,we combine small and large water bodies to get complete water bodies.Compared with other traditional methods,our method has apparent advantages in water extraction,particularly in the extraction of small water bodies.展开更多
Water scarcity in arid regions poses significant challenges to sustainable development and human well-being. This article explores both existing and innovative technologies and methods to produce large amounts of wate...Water scarcity in arid regions poses significant challenges to sustainable development and human well-being. This article explores both existing and innovative technologies and methods to produce large amounts of water to address these challenges effectively. Key approaches include atmospheric water generation, advanced desalination techniques, innovative water collection methods such as fog nets and dew harvesting, geothermal water extraction, and water recycling and reuse. Each method is evaluated for its feasibility with existing technology, potential time of implementation, required investments, and specific challenges. By leveraging these technologies and combining them into a multifaceted water management strategy, it is possible to enhance water security, support agricultural and industrial activities, and improve living conditions in arid regions. Collaborative efforts between governments, private sector entities, and research institutions are crucial to advancing these technologies and ensuring their sustainable implementation. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of these technologies, their potential for large-scale application, and recommendations for future research and development.展开更多
To establish an analytical method for determination of four bisphenols (BPA, BPB, BPF, and BPS) and two alkylphenols (4-n-OP, 4-n-NP) in water by ultra performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry ...To establish an analytical method for determination of four bisphenols (BPA, BPB, BPF, and BPS) and two alkylphenols (4-n-OP, 4-n-NP) in water by ultra performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS). The water samples were extracted and condensed with solid-phase extraction (SPE) using C18 cartridges and eluted by acetonitrile. Separation was carried out with Acquity BEH C8 column and detection were performed by UPLC/MS/MS. Quantification was calculated by using the internal standard BPA-d16 and 4-n-NP-d8. The linear correlation coefficients of these compounds in the range of 1.0-100.0μg/L were all over 0.999. The minimum detectable concentrations were 0.75-1.0 ng/L, and the recoveries ranged from 87.0% to 106.9%.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the optimal process conditions for hot water extraction of polysaccharides from Yingshan cloud tea. [Methods] Based on single factor experiments, with the extraction ra...[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the optimal process conditions for hot water extraction of polysaccharides from Yingshan cloud tea. [Methods] Based on single factor experiments, with the extraction rate of polysaccharides as the response value and liquid-to-solid ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time as investigation factors, the optimum extraction process for tea polysaccharides from Yingshan cloud tea was determined by Box-Behnken central componse design and response surface analysis method. [Results] Under the conditions of the liquid-to-solid ratio of 50∶1(ml/g), the extraction temperature at 94 ℃ and the extraction time of 210 min, the extraction rate of polysaccharides from Yingshan cloud tea reached 2.16%. [Conclusions] This study will provide theoretical basis and reference for subsequent related research.展开更多
[ Objective] The differences in effective components contents of Lysimachia clethroides Duby were compared using three extraction methods. [ Method] L. clethroides was extracted by three methods, including water extra...[ Objective] The differences in effective components contents of Lysimachia clethroides Duby were compared using three extraction methods. [ Method] L. clethroides was extracted by three methods, including water extraction, water extraction-alcohol precipitation and 75% ethanol extraction, to determine the effec- tive components of extracts, and contents of calcium, phosphorus and Vc were calculated. [ Result] L. clezhreides contained calcium salt, chlorine, VB1, VB2, Vc and phosphate, but did not contain citrate, sulfate, carbonate or bicarbonate, acetate, lactate, VA , VD and Vs ; the contents of calcium and phosphorus in water extract were 150 and 3.34 mg/g, respectively, greatly exceeding their contents in water extraction-alcohol precipitation and ethanol extraction, while the difference in Vc content was not significant. [ CondusionJ The paper provides a reference for practical application of L. clethroides as an additive.展开更多
Objective:To optimize the technological conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu polysaccharides and increase the yield of polysaccharides.Methods:The polysaccharide was prepared by ...Objective:To optimize the technological conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu polysaccharides and increase the yield of polysaccharides.Methods:The polysaccharide was prepared by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method,and the yield of polysaccharide was taken as an index.The effects of ultrasonic time,extraction times,ultrasonic temperature,and water-to-material ratio on polysaccharide yield were investigated through a single factor experiment.Combined experimental design and response surface analysis were used to optimize the extraction process of Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu polysaccharides.Results:The optimum conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction were determined as follows:extraction time of 29 min,three extraction times,water bath extraction temperature of 68℃,water-to-material ratio of 15:1;under these conditions,the polysaccharide yield was 10.69%.Conclusion:The results are close to the predicted values of the model.This optimization test is effective and feasible,and provides a reference for the related research of Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu.展开更多
Four peptides PSPP1,PSPP2,PSPP3 and PSPP4 were purified from the water-extract of Papaver somniferum pollen.Their sequences,with 21,17,13 and 16 amino acid residues respectively,have been determined by Edman degradati...Four peptides PSPP1,PSPP2,PSPP3 and PSPP4 were purified from the water-extract of Papaver somniferum pollen.Their sequences,with 21,17,13 and 16 amino acid residues respectively,have been determined by Edman degradation-N-terminal dansylation.PSPP2, PSPP3 and PSPP4 were synthesized using solid phase method.The immunopromotive activities of PSPP1,PSPP2,PSPP3,PSPP4 and the initially separated sample PSPP have been also observed by the methods of counting erythrocyte rosette forming cells(ERFC) and T-lymphocyte transformation test in vitro.展开更多
