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Functional Rehabilitation of the "Soil Reservoir"in Degraded Soils to Control Floods in the Yangtze River Watershed 被引量:9
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作者 SHIXue-Zheng LIANGYin +3 位作者 YUDong-Sheng PANXian-Zhang E.D.WARNER WANGHong-Jie 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2004年第1期1-8,共8页
The reasons for the Yangtze River flood calamity in 1998 are briefly introduced. The authors believe that using a 'soil reservoir' concept is an important means to help control flooding of the Yangtze River.A ... The reasons for the Yangtze River flood calamity in 1998 are briefly introduced. The authors believe that using a 'soil reservoir' concept is an important means to help control flooding of the Yangtze River.A 'soil reservoir' has a large potential storage capacity and its water can be rapidly 'discharged' into the underground water in a timely fashion. The eroded, infertile soils of the Yangtze River Watershed are currently an obstacle to efficient operation of the 'soil reservoir'. The storage capacity of this 'soil reservoir'has been severely hampered due to intensive soil erosion and the formation of soil crusts. Therefore, possible measures to control floods in the Yangtze River Watershed include: rehabilitating the vegetation to preserve soil and water on the eroded infertile soils, enhancing infiltration of the different soil types, and utilizing the large 'soil reservoir' of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. 展开更多
关键词 flood calamity soil erosion 'soil reservoir' the yangtze river watershed
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Flood Hazard Prediction from Soil Properties by Remote Sensing and Genographic Information System:A Case Study of Mae Rim Watershed,Chiang Mai Province,Thailand 被引量:4
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作者 PANJIANJIUN E.BERGSMA 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1998年第1期71-78,共8页
Physiography and soil in Mae Rim watershed, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand were investigated by using aerial photographs and satellite image in conjunction with field work, and soil infiltration rate and soil shear res... Physiography and soil in Mae Rim watershed, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand were investigated by using aerial photographs and satellite image in conjunction with field work, and soil infiltration rate and soil shear resistance were measured in field. Many factors affecting runoff were analyzed using the Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS). As a result, a model determining flood hazard was set up. Three maps including runoff curve number map, runoff coefficient map, and flood inundation map were created. In addition, the time of concentration was predicted. 展开更多
关键词 flood hazard prediction Mae Rim watershed soil properties surface runout coefficient
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Impacts of water surface area of watershed on design flood 被引量:1
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作者 Qing-hua ZHANG Yan-fang DIAO Jie DONG 《Water Science and Engineering》 EI CAS CSCD 2014年第1期41-48,共8页
In order to analyze the impact of the water surface area of a watershed on the design flood, the watershed was classified into a land watershed and a water surface watershed for flood flow calculation at the same time... In order to analyze the impact of the water surface area of a watershed on the design flood, the watershed was classified into a land watershed and a water surface watershed for flood flow calculation at the same time interval. Then, the design flood of the whole watershed was obtained by adding the two flood flows together. Using this method, we calculated design floods with different water surface areas of three reservoirs and analyzed the impact of water surface area on the flood volume and peak flow. The results indicate that larger water surface areas lead to greater impacts on the flood volume and peak flow. For the same watershed area, the impact of water surface area on the flood volume and peak flow is positively proportional to the flood frequency, i.e., the higher the frequency, the greater the impact becomes. 展开更多
关键词 watershed water surface area design flood flood frequency flood volume peak Jlow
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Flood Change Detection and Attribution Using Simulation Approach in Data-Scarce Watersheds: A Case of Wabi Shebele River Basin, Ethiopia 被引量:1
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作者 Fraol Abebe Wudineh Semu Ayalew Moges Belete Berhanu Kidanewold 《Journal of Water Resource and Protection》 2021年第5期362-393,共32页