There are a large number of lakes,rivers,and other natural water bodies distributed in the permafrost area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).The changes in water bodies will affect the distribution of water resources ...There are a large number of lakes,rivers,and other natural water bodies distributed in the permafrost area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).The changes in water bodies will affect the distribution of water resources in sur-rounding areas and downstream areas,resulting in environmental impact and bringing potential flood disasters,which will induce more serious issues and problems in alpine and high-altitude areas with a fragile habitat(such as the QTP in China).Generally,effective,reasonable,and scientific monitoring of large-scale water bodies can not only document the changes in water bodies intuitively,but also provide important theoretical reference for subsequent environmental impact prediction,and disaster prevention and mitigation in due course of time.The large-scale water extraction technology derived from the optical remote sensing(RS)image is seriously affected by clouds,bringing about large differences among the extracted water result products.Synthetic aperture radar(SAR)RS technology has the unique advantage characteristics of all-weather,all-day,strong penetration,and not being affected by clouds,which is hopeful in extracting water body data,especially for days with cloudy weather.The data extraction of large-scale water bodies based on SAR images can effectively avoid the errors caused by clouds that become prevalent at present.In this paper,the Hoh Xil Salt Lake on the QTP and its surrounding five lakes are taken as the research objects.The 2-scene Sentinel-1 SAR image data covering the whole area on 22 August 2022 was used to verify the feasibility of extracting water body data in permafrost zones.Furthermore,on 22 August 2022,the wealth here was cloudy,which made the optical RS images,e.g.,Sentinel-2 images full of clouds.The results show that:using the Sentinel-1 image and threshold segmentation method to extract water body data is efficient and effective with excellent results in permafrost areas.Concretely,the Sentinel-1 dual-polarized water index(SDWI),calculated by combining dual vertical–vertical(VV)polarized and verti-cal–horizontal(VH)polarized data is a useful index for water extraction and the result is better than each of the VV or VH polarized images.展开更多
Ustiloxins are vital cyclopeptide mycotoxins originally isolated from rice false smut balls that form in rice spikelets infected by the fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens.The toxicity of the water extract of rice f...Ustiloxins are vital cyclopeptide mycotoxins originally isolated from rice false smut balls that form in rice spikelets infected by the fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens.The toxicity of the water extract of rice false smut balls(RBWE) remains to be investigated.Studies have shown that RBWE may be toxic to animals,but toxicological evidence is still lacking.In this study,we found that the IC50 values of RBWE to BNL CL.2 cells at 24 and 48 h were 40.02 and 30.11 μg/m L,respectively,with positive correlations with dose toxicity and time toxicity.After treatment with RBWE,the number of BNL CL.2 cells decreased significantly,and the morphology of BNL CL.2 cells showed atrophy and wall detachment.RBWE induced DNA presynthesis phase arrest of BNL CL.2 cells,increased the proportion of apoptotic cells and inhibited cell proliferation.RBWE up-regulated reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels and lowered mitochondrial membrane potentials.Additionally,Western blot and q RT-PCR results suggested that RBWE exerted the above effects by promoting the Nrf2/HO-1 and caspase-induced apoptosis pathways in vitro and in vivo.The contents of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,and total bile acids in the serum of mice from Institute of Cancer were significantly up-regulated by RBWE.At the same time,RBWE can lead to increases in ROS and malondialdehyde contents,decreases in contents of oxidized glutathione,glutathione and reduced glutathione,as well as decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in mouse liver tissues,demonstrating that oxidative stress occurred in mice.Moreover,liver damage was further detected by haematoxylin-eosin staining and electron microscopy to verify the damage to the mice caused by RBWE.In general,RBWE may cause hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro via the apoptosis pathway,which provides a reference for hepatotoxicity and its mechanism of action.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of propolis extract on HeLa cells to provide theoretical guidance for facilitating clinical treatment.[Methods]The effects of propolis on inflammation,and proliferation were anal...[Objectives]To investigate the effects of propolis extract on HeLa cells to provide theoretical guidance for facilitating clinical treatment.[Methods]The effects of propolis on inflammation,and proliferation were analyzed based on the levels of DNA transcriptional regulation and mRNA and protein expression levels.[Results]Propolis water extract(PWE)could inhibit the cell proliferation and production of DNA damage in a dosedependent manner.Moreover,the propolis water extract could significantly downregulate the expression of iNOS-Luc,PTGS-2-Luc,and IL-8-Luc,and that it was related to the expression of the NF-κB family protein.After the induction of HeLa cells by propolis,the expression of the cell cycle inhibitor gene p21 was increased,while that of the cell proliferation gene Ki67 was decreased.[Conclusions]Propolis water extract could significantly inhibit the cell proliferation and production of DNA damage,suggesting propolis as a potential candidate for the development of adjunctive therapy against cervical cancer.展开更多
Sustainable weed management strategies are essential to reduce chemical and labor inputs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of water extracts from sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck] on seed germination ...Sustainable weed management strategies are essential to reduce chemical and labor inputs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of water extracts from sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck] on seed germination of Ageratum conyzoides L. under controlled conditions. The aqueous was produced from plant parts i.e., roots, stems, and leaves of sweet potato at concentrations of 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 g·mL<sup>-1</sup>. The results showed that the plant parts of sweet potato all contained allelopathic substances, which showed high-concentration inhibition and low-concentration promotion of seed germination of A. conyzoides. When the aqueous extract concentrations were 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 g·mL<sup>-1</sup>, the germination of A. conyzoides seeds was inhibited, while the germination was promoted at a concentration of 0.025 g·mL<sup>-1</sup>. This shows that when the planting density of sweet potato is large, it can form an obvious prevention and control effect on A. conyzoides, and thus improve herbicide resistance management.展开更多
[Objective] Taking silkworm (Bombyx mori) as the test material, the research aimed to study the toxicity effects of Euphorbiafischeriana Steud. against the insects in Lepidoptera. [ Methods ] Water extract was prepa...[Objective] Taking silkworm (Bombyx mori) as the test material, the research aimed to study the toxicity effects of Euphorbiafischeriana Steud. against the insects in Lepidoptera. [ Methods ] Water extract was prepared with fresh perennial E. fischer/ana Steud. , which was applied in silkworm with different methods including daubing the extract on silkworm back, soaking silkworm in the extract and feeding silkworm with the mulberry leaves daubed by the extract. [ Re- suits] Those silkworms whose backs were daubed with the water extract had no obvious poisoning symptom. The silkworms soaked for 1 and 3 min could be survived for about 7 d; the silkworms soaked for 5 min could be survived for about 2 d; and the silkworms soaked for 15 rain could be survived for 10 h at most. Those silk- worms fed with mulberry leaves daubed by water extract completely died after 2 d. [ Conduslons ] The water extract of E. fischer/ana Steud. had significant contact toxicity and stomach poisoning against silkworm.展开更多
Water erosion is the major reason for the loss of soil organic carbon in the Northeast China, which leads to the soil quality deterioration and adjacent water pollution. In this study, the effect of extraction tempera...Water erosion is the major reason for the loss of soil organic carbon in the Northeast China, which leads to the soil quality deterioration and adjacent water pollution. In this study, the effect of extraction temperature, pH value, and salt on the water extractable organic matter (WEOM) was determined by means of the UV absorbance, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix, and derived fluorescence indexes. In general, the carbon content and aromaticity of WEOM increased with the increasing of extraction temperature, with the exception that there was no significant difference in the amount at 0 and 20℃. More fluorophores, especially microbially-derived organic matter were extracted at high temperature. The pH values of extractant, including 5, 7, and 10, showed no effect on the carbon amount of WEOM, whereas the aromaticity and microbially-derived component gradually increased with the increasing of pH values. The fluorescence intensity of humic acid-like fluorophore was stronger in neutral and alkali condition than that in acidic condition. The addition of 10 mmol L-1 CaCl2 significantly decreased the carbon amount of recovered WEOM. Moreover, it significantly decreased the aromaticity of WEOM and the quantity of fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like fluorophores, whereas increased the percentage of tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like fluorophores in the total fluorophores and the amount of microbially-derived organic matter. Generally, 10 mmol L-1 KCl showed the same influence trend, but with low influence degree.展开更多
Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is considered the most mobile and reactive soil carbon source and its characterization is an important issue for soil ecology study. A biodegradability test was set up to study WS...Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is considered the most mobile and reactive soil carbon source and its characterization is an important issue for soil ecology study. A biodegradability test was set up to study WSOC extracted from 7 soils differently managed. WSOC was extracted from soil with water (soil/water ratio of 1:2, W/V) for 30 min, and then tested for biodegradability by a liquid state respirometric test. Result obtained confirmed the finding that WSOC biodegradability depended on the both land use and management practice. These results suggested the biodegradability test as suitable method to characterize WSOC, and provided useful information to soil fertility.展开更多
Inland lakes are important water resources in arid and semiarid regions. Understanding climate effects on these lakes is critical to accurately evaluate the dynamic changes of water resources. This study focused on th...Inland lakes are important water resources in arid and semiarid regions. Understanding climate effects on these lakes is critical to accurately evaluate the dynamic changes of water resources. This study focused on the changes in Sayram Lake of Xinjiang, China, and addressed the effects of climate fluctuations on the inland lake based on long-term sequenced remote sensing images and meteorological data from the past 40 years. A geo- graphic information system (GIS) method was used to obtain the hypsometry of the basin area of Sayram Lake, and estimation methods for evaporation from rising temperature and water levels from increasing precipitation were proposed. Results showed that: (1)Areal values of Sayram Lake have increased over the past 40 years. (2) Both temperature and precipitation have increased with average increases of more than 1.8~C and 82 mm, respectively. Variation of the water levels in the lake was consistent with local climate changes, and the areal values show linear relationships with local temperature and precipitation data. (3) According to the hypsometry data of the basin area, the estimated lake water levels increased by 2.8 m, and the water volume increased by 12.9×108 m3 over the past 40 years. The increasing area of Sayram Lake correlated with local and regional climatic changes because it is hardly affected by human activities.展开更多
Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) play an essential role in development and tissue remodeling of living organisms. However, the overexpression of MMPs has lead to a series of diseases, such as cancer, arthritis, and a...Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) play an essential role in development and tissue remodeling of living organisms. However, the overexpression of MMPs has lead to a series of diseases, such as cancer, arthritis, and atherosclerosis; and inhibition of MMPs may have therapeutic benefits. The discovery of MMP inhibitors from herbal has become a prospective event. We showed that the extract of Polygoni multiflori caulis from ethyl acetate or water(ethyl acetate extract and water extract) can inhibit the activities of MMPs 9, 14, and 16 in a dose-dependent manner and n-butyl alcohol extract of it can also inhibit these MMPs. Furthermore, we found that n-butyl alcohol extract and water extract of it influence the cell viability. These discoveries may contribute to the development of MMP in- hibitors for the therapy of a variety of pathological conditions.展开更多