Flood events vary with sub-regions, sites and time and show complex characteristics. This study investigated temporal variabilities in flood discharges and relationships with principal driving factors in data scarce W... Flood events vary with sub-regions, sites and time and show complex characteristics. This study investigated temporal variabilities in flood discharges and relationships with principal driving factors in data scarce Wabi Shebele River Basin. The preliminary analysis using exploratory data analysis (EDA) on annual and seasonal maximum discharge reveals that there are cycles of extreme flows at five- and ten-year intervals respectively throughout the basin. The statistical verification using the Mann-Kendall test and Quantile perturbation method indicates a significant trend in flood magnitude and frequency entire the basin in the early 21st century. For longest period (1980-2010) annual maximum stream flow shows significant positive trend (p-value < 0.05) in middle catchments and negative trend (p-value < 0.05) in eastern catchments. The years: 1986-1995, 2006-2010 are the years in which positive significant anomalies occurred in all seasons, while the years: 1980-1985, 1996-2005 are the occurrence years of significant negative anomalies. Rainfall from climate drivers;DA, BE, VS and fraction of sand from environmental background drivers;fraction of forest and population density from external factors were identified as the powerful driving factors of flood variabilities in the Wabi Shebele River Basin. 展开更多
关键词 flood Events watersheds Wabi Shebele River Hydrological Model Driving Factors of flood
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Constrction of watershed flood disastermanagement information system and its application to the catastrophic flood of theYangtze River in 1998 被引量:1
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作者 CHENDe-qing HUANG Shi-feng YANG Cun-jian (Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China) 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 1999年第2期163-168,共6页
This paper introduces a general method of establishing Watershed Flooding Disaster Management Information System (WFDMIS). The functions, database, models, user interface, software and hardware are considered. An appl... This paper introduces a general method of establishing Watershed Flooding Disaster Management Information System (WFDMIS). The functions, database, models, user interface, software and hardware are considered. An application example in Poyang Lake Basin was given. 展开更多
关键词 flood disaster watershed management Geographical Information System
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Modeling Reforestation’s Role in Climate-Proofing Watersheds from Flooding and Soil Erosion 被引量:1
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作者 Robert L. France Andrew S. M. Patton Peter W. Aitchison 《American Journal of Climate Change》 2019年第3期387-403,共17页
The mitigation potential of reforestation for offsetting the deleterious effects of increased flooding and soil erosion projected to occur in Atlantic Canada through future climate change was investigated. Modelling d... The mitigation potential of reforestation for offsetting the deleterious effects of increased flooding and soil erosion projected to occur in Atlantic Canada through future climate change was investigated. Modelling determined a strong but non-linear relationship between extent of vegetative cover and runoff volume and discharge rate for a Nova Scotian watershed, suggesting that reforestation will reduce, but not completely prevent, flooding. Predicted erosion rates were found to be progressively reduced in relation to the extent of upland reforestation. Of three scenarios examined in which 60%, 65%, and 85% of the entire watershed are randomly reforested, only the latter would reduce the elevated erosion expected to occur through climate change back to present-day existing levels. Additional modelling revealed that comparable mitigation of soil erosion can ensue through implementation of 70 m streamside buffer strips, which would only take up 19% of the total surface area. Prioritizing riparian zones for reforestation will therefore subsume less of the overall productive land area and therefore enact a less severe socio-economic impact on agriculture and forestry. 展开更多
关键词 CLIMATE Change watersheds MODELING floodING Soil Erosion REFORESTATION
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Assessment of Flash-Flood Hazard in Arid Watersheds of Jordan
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作者 Yahya Farhan Atef Ayed 《Journal of Geographic Information System》 2017年第6期717-751,共35页
Flash flood hazard initiated by heavy rainstorms is common in arid Jordan, and often has induced immense damage to life and infrastructures. The current study presents a flash flood assessment for Wadi Rajil (northern... Flash flood hazard initiated by heavy rainstorms is common in arid Jordan, and often has induced immense damage to life and infrastructures. The current study presents a flash flood assessment for Wadi Rajil (northern Jordan) and Wadi Wuheida (southern Jordan) watersheds using ASTER DEM, GIS, and geomorphic field observation. A total of 23 morphometric parameters of paramount relation to flash flood risk estimation were extracted and calculated using ASTER DEM, GIS, and mathematical formulae developed for this purpose. Two methods were employed to assess flash floods and to generate flooding risk susceptibility maps. The first method is El-Shamy’s approach, and the second is the morphometric hazard degree assessment method. Consequently, sub-basins with high and extreme flooding susceptibility were demarcated and displayed spatially using GIS. The maps so produced are meant to help planners and decision makers to devise appropriate plans to mitigate harmful flooding impacts, and to deal with flooding hazards. 展开更多
关键词 Flash flood ASTER DEM MORPHOMETRY ARID watersheds El-Shamy’s Approach JORDAN
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A Framework for a Subwatershed-Scale Screening Tool to Support Development of Resiliency Solutions and Flood Protection Priority Areas in a Low-Lying Coastal Community
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作者 Frederick Bloetscher Gerardo Rojas +16 位作者 Anthony Abbate Tucker Hindle Jeffery Huber Richard Jones Weibo Liu Daniel Eduardo Meeroff Diana Mitsova Sudhagar Nagarajan Glen Oglesby Colin Polsky Hongbo Su Eva Suarez Ramesh Teegavarapu Jared Weaver Zhixiao Xie Yan Yong Caiyun Zhang 《Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection》 2021年第10期180-205,共26页
Flood risk analysis is the instrument for local officials to create a sound strategy and adaptation plans for the impacts of inundation due to heavy rains, climate change and sea level rise. Hence, cities with aging i... Flood risk analysis is the instrument for local officials to create a sound strategy and adaptation plans for the impacts of inundation due to heavy rains, climate change and sea level rise. Hence, cities with aging infrastructure are retrofitting their stormwater management systems to mitigate the impacts. However determining the most at risk areas and the options for corrections is more challenging. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop a screening tool to analyze watersheds and identify the most at-risk areas. High-quality, open source data and sophisticated spatial analysis techniques allow engineers to create innovative ways to conduct watershed wide inundation analysis. In th</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is study, the investigators developed </span></span></span></span><span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">screening tool to identify at-ri</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sk properties by combining readily available data on topography, groundwater, surface water, tidal information for coastal communities, soils, open space, and rainfall data. Once the screening tool is developed, the means to identify and prioritize improvements to be funded with scarce capital funds is the next step.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A tool box of solutions was developed to address flood risk and vulnerability. Testing of the screening tool was conducted in Browa</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rd County, Florida and shows encouraging results. Comparison wit</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">h FEMA Flood maps and repetitive loss mapping indicates that the process works in a coastal community. The framework appears to be viable across cities that may be inundated with water due to sea-level rise, rainfall, runoff upstream, and other natural events. 展开更多
关键词 floodING watershed flood Modeling Screening Tool Risk INFRASTRUCTURE
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Effects of Erosion Control Measures on Mountain Floods: A Case Study of the Censhui River South Branch Watershed
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作者 Changzhi Li Hong Wang +2 位作者 Baozhao Yuan Dongya Sun Changjun Liu 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2015年第8期646-654,共9页
To investigate the effects of various erosion control measures on mountain floods, a case study was conducted in Censhui River South Branch Watershed using scenario analysis and soil conservation service (SCS) metho... To investigate the effects of various erosion control measures on mountain floods, a case study was conducted in Censhui River South Branch Watershed using scenario analysis and soil conservation service (SCS) methods. A distributed hydrological model was developed, and watershed parameters were determined based on satellite imagery, digital terrain models, digital maps and field investigations. Two types of erosion control measures were investigated: the variation of vegetation covers and the change of cultivation techniques. Seven scenarios were considered for the test watershed. The results show: (1) while the de-vegetation results in the increase of peak discharge, the improve of vegetation covers decreases peak discharge at watershed scale; (2) by both improving vegetation cover and enhancing terrace-cultivation technology, the peak discharge is reduced and the peak flow arrival time is delayed; (3) attention should be attached to both early warning system and measures changing the underlying surface and conveyance systems. 展开更多
关键词 watershed soil and water conservation mountain flood erosion control measures scenario analysis.