[Objectives] The aim of this work was to compare the inhibitory effects of different water-soluble extracts of ginseng on hydroxyl radical. [Methods]The water-soluble effective parts of ginseng were extracted by ortho...[Objectives] The aim of this work was to compare the inhibitory effects of different water-soluble extracts of ginseng on hydroxyl radical. [Methods]The water-soluble effective parts of ginseng were extracted by orthogonal test,the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of each extract was determined by salicylic acid method,and the extraction process of the optimum hydroxyl radical inhibitor was optimized using variance analysis and cluster analysis. [Results] A total of 16 samples were prepared. Among them,the sample No. 12 had the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging rate,and the inhibition rate reached 105. 08% at the concentration of 1 g/L. [Conclusions] Ginseng water extract contained hydroxyl radical scavenger,of which the optimum extraction process was as follows: p H of 8,solid to liquid ratio of 1∶ 10,extraction temperature of 4℃,extraction time of 12 h and extraction times of 3.展开更多
Rehmannia has been shown to be clinically effective in treating neurodegenerative diseases; however, the neuroprotective mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a model of neurodegenerative disease us...Rehmannia has been shown to be clinically effective in treating neurodegenerative diseases; however, the neuroprotective mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a model of neurodegenerative disease using PC12 cytotoxic injury induced by glutamate. The cells were treated with 20 mM glutamate in the absence or presence of water extracts of dried Rehmannia root of varying concentrations(70%, 50% and 30%). The different concentrations of Rehmannia water extract significantly increased the activity of glutamate-injured cells, reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase, inhibited apoptosis, increased the concentrations of NADH, NAD and ATP in cells, ameliorated mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced the levels of light chain 3. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Rehmannia water extracts exert a cytoprotective effect against glutamate-induced PC12 cell injury via energy metabolism-related pathways.展开更多
Background:To study the anti-inflammatory,analgesic,fatigue resistant and antihypoxia effects of ethanol extract and water extract of pine pollen.Methods:Two different extracts of pine pollen were prepared into there ...Background:To study the anti-inflammatory,analgesic,fatigue resistant and antihypoxia effects of ethanol extract and water extract of pine pollen.Methods:Two different extracts of pine pollen were prepared into there different concentrations,that is 1.5 mg·mL^-1,4.5 mg·mL^-1 and 7.5 mg·mL^-1 respectively.The extract were studied by xylene-induced ear swelling,acetic acid distortion test and hot plate test.The antihypoxia and antifatigue effects were explored by weight-bearing swimming experiment,routine pressure hypoxia tolerance experiment and liver weight coefficient comparison.Results:Through the study of the four pharmacological effects of ethanol extract and water extract,we found that the anti-inflammatory,analgesic,antithyposia and antifatigue effects of ethanol extract were better than that of water extract.Moreover,the experimental effects significantly improved with the increase of the concentration,and the effect of alcohol increased dose group was accurate(P<0.05).Conclusion:Pine pollen has excellent effects of anti-inflammatory,analgesic,antihypoxia and anti-fatigue.Besides,with the increase of drug concentration,effects tend to be more obvious with positive correlation.展开更多
The allelopathic potential of Rhus chinensis Mill on seedling growth of radish(Raphanus sativus L.),semen cassiae(seed of Cassia obtusifolia L.) and black soyabean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was investigated under ...The allelopathic potential of Rhus chinensis Mill on seedling growth of radish(Raphanus sativus L.),semen cassiae(seed of Cassia obtusifolia L.) and black soyabean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was investigated under laboratory conditions.The water extracts of seed,leaf and bark of R.chinensis inhibited the germination and the growth of roots and shoots of radish,semen cassiae,and black soyabean.Significant increasing reductions in the germination and growth of roots and shoots were observed as the concentration of water extract increased in all bioassays.The order of allelopathic potentials of the three parts from R.chinensis plant on seed germination of these receptors was leaf [ seed [ bark.However,the inhibition of water extracts from R.chinensis seed on root activity of semen cassiae was more severe than from the other two parts.The allelopathic potential on the germination of radish was higher than that of black soyabean and semen cassiae.The integrated effect index for allelopathic potential of water extracts of leaf of R.chinensis on radish,semen cassiae and black soyabean seedling growth were-0.88,-0.93 and-0.98 respectively.The results suggested that it is important to minimize the negative allelopathic potential of R.chinensis in agroforestry systems,and to exploit this traditional Chinese medicinal tree for the production of natural bio-pesticides.展开更多
基金Auhui Provincial Key Research and Development Project(No.202004a07020050)National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Program(No.61901006)。
文摘The extraction of water bodies is essential for monitoring water resources,ecosystem services and the hydrological cycle,so analyzing water bodies from remote sensing images is necessary.The water index is designed to highlight water bodies in remote sensing images.We employ a new water index and digital image processing technology to extract water bodies automatically and accurately from Landsat 8 OLI images.Firstly,we preprocess Landsat 8 OLI images with radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction.Subsequently,we apply KT transformation,LBV transformation,AWEI nsh,and HIS transformation to the preprocessed image to calculate a new water index.Then,we perform linear feature enhancement and improve the local adaptive threshold segmentation method to extract small water bodies accurately.Meanwhile,we employ morphological enhancement and improve the local adaptive threshold segmentation method to extract large water bodies.Finally,we combine small and large water bodies to get complete water bodies.Compared with other traditional methods,our method has apparent advantages in water extraction,particularly in the extraction of small water bodies.