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Critical Rainfall Analysis on Flash Flood Early Warning for South Branch of Censhui Watershed
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作者 Changzhi Li Hong Wang +4 位作者 Xiaotao Cheng Baozhao Yuan Meihong Ma Changiun Liu Dongya Sun 《Journal of Hydraulic Engineering》 2016年第1期1-12,共12页
Critical rainfall for flash flood early warning is a converse result of precipitation-runoffprocess based on warning discharge threshold for a warning station of interest in a watershed; the key aspects of critical ra... Critical rainfall for flash flood early warning is a converse result of precipitation-runoffprocess based on warning discharge threshold for a warning station of interest in a watershed; the key aspects of critical rainfall include rainfall amount and rainfall duration Using hydrological modeling technique with detailed sub-basin delineation and manual for design precipitation-runoff computation, this study introduces basic concept and methods of analyzing critical rainfall for flash flood early warning. Taking South Branch of Censhui watershed in China as an example, typical critical rainfalls for flash flood dynamic early warning were estimated for 3 warning stations located in the watershed. This research illustrates that detailed watershed characteristics in the context of several warning stations can be modeled in-depth by further delineating the watershed into smaller sub-basins to simulate spatial distribution of various basin parameters. It further confirms that time of concentration of a watershed is an important factor to rainfall duration determination, and the antecedent soil moisture condition of a watershed has significant impact on critical rainfall for same rainfall duration. 展开更多
关键词 Small watershed flash flood early warning critical rainfall.
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基于SWMM和LISFLOOD-FP的城市内涝耦合模型研究 被引量:2
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作者 李智 张倩 兰双双 《水电能源科学》 北大核心 2024年第2期202-206,共5页
以柳州市箭盘山流域为例,构建SWMM一维管道模型与LISFLOOD-FP二维地面模型并将其耦合,基于实测降雨“20180818”24 h暴雨资料,将得到的暴雨内涝淹没水深和淹没面积与该场次降雨情况下记录淹没点的范围相比较,验证耦合模型具有较好的适... 以柳州市箭盘山流域为例,构建SWMM一维管道模型与LISFLOOD-FP二维地面模型并将其耦合,基于实测降雨“20180818”24 h暴雨资料,将得到的暴雨内涝淹没水深和淹没面积与该场次降雨情况下记录淹没点的范围相比较,验证耦合模型具有较好的适用性。进而基于耦合模型,对柳州市箭盘山流域2、5、10、20年一遇下设计降雨进行模拟,得到不同重现期下研究区的溢流节点、淹没水深和淹没面积,并于ARCGIS平台将结果可视化。结果表明,重现期由2年上升到20年过程中,溢流节点比例从9.03%增加至25.99%,溢流面积从0.473 km^(2)增加至2.114 km^(2);重点淹没区域分布在屏山大道、炮团路、西江路和东堤路。 展开更多
关键词 SWMM LISflood-FP 城市洪涝 耦合 箭盘山流域
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FORECASTING OF A NONLINEAR CASCADE FOR WATERSHED RUNOFF
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作者 陈绳甲 Vijay P.Singh 《Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1989年第2期169-177,共9页
Forecasting of a nonlinear cascade was developed for modeling watershed runoff, and was tested by computing the direct runoff hydrograph for two rainfall- runoff events on a small watershed in China . The forecasting ... Forecasting of a nonlinear cascade was developed for modeling watershed runoff, and was tested by computing the direct runoff hydrograph for two rainfall- runoff events on a small watershed in China . The forecasting model was superior to Ding s variable unit hydrograph method and the method of limited differences for these two events. 展开更多
关键词 RUNOFF watershed RAINFALL RESERVOIRS forecasting cascade hydrologic ANALOGY flood OUTFLOW
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Hydrological Study of Watersheds Arid and Semi-Arid South-Eastern Algeria (Chott Melghir, Chott El Hodna and Highlands Constantine)
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作者 Fares Belagoune Djamel Boutoutaou 《International Journal of Geosciences》 2013年第10期1483-1490,共8页
The objective of the study is to establish the hydrological characteristics, the hydrological behavior of river basins in arid and semi-arid south-eastern Algeria (establish of methodologies and necessary working tool... The objective of the study is to establish the hydrological characteristics, the hydrological behavior of river basins in arid and semi-arid south-eastern Algeria (establish of methodologies and necessary working tools for planning the development and management of water resources). The study on floods in Algeria is established by the National Agency of Water Resources (ANRH shows that the country is confronted with the phenomenon of very destructive floods and floods especially in arid and semi-arid regions). Flooding of rivers in these areas is less known. They are characterized by their sudden duration (rain showers, thunderstorm). The duration of the flood is in the order of minutes to hours. The human and material damages caused by these floods are still high. The study area encompasses three watersheds in semi-arid, arid south and Algeria. There are pools of Chott-Melghir (68,751 km2), highland Constantine-07 (9578 km2) and El Hodna-05 basin (25,843 km2). The total area of this zone is about 104,500km2. Studies of protection against floods and design studies of hydraulic structures (spillway, storm basin, etc.) require the raw data which are often unknown in several places particularly at ungauged wadis of these areas. 展开更多
关键词 flood watershed Specific Flow Coefficient of Variation ARID
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Impact of Mechanical and Biological Watershed Treatments on Surface Runoff
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作者 Mehrdad Safaei Akram Mahan 《Open Journal of Geology》 2018年第9期896-912,共17页
Floods are common types of water-related natural hazards that cause not only destruction and loss of lives but also erosion and sedimentation. Soil and water conservation (SWC) techniques such as mechanical treatments... Floods are common types of water-related natural hazards that cause not only destruction and loss of lives but also erosion and sedimentation. Soil and water conservation (SWC) techniques such as mechanical treatments (placing check dams) and biological treatments (vegetation restoration) are being applied to reduce the velocity of runoff and mitigate the impact of floods. In this research, we evaluated four different SWC scenarios to see how the watershed responds to those watershed treatments. We calibrated and validated a rainfall-runoff model to simulate the impact of biological and mechanical treatments on peak discharge and volume of the runoff in Bishebone watershed in the north of Iran. Simulation of peak discharge for before and after watershed treatments for floods with return periods of 2 to 100 years shows that, the combination impact of mechanical and biological treatments on floods with return period of 100 years is 6.95 to 9.94 percent. Results also show that the impact of mechanical treatments on floods with higher return periods is relatively more than that of shorter return periods. 展开更多
关键词 flood Hydrologic Modeling watershed Treatment
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Rain-Flow Modelling Using the GR4J Model for Flood Risk Management in the Oti Watershed (Togo)
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作者 Koungbanane Dambré Kodja Japhet Domiho +2 位作者 Lemou Faya Totin Vodounon Henri Sourou Amoussou Ernest 《Open Journal of Modern Hydrology》 CAS 2024年第4期213-230,共18页