文摘Water scarcity in arid regions poses significant challenges to sustainable development and human well-being. This article explores both existing and innovative technologies and methods to produce large amounts of water to address these challenges effectively. Key approaches include atmospheric water generation, advanced desalination techniques, innovative water collection methods such as fog nets and dew harvesting, geothermal water extraction, and water recycling and reuse. Each method is evaluated for its feasibility with existing technology, potential time of implementation, required investments, and specific challenges. By leveraging these technologies and combining them into a multifaceted water management strategy, it is possible to enhance water security, support agricultural and industrial activities, and improve living conditions in arid regions. Collaborative efforts between governments, private sector entities, and research institutions are crucial to advancing these technologies and ensuring their sustainable implementation. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of these technologies, their potential for large-scale application, and recommendations for future research and development.
基金supported by the Preventive medicine and public health research project of Anhui,China(No.2011Y0103)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui,China(No.11040606M216)
文摘To establish an analytical method for determination of four bisphenols (BPA, BPB, BPF, and BPS) and two alkylphenols (4-n-OP, 4-n-NP) in water by ultra performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS). The water samples were extracted and condensed with solid-phase extraction (SPE) using C18 cartridges and eluted by acetonitrile. Separation was carried out with Acquity BEH C8 column and detection were performed by UPLC/MS/MS. Quantification was calculated by using the internal standard BPA-d16 and 4-n-NP-d8. The linear correlation coefficients of these compounds in the range of 1.0-100.0μg/L were all over 0.999. The minimum detectable concentrations were 0.75-1.0 ng/L, and the recoveries ranged from 87.0% to 106.9%.
基金Supported by High-grade Cultivation Program of Huanggang Normal University(201816703)
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the optimal process conditions for hot water extraction of polysaccharides from Yingshan cloud tea. [Methods] Based on single factor experiments, with the extraction rate of polysaccharides as the response value and liquid-to-solid ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time as investigation factors, the optimum extraction process for tea polysaccharides from Yingshan cloud tea was determined by Box-Behnken central componse design and response surface analysis method. [Results] Under the conditions of the liquid-to-solid ratio of 50∶1(ml/g), the extraction temperature at 94 ℃ and the extraction time of 210 min, the extraction rate of polysaccharides from Yingshan cloud tea reached 2.16%. [Conclusions] This study will provide theoretical basis and reference for subsequent related research.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2014CQ012)
文摘[ Objective] The differences in effective components contents of Lysimachia clethroides Duby were compared using three extraction methods. [ Method] L. clethroides was extracted by three methods, including water extraction, water extraction-alcohol precipitation and 75% ethanol extraction, to determine the effec- tive components of extracts, and contents of calcium, phosphorus and Vc were calculated. [ Result] L. clezhreides contained calcium salt, chlorine, VB1, VB2, Vc and phosphate, but did not contain citrate, sulfate, carbonate or bicarbonate, acetate, lactate, VA , VD and Vs ; the contents of calcium and phosphorus in water extract were 150 and 3.34 mg/g, respectively, greatly exceeding their contents in water extraction-alcohol precipitation and ethanol extraction, while the difference in Vc content was not significant. [ CondusionJ The paper provides a reference for practical application of L. clethroides as an additive.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81660649)Hainan Medical College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(No.201811810007)。
文摘Objective:To optimize the technological conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu polysaccharides and increase the yield of polysaccharides.Methods:The polysaccharide was prepared by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method,and the yield of polysaccharide was taken as an index.The effects of ultrasonic time,extraction times,ultrasonic temperature,and water-to-material ratio on polysaccharide yield were investigated through a single factor experiment.Combined experimental design and response surface analysis were used to optimize the extraction process of Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu polysaccharides.Results:The optimum conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction were determined as follows:extraction time of 29 min,three extraction times,water bath extraction temperature of 68℃,water-to-material ratio of 15:1;under these conditions,the polysaccharide yield was 10.69%.Conclusion:The results are close to the predicted values of the model.This optimization test is effective and feasible,and provides a reference for the related research of Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu.
文摘Four peptides PSPP1,PSPP2,PSPP3 and PSPP4 were purified from the water-extract of Papaver somniferum pollen.Their sequences,with 21,17,13 and 16 amino acid residues respectively,have been determined by Edman degradation-N-terminal dansylation.PSPP2, PSPP3 and PSPP4 were synthesized using solid phase method.The immunopromotive activities of PSPP1,PSPP2,PSPP3,PSPP4 and the initially separated sample PSPP have been also observed by the methods of counting erythrocyte rosette forming cells(ERFC) and T-lymphocyte transformation test in vitro.
基金funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program,grant number 2019QZKK0905the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 42272339,42201162,42101121the Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering,grant number SKLFSE-ZQ-58,SKLFSE-ZT-202203,SKLFSE-ZY-20.
文摘There are a large number of lakes,rivers,and other natural water bodies distributed in the permafrost area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).The changes in water bodies will affect the distribution of water resources in sur-rounding areas and downstream areas,resulting in environmental impact and bringing potential flood disasters,which will induce more serious issues and problems in alpine and high-altitude areas with a fragile habitat(such as the QTP in China).Generally,effective,reasonable,and scientific monitoring of large-scale water bodies can not only document the changes in water bodies intuitively,but also provide important theoretical reference for subsequent environmental impact prediction,and disaster prevention and mitigation in due course of time.The large-scale water extraction technology derived from the optical remote sensing(RS)image is seriously affected by clouds,bringing about large differences among the extracted water result products.Synthetic aperture radar(SAR)RS technology has the unique advantage characteristics of all-weather,all-day,strong penetration,and not being affected by clouds,which is hopeful in extracting water body data,especially for days with cloudy weather.The data extraction of large-scale water bodies based on SAR images can effectively avoid the errors caused by clouds that become prevalent at present.In this paper,the Hoh Xil Salt Lake on the QTP and its surrounding five lakes are taken as the research objects.The 2-scene Sentinel-1 SAR image data covering the whole area on 22 August 2022 was used to verify the feasibility of extracting water body data in permafrost zones.Furthermore,on 22 August 2022,the wealth here was cloudy,which made the optical RS images,e.g.,Sentinel-2 images full of clouds.The results show that:using the Sentinel-1 image and threshold segmentation method to extract water body data is efficient and effective with excellent results in permafrost areas.Concretely,the Sentinel-1 dual-polarized water index(SDWI),calculated by combining dual vertical–vertical(VV)polarized and verti-cal–horizontal(VH)polarized data is a useful index for water extraction and the result is better than each of the VV or VH polarized images.
基金funded by the Education Department of Zhejiang Province Foundation of China(Grant No.Y202249221)。
文摘Ustiloxins are vital cyclopeptide mycotoxins originally isolated from rice false smut balls that form in rice spikelets infected by the fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens.The toxicity of the water extract of rice false smut balls(RBWE) remains to be investigated.Studies have shown that RBWE may be toxic to animals,but toxicological evidence is still lacking.In this study,we found that the IC50 values of RBWE to BNL CL.2 cells at 24 and 48 h were 40.02 and 30.11 μg/m L,respectively,with positive correlations with dose toxicity and time toxicity.After treatment with RBWE,the number of BNL CL.2 cells decreased significantly,and the morphology of BNL CL.2 cells showed atrophy and wall detachment.RBWE induced DNA presynthesis phase arrest of BNL CL.2 cells,increased the proportion of apoptotic cells and inhibited cell proliferation.RBWE up-regulated reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels and lowered mitochondrial membrane potentials.Additionally,Western blot and q RT-PCR results suggested that RBWE exerted the above effects by promoting the Nrf2/HO-1 and caspase-induced apoptosis pathways in vitro and in vivo.The contents of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,and total bile acids in the serum of mice from Institute of Cancer were significantly up-regulated by RBWE.At the same time,RBWE can lead to increases in ROS and malondialdehyde contents,decreases in contents of oxidized glutathione,glutathione and reduced glutathione,as well as decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in mouse liver tissues,demonstrating that oxidative stress occurred in mice.Moreover,liver damage was further detected by haematoxylin-eosin staining and electron microscopy to verify the damage to the mice caused by RBWE.In general,RBWE may cause hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro via the apoptosis pathway,which provides a reference for hepatotoxicity and its mechanism of action.
基金Supported by the Modern Agricultural Technology Industry System of ShandongProvince(SDAIT-24-05)。
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the effects of propolis extract on HeLa cells to provide theoretical guidance for facilitating clinical treatment.[Methods]The effects of propolis on inflammation,and proliferation were analyzed based on the levels of DNA transcriptional regulation and mRNA and protein expression levels.[Results]Propolis water extract(PWE)could inhibit the cell proliferation and production of DNA damage in a dosedependent manner.Moreover,the propolis water extract could significantly downregulate the expression of iNOS-Luc,PTGS-2-Luc,and IL-8-Luc,and that it was related to the expression of the NF-κB family protein.After the induction of HeLa cells by propolis,the expression of the cell cycle inhibitor gene p21 was increased,while that of the cell proliferation gene Ki67 was decreased.[Conclusions]Propolis water extract could significantly inhibit the cell proliferation and production of DNA damage,suggesting propolis as a potential candidate for the development of adjunctive therapy against cervical cancer.