In recent years, West Africa has been confronted with hydro-climatic disasters causing crises in both urban and rural areas. The tragedy in the occurrence of such events lies in the recurrent aspect of high water and ... In recent years, West Africa has been confronted with hydro-climatic disasters causing crises in both urban and rural areas. The tragedy in the occurrence of such events lies in the recurrent aspect of high water and associated floods. The devastating floods observed in Africa’s major rivers have revealed the need to understand the causes of these phenomena and to predict their behavior in order to improve the safety of exposed people and property. The aim of this study is to reproduce flood flows using the GR4J (Rural Engineering Four Daily Parameters) model to analyze flood risk in the Oti watershed in Togo. Daily data on flows (m3/s), potential evapotranspiration (mm/day) and average precipitation (mm) over the basin from 1961-2022 collected at the National Meteorological Agency of Togo (ANAMET) and the Department of Water Resources in Lome, were used with the R software package airGR. The Data from the West African Cordex program from 1961-2100 were used to analyze projected flows. The results obtained show the GR4J model’s effectiveness in reproducing flood flows, indicating that observed flows are well simulated during the calibration and validation periods, with KGE values ranging from 0.73 to 0.85 at calibration and 0.62 to 0.81 at validation. These KGE values reflect the good performance of the GR4J model in simulating flood flows in the watershed. However, a deterioration in the KGE value was observed over the second validation period. Under these conditions, there may be false or missed alerts for flood prediction, and the use of this model should be treated with the utmost caution for decision-support purposes. 展开更多
关键词 Modeling Génie Rural à 4 Paramètres Journaliers (GR4J) floods Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) Oti watershed Risk
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基于MIKE FLOOD的城市小流域内涝防治能力评估
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作者 邵锦焯 陈汉杰 何坚鸿 《广东水利水电》 2024年第9期119-126,共8页
文章以广州市鹤洞涌小流域为研究对象,基于MIKE FLOOD构建了水动力耦合模型,模拟不同重现期降雨条件下流域内涝情况,对城市内涝防治能力进行评估,提出治理方案。研究结果表明,降雨强度的增大会使城区低洼地的内涝风险加剧,通过城市竖向... 文章以广州市鹤洞涌小流域为研究对象,基于MIKE FLOOD构建了水动力耦合模型,模拟不同重现期降雨条件下流域内涝情况,对城市内涝防治能力进行评估,提出治理方案。研究结果表明,降雨强度的增大会使城区低洼地的内涝风险加剧,通过城市竖向优化、区域海绵化改造、水务工程建设等措施,可有效提高区域内涝防治能力。耦合模型能较好的评估区域内涝防治能力,为城市治涝提供一定的参考。 展开更多
关键词 内涝防治 MIKE flood 小流域 鹤洞涌
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WATFLOOD模型的应用分析 被引量:3
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作者 吕雁翔 李致家 王秀庆 《水力发电》 北大核心 2014年第3期16-19,共4页
WATFLOOD模型是基于物理基础的分布式流域水文模型。为了研究其在国内湿润流域的合理性和适用性,结合数字高程、土地利用等资料,将WATFLOOD模型应用于呈村流域,对该流域1990—1999年间的18场洪水进行径流模拟。另将新安江模型也应用于... WATFLOOD模型是基于物理基础的分布式流域水文模型。为了研究其在国内湿润流域的合理性和适用性,结合数字高程、土地利用等资料,将WATFLOOD模型应用于呈村流域,对该流域1990—1999年间的18场洪水进行径流模拟。另将新安江模型也应用于该流域对这18场洪水进行径流模拟,并对两种模型的原理结构和洪水特征值进行比较分析。两种模型模拟精度差异不大,结果比较满意。表明WATFLOOD模型在湿润流域具有一定的适用性。 展开更多
关键词 WATflood模型 呈村流域 新安江模型 洪水模拟
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MIKE FLOOD模型在北京清河流域洪涝模拟中的有效性验证 被引量:6
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作者 卢丽 潘学标 张立祯 《水利水电技术(中英文)》 北大核心 2021年第S02期157-163,共7页
近年来,由于极端降水事件频发和城镇化步伐加快,大中城市小流域的防汛压力急剧增大。城市中下垫面硬化面积较大,流域内的降雨径流加大,产汇流加快,预报预警准确率降低,造成防汛响应效率低。本文以首都中心区北部的清河流域为研究对象,... 近年来,由于极端降水事件频发和城镇化步伐加快,大中城市小流域的防汛压力急剧增大。城市中下垫面硬化面积较大,流域内的降雨径流加大,产汇流加快,预报预警准确率降低,造成防汛响应效率低。本文以首都中心区北部的清河流域为研究对象,定量分析了流域内的土地利用现状、地形因素及防洪泄洪能力,应用1986—2014年的气象数据和和洪涝发生记录,率定了城市洪涝模型MIKE FLOOD,进行了参数的本地化和模型验证。结果表明,率定后的模型模拟值与实际观测的水位和洪峰动态均较吻合。结果表明该模型可用于流域极端降水和洪水的模拟分析。本研究为数字化、精细化流域洪涝管理提供了重要技术支撑。 展开更多
关键词 流域 洪水 水文模型 降水 径流
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Floods and Hydrograms of Floods of Rivers in Arid Zones of the Mediterranean, Case of the Kingdom of Morocco