文摘Sustainable weed management strategies are essential to reduce chemical and labor inputs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of water extracts from sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamarck] on seed germination of Ageratum conyzoides L. under controlled conditions. The aqueous was produced from plant parts i.e., roots, stems, and leaves of sweet potato at concentrations of 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 g·mL<sup>-1</sup>. The results showed that the plant parts of sweet potato all contained allelopathic substances, which showed high-concentration inhibition and low-concentration promotion of seed germination of A. conyzoides. When the aqueous extract concentrations were 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 g·mL<sup>-1</sup>, the germination of A. conyzoides seeds was inhibited, while the germination was promoted at a concentration of 0.025 g·mL<sup>-1</sup>. This shows that when the planting density of sweet potato is large, it can form an obvious prevention and control effect on A. conyzoides, and thus improve herbicide resistance management.
基金Supported by Research Project Plan in Chengde Medical College(200925)~~
文摘[Objective] Taking silkworm (Bombyx mori) as the test material, the research aimed to study the toxicity effects of Euphorbiafischeriana Steud. against the insects in Lepidoptera. [ Methods ] Water extract was prepared with fresh perennial E. fischer/ana Steud. , which was applied in silkworm with different methods including daubing the extract on silkworm back, soaking silkworm in the extract and feeding silkworm with the mulberry leaves daubed by the extract. [ Re- suits] Those silkworms whose backs were daubed with the water extract had no obvious poisoning symptom. The silkworms soaked for 1 and 3 min could be survived for about 7 d; the silkworms soaked for 5 min could be survived for about 2 d; and the silkworms soaked for 15 rain could be survived for 10 h at most. Those silk- worms fed with mulberry leaves daubed by water extract completely died after 2 d. [ Conduslons ] The water extract of E. fischer/ana Steud. had significant contact toxicity and stomach poisoning against silkworm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51109089 and 31071862)
文摘Water erosion is the major reason for the loss of soil organic carbon in the Northeast China, which leads to the soil quality deterioration and adjacent water pollution. In this study, the effect of extraction temperature, pH value, and salt on the water extractable organic matter (WEOM) was determined by means of the UV absorbance, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix, and derived fluorescence indexes. In general, the carbon content and aromaticity of WEOM increased with the increasing of extraction temperature, with the exception that there was no significant difference in the amount at 0 and 20℃. More fluorophores, especially microbially-derived organic matter were extracted at high temperature. The pH values of extractant, including 5, 7, and 10, showed no effect on the carbon amount of WEOM, whereas the aromaticity and microbially-derived component gradually increased with the increasing of pH values. The fluorescence intensity of humic acid-like fluorophore was stronger in neutral and alkali condition than that in acidic condition. The addition of 10 mmol L-1 CaCl2 significantly decreased the carbon amount of recovered WEOM. Moreover, it significantly decreased the aromaticity of WEOM and the quantity of fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like fluorophores, whereas increased the percentage of tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like fluorophores in the total fluorophores and the amount of microbially-derived organic matter. Generally, 10 mmol L-1 KCl showed the same influence trend, but with low influence degree.
文摘Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is considered the most mobile and reactive soil carbon source and its characterization is an important issue for soil ecology study. A biodegradability test was set up to study WSOC extracted from 7 soils differently managed. WSOC was extracted from soil with water (soil/water ratio of 1:2, W/V) for 30 min, and then tested for biodegradability by a liquid state respirometric test. Result obtained confirmed the finding that WSOC biodegradability depended on the both land use and management practice. These results suggested the biodegradability test as suitable method to characterize WSOC, and provided useful information to soil fertility.
基金financially supported by the National Science Technology Support Plan Project (2012BAH28B01-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41171332)+1 种基金the National Science Technology Basic Special Project (2011FY110400-2)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2012M510526)
文摘Inland lakes are important water resources in arid and semiarid regions. Understanding climate effects on these lakes is critical to accurately evaluate the dynamic changes of water resources. This study focused on the changes in Sayram Lake of Xinjiang, China, and addressed the effects of climate fluctuations on the inland lake based on long-term sequenced remote sensing images and meteorological data from the past 40 years. A geo- graphic information system (GIS) method was used to obtain the hypsometry of the basin area of Sayram Lake, and estimation methods for evaporation from rising temperature and water levels from increasing precipitation were proposed. Results showed that: (1)Areal values of Sayram Lake have increased over the past 40 years. (2) Both temperature and precipitation have increased with average increases of more than 1.8~C and 82 mm, respectively. Variation of the water levels in the lake was consistent with local climate changes, and the areal values show linear relationships with local temperature and precipitation data. (3) According to the hypsometry data of the basin area, the estimated lake water levels increased by 2.8 m, and the water volume increased by 12.9×108 m3 over the past 40 years. The increasing area of Sayram Lake correlated with local and regional climatic changes because it is hardly affected by human activities.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30571656).
文摘Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) play an essential role in development and tissue remodeling of living organisms. However, the overexpression of MMPs has lead to a series of diseases, such as cancer, arthritis, and atherosclerosis; and inhibition of MMPs may have therapeutic benefits. The discovery of MMP inhibitors from herbal has become a prospective event. We showed that the extract of Polygoni multiflori caulis from ethyl acetate or water(ethyl acetate extract and water extract) can inhibit the activities of MMPs 9, 14, and 16 in a dose-dependent manner and n-butyl alcohol extract of it can also inhibit these MMPs. Furthermore, we found that n-butyl alcohol extract and water extract of it influence the cell viability. These discoveries may contribute to the development of MMP in- hibitors for the therapy of a variety of pathological conditions.
基金Supported by Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications,Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYZX1709)Project of Education Department of Liaoning Province(L201606)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2013M530945)
文摘[Objectives] The aim of this work was to compare the inhibitory effects of different water-soluble extracts of ginseng on hydroxyl radical. [Methods]The water-soluble effective parts of ginseng were extracted by orthogonal test,the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of each extract was determined by salicylic acid method,and the extraction process of the optimum hydroxyl radical inhibitor was optimized using variance analysis and cluster analysis. [Results] A total of 16 samples were prepared. Among them,the sample No. 12 had the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging rate,and the inhibition rate reached 105. 08% at the concentration of 1 g/L. [Conclusions] Ginseng water extract contained hydroxyl radical scavenger,of which the optimum extraction process was as follows: p H of 8,solid to liquid ratio of 1∶ 10,extraction temperature of 4℃,extraction time of 12 h and extraction times of 3.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81471308,81271412the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China,No.2014023052the Dalian Science and Technology Project Foundation of China,No.2015SF11GH094
文摘Rehmannia has been shown to be clinically effective in treating neurodegenerative diseases; however, the neuroprotective mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a model of neurodegenerative disease using PC12 cytotoxic injury induced by glutamate. The cells were treated with 20 mM glutamate in the absence or presence of water extracts of dried Rehmannia root of varying concentrations(70%, 50% and 30%). The different concentrations of Rehmannia water extract significantly increased the activity of glutamate-injured cells, reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase, inhibited apoptosis, increased the concentrations of NADH, NAD and ATP in cells, ameliorated mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced the levels of light chain 3. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Rehmannia water extracts exert a cytoprotective effect against glutamate-induced PC12 cell injury via energy metabolism-related pathways.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81360684)Guangxi Key Research and Development Plan Project(Gui Ke AB18221095)+2 种基金China National and Regional University Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Scheme Funding(No.201910599012)High-level Talent Research Projects From Youjiang Medical University For Nationalities(No.01002018079)China National and Autonomous Region Innovation Planning Project for University Students in 2020(2020010599030).
文摘Background:To study the anti-inflammatory,analgesic,fatigue resistant and antihypoxia effects of ethanol extract and water extract of pine pollen.Methods:Two different extracts of pine pollen were prepared into there different concentrations,that is 1.5 mg·mL^-1,4.5 mg·mL^-1 and 7.5 mg·mL^-1 respectively.The extract were studied by xylene-induced ear swelling,acetic acid distortion test and hot plate test.The antihypoxia and antifatigue effects were explored by weight-bearing swimming experiment,routine pressure hypoxia tolerance experiment and liver weight coefficient comparison.Results:Through the study of the four pharmacological effects of ethanol extract and water extract,we found that the anti-inflammatory,analgesic,antithyposia and antifatigue effects of ethanol extract were better than that of water extract.Moreover,the experimental effects significantly improved with the increase of the concentration,and the effect of alcohol increased dose group was accurate(P<0.05).Conclusion:Pine pollen has excellent effects of anti-inflammatory,analgesic,antihypoxia and anti-fatigue.Besides,with the increase of drug concentration,effects tend to be more obvious with positive correlation.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program(973)of China(No.2011CB100400)Sci-technology Program of Guangdong Province(No.0203-E12147)
文摘The allelopathic potential of Rhus chinensis Mill on seedling growth of radish(Raphanus sativus L.),semen cassiae(seed of Cassia obtusifolia L.) and black soyabean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was investigated under laboratory conditions.The water extracts of seed,leaf and bark of R.chinensis inhibited the germination and the growth of roots and shoots of radish,semen cassiae,and black soyabean.Significant increasing reductions in the germination and growth of roots and shoots were observed as the concentration of water extract increased in all bioassays.The order of allelopathic potentials of the three parts from R.chinensis plant on seed germination of these receptors was leaf [ seed [ bark.However,the inhibition of water extracts from R.chinensis seed on root activity of semen cassiae was more severe than from the other two parts.The allelopathic potential on the germination of radish was higher than that of black soyabean and semen cassiae.The integrated effect index for allelopathic potential of water extracts of leaf of R.chinensis on radish,semen cassiae and black soyabean seedling growth were-0.88,-0.93 and-0.98 respectively.The results suggested that it is important to minimize the negative allelopathic potential of R.chinensis in agroforestry systems,and to exploit this traditional Chinese medicinal tree for the production of natural bio-pesticides.