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作者 Boutoutaou Djamel Zeggane Houari Belagoune Fares 《International Journal of Geosciences》 2020年第10期651-666,共16页
The Moroccan territory is often exposed to brutal and destructive floods. The latter is triggered by intense rains and sudden duration (rain showers, thunderstorms). The human and material damage caused by these flood... The Moroccan territory is often exposed to brutal and destructive floods. The latter is triggered by intense rains and sudden duration (rain showers, thunderstorms). The human and material damage caused by these floods has always been very high. The violence of the flood (1000 m<sup>3</sup>/s) of Oued Ourika on Aug 17, 1995, killed 730 people. The material damage caused by torrential rain only for the years 2008 and 2009 on the road network (roads and civil engineering works) represents more than 2.9 billion dirhams. The development of flood protection studies requires the values of the instantaneous frequency flow of a certain probability and the corresponding flood hydrogram, generally, these values are not available in the watersheds studied. The objective of this study is to propose for the Moroccan territory a method of calculating flood flows and hydrographs of floods for stream and wadis ungauged for the benefit of engineers and planners for possible studies of flood protection. The proposed method is based on the delimitation of homogeneous regions of Moroccan territory (three homogeneous regions). The frequency analysis carried out for these three zones made it possible to identify the climatic parameters necessary to calculate the flood index and consequently the frequency floods. The proposed Galton type flood hydrograph includes three parameters namely the rise time, the shape parameter and the flood index. These latter parameters are easily calculated by the formulas proposed. 展开更多
关键词 floods ARID watersheds BASINS HYDROGRAPH
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Design of Flood Drainage in Golgohar Iron Ore Mine#3
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作者 Saeid Maknouni Gilani 《Hydro Science & Marine Engineering》 2019年第1期15-21,共7页
The iron ore minerals reservoir of Golgohar Mine#3 is more than 660 million tons.It is the biggest in Iran and rate of ore extraction is more than 15 million tons per year.The pit takes place on the way of runoff path... The iron ore minerals reservoir of Golgohar Mine#3 is more than 660 million tons.It is the biggest in Iran and rate of ore extraction is more than 15 million tons per year.The pit takes place on the way of runoff pathway of this watershed and it needs an especial strategy for conserving the pit mine during next imminent floods.The area of Mine# 3 watershed is 20785700 square meters and its general slope in its topography map is 0.59 percent;then initial scheming indicates it can causes a great deal of problems for mining operation n the next floods;particularly,the pit is located into degree 4th sub branch of a main ephemeral river.For this purpose,the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number(SCS)method was employed to estimate intervals period of next floods based on the magnitude,the intensity and the duration of precipitation events data.Conceptual design of runoff drainage of the watershed was designed to lead the flood to a better pathway location.The Mine#3 overburden deposition occupies a huge area on the watershed;and it has been considered and redesigned in terms of size,form,dimensions and location to manage as a physical obstacle against next floods.Hydraulic calculations were applied for designing two essential open channels which can preserve the pit. 展开更多
关键词 Golgohar flood watershed MINE Drainage CURVE NUMBER
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